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Utilization of Heavy Timber inUtilization of Heavy Timber in Modern Commercial Buildings
Presented By:Scott Lockyear
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This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval orthat may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product Questions related to specificin any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Overview
What is Heavy TimberWhat is Heavy Timber Construction? Building Type Effects Engineered Wood Engineered Wood Decking/Diaphragmsg p g Connections
Why select Timber Framing?
Layton Petro Mart
Why select Timber Framing?
O fl l• Open floor plans• Dramatic vaulted ceilings
What is a Timber Frame?What is a Timber Frame?
•Resistant to Fire•Exposed Wood Members•Lack of Concealed Spaces
Heavy Timber as Defined in the IBC
Guided by IBC section 602 4602.4
Minimum Sizes – Floor Framing
B S tiBeam SupportingFloor Load> 6x10 nominal
Column SupportingFloor Load> 8x8 nominal
f ff ff ’ CPhoto of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center
Arch Sprung From the GroundArches supportingArches supporting roof loadsfrom top of wall shallfrom top of wall shall be > 4x6
Timber Arches supporting roofsupporting roofloads and springing from floor> 6x8 at bottom & 6x6 at top Images Provided by Structural Wood Corporation
Arch Sprung From the Ground
Timber Arches supporting floorTimber Arches supporting floor loads and springing from floor> 8x8 nominal> 8x8 nominal
Minimum Sizes – Roof Framing
Beam SupportingRoof Load> 4x6 nominal
Column SupportingRoof Load> 6x8 nominal> 6x8 nominal
f ff ff ’ CPhoto of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center
Minimum Sizes – Roof Framing
Roof Decking> 2x T&G Deck> 2x T&G Deck> 1-1/8” WSP
Oft 7/16” h thiOften 7/16” sheathing maybe applied over 2x deck
Truss Framing> 4x6
Photo of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center
602.4.7 Exterior structural members – If horizontal
separation of 20 ft is provided, Heavy timber wood
columns and arches permitted externally.
Beams in Rated Assemblies
Photo of Outdoor Store South of Chattanooga by S. Lockyear
Why is Type IV in the code
Historical Practice Fire ResistanceFire Resistance
Photos provided by Structural Wood Corporation
Fire Resistance through Char / Pyrolysis
Chemical change brought about by the action of heat
CHAROCCURS
0AT 280 0C
Trees after 2007 GA Fires
Photo by S. Lockyear
Choosing a Building Type?
Navigating Allowable H & A
Type I: Significant wood restriction
BY ORDER OF H&A ALLOWED
Type II: Significant wood restriction
Type I Type IV
Type III: Minor wood restriction
Type IV Type II
T IIIwood restriction Type IV: Heavy
Timber
Type III V
Timber Type V: Wood
dil ll dreadily allowed
Alternative to Type IV construction
Timber construction is allowed even when it does not meet Type IV constructionit does not meet Type IV construction Type IIIB and VB unprotected construction
Allows for conventionally framed walls or Allows for conventionally framed walls or SIPS
Using Timber w/o Type IV
Type IIIB construction offers:offers: Allowable heights
identical to IIBidentical to IIB Allowable areas
identical to IIBidentical to IIB Exception: IIB > IIIB for B,
F-1, F-2, H-3, H-5, I-2, and I-3
Timber Frame in IIIA or VA construction
IIIA and VA require one hour rated floor and roof assemblies in addition to one toand roof assemblies in addition to one to two hour wall assemblies
√√√
√√√
Achieving one hour equivalency
Common Techniques Additional Design Material Additional Design Material Calculated Fire Endurance
Protecting Steel Connections
DCA 2 EXCERPTS
Why Use Type IV construction?
To take advantage of increased height relative to type II, III, and V.relative to type II, III, and V. Occurs > 50% of time
Type IV offers 1 additional story typically Type IV offers 1 additional story typically relative to Type II and III
TYPE IVA B A B A B HT A B
HGT (FT)
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTIONTYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE V
( )HGT (S) UL 160 65 55 65 55 65 50 40
S UL 11 4 4 4 4 4 3 2A UL UL 24,000 16,000 24,000 16,000 20,500 12,000 7,000S UL 11 3 2 3 2 3 2 1
R‐2
GROUP
S UL 11 3 2 3 2 3 2 1A UL UL 15,500 9,500 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000A‐2
Utilize Height Advantage in Type IV
Balconies and similar projections of combustible construction…..or shall be of
IBC TabulatedHeights up to 5 storiescombustible construction…..or shall be of
Type IV construction in accordance with Section 602.4.with Section 602.4.
