In this presentation
• What is a Research Paper • Who writes them and why • Contents & Structure of Research Papers • Writing Guidelines • Writing Process • Review Guidelines • Publishing Trends • QAs
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Types of Papers
• Research paper • Case report • Concept paper • Review article • Survey paper • Species paper • Technical paper • and so on…
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What is a Research Paper
• Paper that publishes scholarly content based on research performed by an individual or group
• Research Papers are important as they – Claim ownership of content and technological/scientific
developments – Publish information in public domain – Capture information in knowledgebase – Provide authors contact details – Serve as a reference in future
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Research Paper Statistics
21-Feb-13, tcworld India 5 (C) Technowrites Pvt. Ltd. Ref: http://solgelnanophotonics.blogspot.in/2012/01/top-40-countries-by-number-of-research.html
Sample Research Papers
• A look at samples
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Structure of Research Paper
• Title • Authors • Abstract • Keywords • Introduction • Content • Methodology • Details • Discussion • Conclusion 21-Feb-13, tcworld India 7 (C) Technowrites Pvt. Ltd.
• Acknowledgements • Endnotes & Footnotes • Cross-references • Citations
Writing Process
• Follow the writing guidelines • Put together the content • Compose the paper • Define keywords • Review content • Update • Publish (one or more formats)
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IEEE Research Paper Template
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Research Paper Template for A4 Page Size First Author1, Second Author2, Third Author3
1First-Author Department, University, Country 2Second-Author Department, University, Country
3Third-Author Department, University, Country
Abstract— This document gives formatting instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the proceedings of CAMA. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. You can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. Keywords— Include at least 5 keywords or phrases
I. INTRODUCTION This document is a template. An electronic copy can be
downloaded from the conference website. For questions on paper guidelines, please contact the conference publications committee as indicated on the conference website. Information about final paper submission is available from the conference website.
II. PAGE LAYOUT An easy way to comply with the conference paper
formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it.
A. Page Layout Your paper must use a page size corresponding to A4
which is 210mm (8.27") wide and 297mm (11.69") long. The margins must be set as follows:
• Top = 19mm (0.75") • Bottom = 43mm (1.69") • Left = Right = 14.32mm (0.56")
Your paper must be in two column format with a space of 4.22mm (0.17") between columns.
III. PAGE STYLE All paragraphs must be indented. All paragraphs must be
justified, i.e. both left-justified and right-justified.
A. Text Font of Entire Document The entire document should be in Times New Roman or
Times font. Type 3 fonts must not be used. Other font types may be used if needed for special purposes.
Recommended font sizes are shown in Table 1.
B. Title and Author Details Title must be in 24 pt Regular font. Author name must be
in 11 pt Regular font. Author affiliation must be in 10 pt Italic. Email address must be in 9 pt Courier Regular font.
TABLE I FONT SIZES FOR PAPERS
Font Size
Appearance (in Time New Roman or Times) Regular Bold Italic
8 Table caption (in Small Caps), Figure caption, Reference item
Reference item (partial)
9 Author email address (in Courier), Cell in a table
Abstract body
Abstract heading (also in Bold)
10 Level-1 heading (in Small Caps), Paragraph
Level-2 heading, Level-3 heading, Author affiliation
12 Author name 24 Title
All title and author details must be in single-column format
and must be centered. Every word in a title must be capitalized except for short
minor words such as “a”, “an”, “and”, “as”, “at”, “by”, “for”, “from”, “if”, “in”, “into”, “on”, “or”, “of”, “the”, “to”, “with”.
Author details must not show any professional title (e.g. Managing Director), any academic title (e.g. Dr.) or any membership of any professional organization (e.g. Senior Member IEEE).
To avoid confusion, the family name must be written as the last part of each author name (e.g. John A.K. Smith).
Each affiliation must include, at the very least, the name of the company and the name of the country where the author is based (e.g. Causal Productions Pty Ltd, Australia).
Email address is compulsory for the corresponding author.
C. Section Headings No more than 3 levels of headings should be used. All
headings must be in 10pt font. Every word in a heading must be capitalized except for short minor words as listed in Section III-B.
1) Level-1 Heading: A level-1 heading must be in Small Caps, centered and numbered using uppercase Roman numerals. For example, see heading “III. Page Style” of this document. The two level-1 headings which must not be numbered are “Acknowledgment” and “References”.
2) Level-2 Heading: A level-2 heading must be in Italic, left-justified and numbered using an uppercase alphabetic
MLA Style Guide for Research Paper
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• A look at the PDF document of the Modern Language Association Style Guide
Review Guidelines
• Does it follow the template • Does it follow the style guide • Author list & contact details • Captions inserted • Spelling & Grammar Check (Grammarly a good tool) • Units mentioned • Citations mentioned • Plagiarism
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Citation Standards
Popular Styles • American Psychological Association (APA) Style • Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Style • Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Note • Citations could be of papers, websites, personal interview,
YouTube, other online resource • For online resources mention the date you accessed the
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Peer Review
• Done by another scholar • Blind review • Ensures quality content • Checks for plagiarism
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Publishing Formats
• Popular formats – doc – html – pdf – epub
• More than one formats may be used • epubs may be published ahead of the printed copy to claim
intellectual rights
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For more information
• IEEE Web Site http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/index.html
• STC Scientific Communication SIG http://scicomsig.org/ • Step by Step Guide for MLA Style Papers
http://jerz.setonhill.edu/writing/academic1/mla-style-papers/
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Acknowledgements
• Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_papers • Number of Research Papers published by countries
http://solgelnanophotonics.blogspot.in/2012/01/top-40-countries-by-number-of-research.html
• MLA Guidelines http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
• APA Style Guide http://www.apa.org
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Handy tools
• Reference Generators • Harvard reference generator
http://www.neilstoolbox.com/bibliography-creator/ • MLA Reference Generator http://citationproducer.com/mla-
citation/cite/book.html • Plagiarism Checker http://www.neilstoolbox.com/plagiarism-
tester/ • Plagiarism Checker paid tools Viper, Copyscape,
Grammarly, Plagscan • Reference sites Google Scholar, Google Patents
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Course on Coursera
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