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-By PriyanshuNathawat

of class IX-A

Pres

entin

g

befo

re

you…

…

Pove

rty An

alysis

Of INDIA

N

State

-

[GUJ

ARAT

] …

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• Poverty is one of the biggest

challenges faced by

independent India. After

discussing the multi-

dimensional problems of

Gujarat,the ppt discusses the

causes of poverty in GUJARAT

as well as the anti-Poverty

measures taken by govt. are

also discussed and it ends

with broadening the results of

anti-poverty measures and

the conclusion..

Pove

rty-a

n

intro

duct

ion…

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Leve

ls Of P

over

ty

Exist

ing

[gra

phica

l

repr

esen

tatio

n]

4

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• States which experienced a higher poverty reduction are

Orissa (21.6%), Uttarakhand (20.2%), Maharashtra (18.4%),

Tamil Nadu (16.3%) and Himachal Pradesh (15.9%). 

While economists term the decline in rural poverty as the

"real story" of Gujarat, as the reduction is higher than the

all-India average of 8.2%, others have simultaneously

noticed how, in urban poverty reduction, the state has fared

badly compared to the majorityof Indian states. 

In Gujarat during 2004-10, there has been a very marginal

decrease in the percentage of urban poor, much lower than

most Indian states. A 2.2% reduction in the number of urban

poor from 20.1% to 17.9% is lower than a dozen out of 20

major states. The states which witnessed a higher percentage in urban

poverty reduction are Madhya Pradesh (12.2), Orissa (11.7),

Rajasthan (9.8), Maharashtra (7.3), Tamil Nadu (6.9),

Karnataka (6.3), Kerala (6.3), Andhra Pradesh (5.7),

Chhattisgarh (4.6), Bihar (4.3), Uttar Pradesh (2.4) and West

Bengal (2.4). The all-India average percentage in poverty

reduction is 4.6. While Debroy gives no reason behind the low rate of

decrease in urban poverty in Gujarat, analysts attribute it to

Gujarat emerging as the fastest urbanized state of India.

Gujarat experienced a whopping 35.83% growth in urban

population between 2001 and 2011. 

Currently, 42.6% of the state's population now lives in urban

areas, next only to Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.

Analysis

of

poverty

in

Gujarat…

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LANDLESSNESSORUNEMPLOYEMENT??

ILLITERACYOR

POOR HEALTH…Childlabour And Helplessness…..

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• Rural poverty is a multi-dimensional social problem. Its causes are varied.

They are as follows:

• 1. Climatic factors:

• Climatic conditions constitute an important cause of poverty. The hot climate

of India reduces the capacity of people especially the ruralites to work for

which production severely suffers. Frequent flood, famine, earthquake and

cyclone cause heavy damage to agriculture. Moreover, absence of timely

rain, excessive or deficient rain affect severely country’s agricultural

production.• 2.Rapid growth of population:

• Rapid growth of population aggravates the poverty of the people. The

growth of population exceeds the rate of growth in national income.

Population growth not only creates difficulties in the removal of poverty but

also lowers the per capita income which tends to increase poverty. The

burden of this reduction in per capita income is borne heavily by the poor

people. Population growth at a faster rate increases labour supply which

tends to lower the wage rate.

• 3. Size of family:

• Size of the family has significant bearing on rural poverty. The larger the size

of family, the lower is the per capita income, and the lower is the standard

of living. The persistence of the joint family system has contributed to the

health and earning capacity of the ruralites.

• 4. Personal causes:

• (i) Lack of motivation:

• Lack of motivation is an important cause of rural poverty. Some ruralites do

not have a motive to work hard or even to earn something. This accounts for

the poverty of the ruralites.

• (ii) Idleness:

• Most of the rural people are lazy, dull and reluctant to work. Hence they rot

in poverty.

Caus

es o

f

Pove

rty in

Guja

rat..

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Causes….• 5. Economic causes:

• (i) Low agricultural productivity:• Poverty and real income are very much interrelated. Increase in real income leads to

reduction of the magnitude of poverty. So far as agricultural sector is concerned, the farmers even today are following the traditional method of cultivation. Hence there is low agricultural productivity resulting in rural poverty.

• (ii) Unequal distribution of land and other assets:• Land and other forms of assets constitute sources of income for the ruralites. But,

unfortunately, there has been unequal distribution of land and other assets in our economy. The size-wise distribution of operational holdings indicates a very high degree of concentration in the hands of a few farmers leading to poverty of many in the rural sector.

• (iii) Decline of village industries:• At present consequent upon industrialization new factories and industries are being

set up in rural areas. Village industries fail to compete with them in terms of quality and price. As a result they are closed down. The workers are thrown out of employment and lead a life of poverty.

• (iv) Immobility of labour:• Immobility of labour also accounts, for rural poverty. Even if higher wages are

offered, labourers are not willing to leave their homes. The joint family system makes people lethargic and stay-at-home.

• The ruralites are mostly illiterate, ignorant, conservative, superstitious and fatalistic. Poverty is considered as god-given, something pre ordained. All these factors lead to abysmal poverty in rural India.