Office BuildingQ b QCQuebec, QCDimensions: 65 ft x 170 ftHeight: 6 storeyCompleted: 2009
Why Use Type IV construction?
To incorporate into Type IB and IIA roof systemssystems
Roof Construction
d In all occupancies heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1-hour ord. In all occupancies, heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1 hour or less fire-resistance rating is required.
Balconies in Type III, IV, and VBalconyBalcony
Exterior Wall
Preservatively TreatedWood Beam Top One Hour Wood Beam Top Notched For Balcony Floor Assembly
Type IV Applications – Gas Station Canopies
406.5.2 Canopies - Shall be of noncombustible materials, fire-retardant-treated wood complyingmaterials, fire retardant treated wood complying with Chapter 23, wood of Type IV sizes or of construction providing 1-hour fire resistance.
Combustible materials used in or on a canopy shall comply with one of the following: 1. Shielded from the pumps by a
noncombustible element of the canopy, or d f T IV iwood of Type IV sizes;
Type IV Applications – Gas Station Canopies
406.5.2 Canopies - Shall be of noncombustible materials, fire-retardant-treated wood complyingmaterials, fire retardant treated wood complying with Chapter 23, wood of Type IV sizes or of construction providing 1-hour fire resistance.
Combustible materials used in or on a canopy shall comply with one of the following: 1. Shielded from the pumps by a
noncombustible element of the canopy, or d f T IV iwood of Type IV sizes;
Kiaweh Island, SC
Using Wood In Georgia Schools
Heavy Timber as Defined in Section 602 of the IBC may be usedof the IBC may be used. Example Project;
C Fayetteville, NC 110,000sf Heavy Timber Roof System
photo by B. Lindsey
Using Wood In Georgia Schools
Heavy Timber as Defined in Section 602 of the IBC may be usedof the IBC may be used. Example Project;
C Fayetteville, NC 110,000sf Heavy Timber Roof System
photo by B. Lindsey
Beams in Rated Assemblies
QUIZ TIMEIs this allowed in a IIA building?Jack Daniel’s Distillery
photo by S. Lockyear
What about Engineered Lumber Products?
Glued Laminated Timber Structural Composite Lumber
Equivalent Glued Laminated Net Size Engineered Wood Beams – Glulam & Structural Composite Lumber
Glued Laminated Beams
•Available in:•Framing/Industrial Grades IntendedGrades – Intended for non-exposed conditions.•Architectural –Intended for exposed members.members.•Premium Grade also available
Glulam Appearance Grades – AITC 110
Glued Laminated Beams
•Available in:•Framing/Industrial Grades IntendedGrades – Intended for non-exposed conditions.•Architectural –Intended for exposed members.members.•Premium Grade also available
Multi-Ply ColumnsOK for Unprotected C t tiConstruction
Multi Ply is ≠ Solid Section Multi-Ply is ≠ Solid Section for Minimum Sizes Gainesville Veterinary Clinic
photo by S. Lockyear
Tongue and Groove Decking
Racine Wisconsin Hotelphoto by S. Lockyear
T&G Decking Considerations
Span ConfigurationsConfigurations Tongue & Grooved
vs Splinedvs. Splined Wood Species Grade of Wood Diaphragm DesignDiaphragm Design
Racine Wisconsin Hotel photo by S. Lockyear
Diaphragm Options
Horizontally applied tongue and groove deckingdecking Diagonally applied tongue and groove
deckingdecking Wood Structural Panel Sheathing
Tongue and Groove Decking
STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALFRAMING
T&G DECKING
WSP may beapplied fordiaphragm design
Tongue and Groove Decking
STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALFRAMING
T&G DECKING
Tongue and Groove Decking
Decking Choices - SimpleSPANSPAN
LENGTHBOARD
Decking Choices - ContinuousSPAN
LENGTH BOARD
Decking Choices – Cantilevered Pieces Decking Spans
Controlled Random Layup 2 inch Decking
Timber Connections Connection Options
BoltedMortis & TenonTimber Rivets
S lit Ri & Sh Pl tSplit Rings & Shear Plates
Connection OptionsBolted Connections Split Rings
Shear Plates Timber Rivet
Other Joint SystemOther Joint System JOINERYJOINERY
HALF-LAP DOVETAIL COLLAR TIEHALF-LAP DOVETAIL COLLAR TIECOMMON RAFTERS AT RIDGECOMMON RAFTERS AT RIDGE
JOINERYJOINERY
RAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTIONRAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTIONRAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTIONRAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTION
ExamplesImage provided by SWS
NFPA 1961 test Witnessed by 80 code officials and insurance
representatives Steel bar joist and solid sawn wood exposed
to fire.
