Wireless power transmission
Presented byDevasmita Mishra1005231013EC 3rd yrIET Lko
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 2
What is WPT?The transmission of energy from
source to electrical load without using man made conductors.
Conventional energy transfer is using wires
It is generally used where laying of wires is hazardous,inconvinient or impossible
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 3
Why not wires? As per studies, most electrical
energy transfer is through wires. Most of the energy loss is during
transmission• On an average, more than 30%• In India, it exceeds 40%
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 4
Why WPT?
ReliableEfficientFastLow maintenance costCan be used for short-range or long-range.
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 5
Energy CouplingThe transfer of energy can take
place through inductive coupling.Simplest Wireless Energy
coupling is a transformer
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 6
Types and Technologies of WPTNear-field techniques
Inductive CouplingResonant Inductive CouplingAir Ionization
Far-field techniquesMicrowave Power Transmission
(MPT)LASER power transmission
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 7
Near fieldElectric field produced by charge
distribution has a different character than those produced by changing magnetic fields.
In regions very close to current & charge separation, EM field is dominated by electric & magnetic components produced directly by current & charge separation.
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 8
Far fieldIn regions far away from
conductor ,EM fields is dominated by electric & magnetic field produced by change in other types of fields.
It is the common electromagnetic radiation phenomenon.
Far field region is not affected by changes in current & voltage at EM source.
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 9
Inductive coupling Change in current through one
wire induces a voltage across the ends of the other wire through electromagnetic induction.
Amount of inductive coupling is measured through mutual inductance
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 10
Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)Combination of inductive coupling and
resonanceResonance transfer works by making a coil
ring with oscillating current.When a second coil is brought near it ,the coil
can pick up a large amount of energy from it.
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 11
RIC vs. inductive couplingRIC is highly efficientRIC has much greater range than
inductive couplingRIC is directional when compared
to inductive couplingRIC can be one-to-many. But
usually inductive coupling is one-to-one
Devices using RIC technique are highly portable
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 12
Air IonizationToughest technique
under near-field energy transfer techniques
Air ionizes only when there is a high field
Needed field is 2.11MV/m
Natural example: Lightening
Not feasible for practical implementation
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 13
Advantages of near-field techniquesNo wiresNo e-wasteNeed for battery is
eliminatedEfficient energy
transfer using RICHarmless, if field
strengths under safety levels
Maintenance cost is less
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 14
DisadvantagesDistance constraintField strengths have to be under
safety levelsInitial cost is highIn RIC, tuning is difficultHigh frequency signals must be
the supplied.Air ionization technique is not
feasible
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 15
Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Transfers high power from one
place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually
Steps:◦Electrical energy to microwave
energy◦Capturing microwaves using
rectenna◦Microwave energy to electrical
energy
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 16
RectennaStands for rectifying antennaConsists of mesh of dipoles and
diodesUsually multi-element phased
arrayMicrowaves are received with
almost 85% efficiency.
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 17
Rectenna in USRectenna in US receives 5000MW
of power from Solar power satellites.
It is about one and a half mile long
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 18
LASER transmissionUsed for radiations closer to visible
regions (10s um to 10s nm)Power can be transmitted by
converting electricity into a laser beam that is then pointed on a cell receiver.
This method is generally known as power beaming
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 19
Advantages of LASERCollimated monochromatic wave
front propagation allows narrow beam cross-section area for energy transmission over large ranges.
Compact size of solid state lasers-photovoltaic semiconductor diodes fit into small products.
No radio-frequency interference to existing radio communication such as Wi-Fi and cell phones.
Control of access; only receivers illuminated by the laser receive power.
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 20
Disadvantages of LASERLaser radiation is hazardous, even at low power
levels it can blind people and animals, and at high power levels it can kill through localized spot heating
Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is inefficient
Conversion back into electricity is inefficient, with photovoltaic cells achieving 40%–50% efficiency. (Note that conversion efficiency is rather higher with monochromatic light than with insolation of solar panels).
Atmospheric absorption, and absorption and scattering by clouds, fog, rain, etc., causes losses, which can be as high as 100% loss
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 21
Advantages of far-field energy transferEfficientEasyNeed for grids, substations etc
are eliminatedLow maintenance costMore effective when the
transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sight
Can reach the places which are remote
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 22
Disadvantages of far-field energy transferNeeds line-of-sightInitial cost is highWhen LASERs are used,
◦conversion is inefficient◦Absorption loss is high
When microwaves are used, ◦interference may arise
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 23
ApplicationsNear-field energy transfer
◦ Electric automobile charging Static and moving
◦ Consumer electronics◦ Industrial purposes
Harsh environment
Far-field energy transfer◦ Solar Power Satellites◦ Energy to remote areas◦ Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 24
ConclusionTransmission without wires- a realityEfficientLow maintenance cost. But, high initial
costBetter than conventional wired
transferEnergy crisis can be decreasedLow loss In near future, world will be
completely wireless
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 25
References S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,”
Wireless power transmission – a next generation power transmission system”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1 – No. 13)
Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy, September 2009
C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and Charging Pad”
David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010
Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless Sensors”
Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, Chunlai Yu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008
04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 26
THANK YOU!
Recommended