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Solar & Wind ExchangeVaasa Energy Week , Vaasa, Finland22 March 2017
Solar power in FinlandFinSolar Project Director & Researcher, M. Sc. (Eng.) Karoliina Auvinen
Sun shines in Finland
• Cool climate is favorable for solar energy production • Finnish solar energy industry: approx. 100 companies!
03.05.2023Karoliina Auvinen
2
03.05.20233
Grid connected solar PV capacity in Finland - market growth over 100 %/y during 2014-2016
05/03/2023Karoliina Auvinen
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2016
20 MW
2015
8-10 MW
2014
4 MW
Source: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/REN21_GSR2016_KeyFindings_en_10.pdf
Estimated growth in 2016: +70 GW
Global 300 000 MW 15 000 times more than Finland’s 20 MW solar PV capacity
Source: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/REN21_GSR2016_KeyFindings_en_10.pdf
Germany’s 40 000 MW is 2 000 times more than Finland’s 20 MW solar PV capacity
Solar PV system prices in 2016 – price reduction 5-10% from 2014-2015Size, kW Prices €/kWp (VAT 0%)
Grid connected > 1000 kW (1 MW) 1 200 – 1 000 €/kWp
Grid connected > 250 kW rooftop 1 300 – 950 €/kWpGrid connected 10 – 250 kW rooftop 1 350 – 1 050 €/kWp
Grid connected < 10 kW 2 000 – 1 300 €/kWp
Offgrid > 1 kW PV + battery 3 500 €/kWp
Offgrid < 1 kW PV + battery 5 000 €/kWp
03.05.2023Karoliina Auvinen
7Source: http://www.finsolar.net/aurinkoenergian-hankintaohjeita/aurinkosahkon-hinnat-ja-kannattavuus/
Solar PV system LCOE prices, c/kWh (30 year lifetime)
System price
LCOE price
(VAT 0%)
Example application
Subsidies & taxes
Application LCOE price
Cheapest 950 €/kWp 4,2 c/kWh
Rooftop 900 kW PV system in industrial site
25 % investment grant, VAT
0%
3,3 c/kWh
Most expensive
2000 €/kWp 8,6 c/kWh
Small 3 kW rooftop in house
cooperative
No subsidies, VAT 24%
11 c/kWh
03.05.2023Karoliina Auvinen
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Electricity purchase prices c/kWhCompare: Solar PV
LCOE 11 - 3,3 c/kWh
03.05.2023
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 20
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.1
0.110.120.130.140.150.160.170.180.190.2
0.210.220.230.240.25
9% ROI
7% ROI
5% ROI
3% ROI
Investment cost of solar PV system eur/Wp (VAT 0%)
Pric
e of
reta
il el
ectri
city
[e/k
Wh]
(VA
T 0%
)
Price of electricity in investigated investment cases in 2014 by FinSolar project
Return on investment (ROI) 1-8%
Price of PV system eur/Wp without investment aid
Price of PV system eur/Wp
with 30% investment aid
Solar PV & Finnish energy policy• Solar electricity self-consumption exempted from grid fees
and electricity taxes up to 100 kVA system size or 800 MWh/year production limit
• 25-40% investment grants available for municipalities and companies - housing sector & state properties are excluded
• Single houses can get household tax deduction from solar system installation work (approx. 5-10% from the whole investment price)
• House co-operatives are excluded from all incentives! • Government doesn’t have solar energy targets, strong focus
in bio energy• Solar PV is excluded from the current feed-in tariff system
• Next support scheme based on auctioning - solar PV is not likely to be competitive with wind power
Karoliina Auvinen
Policy challenge: Solar PV in energy communities• Current legislation doesn’t
aknowledge house co-operative grids
• FinSolar experiment project• Piloting virtual metering and
micro-grid solutions• Goal to unlock the solar PV
market for the house co-operatives: 2 million people live in 80 000 apartment buildings in Finland
Karoliina Auvinen
Photo: Janne Käpylehto
Distribution grid
Net metering service not legal now?
Kiinteistösähkö
Sähköverkko
Oman sopimuksen
asukkaat
Aurinko-sopimuksen
asukkaat
Aurinkosähkö-tuotanto
Lisämit tari
As.OynAurinkoenergia ”osuuskunta”
Sähkö-pää-keskus
Challenge: Now every apartment meter calculates taxes & grid fees
Solution: taxes & grid fees for solar calculated at the grid connection point by net metering service provider
Karoliina Auvinen
Grid challenge: Will solar PV owners save grid fees in the future?Case calculation: If energy based grid fees change to power-based or fixed tariffs, the payback time of municipality’s solar PV investment changes from 13 to 23 years
Comparison of PV capacity and policies between Finland, Sweden and Denmark
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Support policies Installed capacity
Finland Investment grant, no grid fees and taxes up to 100 kVA or 800 MWh
Approx. 20 MW (2016)
Denmark Premium tariffs, net-metering 791 MW (2015)Sweden Investment grants, subsidy
for residential battery storage costs, tax returns
85 MW (2015)
Sources: https://cleantechnica.com/2016/11/22/sweden-will-offer-60-subsidy-residential-battery-storage-costs /, https://www.worldenergy.org/data/resources/region/europe/solar/, http://www.res-legal.eu/search-by-country/denmark/single/s/res-e/t/promotion/aid/premium-tariff-law-on-the-promotion-of-renewable-energy/lastp/96/
Solar energy is already feasible in Finland, but market growth would improve with support policies
Thank you! More information:www.finsolar.netwww.smartenergytransition.fi
Contact:Karoliina [email protected]+358 50 462 4727Aalto University, Helsinki