Murchison Performing Arts Center$17,000,000 – 77,000sf$17,000,000 – 77,000sf
Murchison Performing Arts CenterNorth Denton, TX
Murchison Performing Arts Center
Seating 1,10098’ S 98’ Span
SWS AL supplied glulamglulam
" l l t t l "glulam structural members were structurallystructurally, aesthetically, and economically theymaterial of choice."
Image provided by SWS
Examples
NFPA 1961 test Witnessed by 80 code officials and insurance
representatives Steel bar joist and solid sawn wood exposed
to fire.
Architects: KVG Gideon Toal and Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer AssociatesArchitects: KVG Gideon Toal and Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer AssociatesHolzman Pfeiffer AssociatesEngineers: Frese & Nichools, Inc.Contractor: Huber, Hunt and Nichols Inc.
Holzman Pfeiffer AssociatesEngineers: Frese & Nichools, Inc.Contractor: Huber, Hunt and Nichols Inc.
Great Wolf Lodge Resort located in Concord NC is a $70 million 470 000 squareGreat Wolf Lodge Resort, located in Concord, NC, is a $70 million, 470,000 square foot complex. It will contain 402 hotel guest units, a 90,000 square foot indoor water park, and a 20,000 square foot convention center.
Kraemer Brothers, LLC of Plain, WI has contracted with Universal Forest Products to provide and install all rough carpentry, wood trusses, and fiber cement siding. David Boyce (E285 – Dallas, NC) is the account manager for the $6.7 million turn-key project Dan Chaney is coordinating all efforts with David Boyce as Generalproject. Dan Chaney is coordinating all efforts with David Boyce as General Manager of Operations in Dallas.
The project started in November 2007 and is expected to be complete in March 2009 I b i ti l i f t i f b ildi2009. Image above is a partial view of west wing of building.
Heavy Timber Roof
Focal point is heavy timber framework at entry core area and water park.
Photo by Universal Forest ProductsPhoto by Universal Forest Products
• Large Roof With Structural Panels
Photo by Universal Forest Products
Glued Laminated Beams with T&G
Photo by Universal Forest Products
YMCA Fitness CenterIn corrosive chlorine environment wood is a popular choice.
Anaheim Ice Arena
116’ Span Anaheim Ice Arena
6,000 sf Building Expansion
Architect – Eric Owen MossSupplier StructurlamSupplier – StructurlamEngineer - Englekirk Partners ConsultingStructural Engineers IncStructural Engineers, Inc.
Hayden Warehouse
Glulam span – 16 -52’
5-1/8 to 6-3/4” wide9 t 30” d9 to 30” deep
12’ o.c.
2x rafters 16” o.c.
Hayden Warehouse ReviewWhat is Heavy Timber
Construction?Construction? Building Type EffectsBuilding Type Effects Engineered Wood Decking/Diaphragms Connections Connections Projectsojects
Technical Resources Technical Resources - www.timberframe.org
Technical Resources - www.tfguild.org/ American Wood Council - www.awc.org
Make Your Next Building a Top Ten Candidate
QuestionsQ
S tt L kScott LockyearWoodWorks
Phone: 615 439 0624