• (v) Lack of employment opportunities:• Unemployment is the reflection of poverty. Because of lack of employment

opportunities, people remain either unemployed or underemployed. Most of these unemployed and underemployed workers are the small and marginal farmers and the landless agricultural labourers.

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Causes….• 6. Social causes:• (i) Education:• Education is an agent of social change and egalitarianism. Poverty is also said to be

closely related to the levels of schooling and these two have a circular relationship. The earning power is endowed in the individual by investment in education and training. But this investment in people takes away money and lack of human investment contributes to the low earning capacity of individuals.In this way people are poor because they have little investment in themselves and poor people do not have the funds for human capital investment.

• (ii) Caste system:• Caste system in India has always been responsible for rural poverty. The subordination of

the low caste people by the high caste people caused the poverty of the former. Due to rigid caste system, the low caste people could not participate in the game of economic progress.A Shudra was not allowed to become a trader and a Vaisya could earn his bread only by trade.Birth would decide their occupation and their economic fate. K. V. Verghese rightly observes, “Caste system acted as a spring board for class exploitation with the result that the counterpart of the poverty of the many is the opulence of the few. The second is the cause of the first.”

• (iv) Social customs:• The ruralites spend a large percentage of annual earnings on social ceremonies like

marriage, death feast etc. As a result, they remain in debt and poverty.• (v) Growing indebtedness:• In the rural sector most of the ruralites depend on borrowings from the money-lenders

and land-lords to meet even their consumption expenses. Moneylenders, however, exploit the poor by charging exorbitant rates of interest and by acquiring the mortgaged land in the event of non-payment of loans.

• Indebted poor farmers cannot make themselves free from the clutches of moneylenders. Their poverty is further accentuated because of indebtedness. Such indebted families continue to remain under the poverty line for generations because of this debt-trap.

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THE POVERTY CYCLE…Family in

poverty.

Child grows in poverty.

Disadvantaged in education & skills

Struggles for job &

work.

Fails to escape the poverty

cycle.

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Anti-poverty measures…• The main causes of poverty in India are low economic growth during the colonial rule, population explosion,

lack of job opportunities, Irregular low-paying employment, inequitable distribution of resources and indebtedness.Anti-poverty measures taken by the Indian government are based on two main objectives: Increasing economic growth in the country and launching anti-poverty programmes for specific groups of people. Economic growth provides more resources and opportunities for human resource development like education, training and healthcare.

The Government of India has launched several anti-poverty programmes like the Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna, Rural Employment Guarantee Programme and Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna which are aimed at generating self-employment opportunities in rural areas.The Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna was launched in 1993 to create self-employment opportunities for educated, unemployed youths in rural areas and small towns. This programme assists such people in setting up small industries and business.The Rural Employment Guarantee Programme launched in 1995 also aims to generate self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna started in 1999 aims at organising poor families into self-help groups and providing them bank loans and government subsidies to start small businesses and industries.

The Antyodaya Anna Yojna was started in 2000 to provide food grains to poor families at subsidised rates. The National Food for Work Programme was launched in 2004 in the 150 most backward districts of the country. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was passed in 2005. This act provides assured employment of 100 days per year to every household in rural areas. One-third of these jobs are reserved for women.A person not provided employment within 15 days of registering under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, is entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.

Human poverty extends beyond the traditional definition of poverty to include lack of housing, education, healthcare, job security, and lack of equal opportunities or dignity, due to discrimination based on caste, colour or gender.India’s future in combating poverty appears bright. Rising economic growth, falling population growth rate, radical schemes for free elementary education for all and empowerment of women and the weaker sections of society, should result in an appreciable reduction of poverty in the years to come.

Anti-p

over

ty

Prog

rammes

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Govt. issued many programmes as follows:-

1.NREGA[National Rural Employment

Guarantee Act]2.NFWP[National Food For Work Programme]

3.PMRY[Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana]

4.REGP[Rural Employment Generation

Programme]5.SGSY[Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar

Yojana]6.PMGY[Pradhan Mantri Gramodya Yojana]

7.AAY[antyodya Ann Yojana]

8.Public Distribution System (PDS)

9.Rashstriya Swasthya Bima Yojana or [RSBY]

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RESU

LTS

..

• The results of these

programmes have been mixed.

one of the major reason of less

EFFECTIVENESS is the lack of

proper implementation and right

targeting. Moreover there has

been a lot of over lapping of

schemes. despite the good

intentions, the benefits are not

fully reached to the deserving

poors.therefore the major

emphasis in recent year is on

the proper monitoring of all the

poverty-alleviation programmes.

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CONC

LUSI

ON…..• We Conclude From The Presentation

That Poverty Is The Biggest

Challenge.• Poors Are Suffering From Very Bad

Conditions.They Had To Suffer A Lot.&

The Main Causes Of This Bad

Condition Are : The

Landlessness,unemloyement,populati

on,illiteracy,malnutrition,child Labour

& Hellessness.• Although Govt. Had Started Many

Anti-poverty Measures,but Still The

Benefits Of These Measures Are Not

Fully Reached To Deserving

Poors.So,we Conclude That There

Should Be Proper Alleviation And

Imlementation Of All Programmes

And Schemes….

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THANK YOU !!