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INDIANECONOMY
Prepared By:AnkitaGeetikaManeetKanchiAshutoshPraveen
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India Economic factsGDP is$1.85 trillion; worlds 10th largest economy in
terms of GDP.
Economic liberalization began in 1991;continues at slow
pace. India is now Integrating with global markets.
Since 1990s,the middle class has grown and poverty levelshas fallen.
Tariffs are still among the worlds highest.(average 22%)
Challenges ahead: reduce poverty, accelerate pace of
reform, upgrade infrastructure. Indias successes: IT, Pharma & biotech, telecom, science
and technology.
Two way U.S India trade tops $25 billion a year, was $10
billion in 1997.
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Child labour and Women Corruption
Rural-Urban Migration Empowerment
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WHAT IS CORRUPTION ?
Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for privategain. This is the working definition used byTransparency International (TI), applying to both thepublic and private sectors.
In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in
Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions
Index, where as China is at 80th ,Pakistan is at 139th .
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CAUSES OF CORRUPTION Lack of effective management and organization of
administrative mechanism.
Lack of economic stability. Lack of effective political leadership.
Diminishing values in the society.
Diminishing patriotism. Lack of awareness about policies and procedures.
Low literacy rate.
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CONSEQUENCES OFCORRUPTION
Derail countrys credibility and economic
stability.
Loss of National wealth
Hindrance and obstruction in development
It give birth to hoarding and creates artificial
shortage leading to price rise Rise in terrorism and crimes
Rise in suicide cases
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INDIAN BLACK MONEY Black money refers to funds earned on the
black market, on which income and other taxes
has not been paid.
The total amount of black money deposited in
foreign banks by Indians is unknown, but one
estimate by R Vaidyanathan, a Professor ofFinance, estimated the total at over Rs
7,280,000 Crores
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KPMG India surveyed leading Indian
companies to keep a check on sentiment and
perception of how corruption is corrodingeconomy as well as corporate environment.
Over 2/3rd of the survey respondents perceive
that India can touch 9% GDP growth ifcorruption is controlled.
Survey conducted by
KPMG in 2011
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IMPACT OF CORRUPTIONON INDIAS GDP GROWTH
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IMPACT OF CORRUPTION
ON BUSINESS
Nearly 37% of respondents felt that corruption
could impact the valuation of a company
thereby denying shareholders a fair price.
Real-estate industry has remained as the mostcorrupt industry, as told by 32% respondents
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PERCEPTION OF MOST
CORRUPT INDUSTRIES
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IS INDIA A POOR COUNTRY..??
Is India poor, who says? Ask Swiss banks With
personal account deposit bank of $1500 billion in
foreign reserve which have been misappropriated, an
amount 13 times larger than the countrys foreign
debt, one needs to rethink if India is a poor country?
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SUGGESTIONS
Lokpal Bill Implementation (Introduced since 1968).
Anti-corruption police and courts.
Rigorous punishments
Anti- corruption websites.
Anti- corruption Organizations.
Self determination of not to give bribe.
Awareness and campaigns through medias, social networking
sites, road shows etc.
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WHAT IS CHILD LABOR Work by children that harm them either physically,
mentally, morally, or by blocking their access to
education.
Children living in poorest household and in rural areasare mostly likely to be engaged in child labor
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How many are there
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WHERE DO CHILD LABORERSEXISTS
percentage
Agriculture(52%)construction(15.5%)
cleaning(7%)
begging(1%)
car washing(12%)
shoe polishing(20%)
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IMPACT ON ECONOMYFamilypoverty
Exploitative childlabor
Poor wages andinadequateeducationstandardDeterioratingstandard ofliving
Adultunemployment
Low level ofunionization
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CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR ININDIA POVERTY THE MAIN REASON FOR CHILD
LABOR.
FATALIST ATTITUDE OF THE POOR TOWARDS
LIFE. HIGH POPULATION LEADING TO BREAK NECK
COMPETITION FOR JOBS
ILLETERACY AND LACK OF EDUCATION.
IRRESPONSIBLE ATTITUDE OF EMPLOYERS.
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SOLUTIONS Elimination of poverty.
Free and compulsoryeducation.
Proper and strictimplementation of thelabour laws.
Abolishment of childtrafficking .
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WOMENEMPOWERMENT
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INTRODUCTION Empowerment refers to The process by which the
powerless gains greater control over the circumstances of
their lives
So women empowerment is that process in which women
gets equal controll over the situations and the resources
through developing Self Confidence and ability to make
decisions.
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CAUSES OF POOR CONDITION OFWOMEN
Malnutrition
Overwork
Powerless Unskilled
Poor health
Lack of educationMistreatment
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Economicempowerment
Economy
Industry
Povertyeradication
Selfreliance
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SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT OFWOMEN Education:- Special measures should be taken to eliminate discrimination
and universalize education, eradicate illiteracy, create a gender sensitive
educational curricula, increase enrolment and retention rates of the girls,
improve quality of education for lifelong learning as well as development of
occupation/ vocational/technical skills of women.
Special focus on the girls and women particularly of the weaker section of
the society should be given.
l h N i l d hi l f IMR d MMR i NPP
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Health:- National demographic goals for IMR and MMR are set out in NPP
2000. They should have equal access to comprehensive affordable and quality
healthcare.
Have safe, effective, and affordable method of family planning of their choices.
The needs to address the issues of early marriages and spacing in the children,
compulsory registration of marriage and elimination of child marriages should
be the main agenda.
Violence against the women:- All forms of violence against a women either physicalor mental at domestic or societal level including those arising from customs, traditions
or accepted practices should be strongly dealt with through effective measures so as toeliminate its incidences.
Rights of a girl child:- Strict enforcement of laws against prenatal sex determinationand selection, practice of female feticide, female infanticide, child marriage, child
abuse and child prostitution etc. removal of discrimination in the treatment of the
girl child within the family and outside.
Projection of a positive image of the girl child should be actively fostered.
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This recognition is currently missing in India.Transforming the prevailing social discrimination against
women must become the top priority, and must happen
concurrently with increased direct action to rapidly
improve the social and economic status of women. Inthis way, a synergy of progress can be achieved.
CONCLUSION
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RURAL-URBANMIGRATION
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MIGRATION
Migration: It is the movement of people fromone geographical location to another, involving
permanent or temporary settlement.
Source region: The region which people areleaving.
Destination region: The region to which peopleare entering.
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RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION
Rural-urban migration: It is the movement ofpeople from rural areas (villages) to urban
centers (cities).
The urban centers are increasing in population,
in while the rural areas are decreasing
population.
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ISNT IT IS A SOCIOECONOMIC PROBLEM ?
It is the major contributing factor to the
ubiquitous phenomenon of urban surplus
labour and as a force which continues to
exacerbate already serious urbanunemployment problems.
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CAUSES OF RURAL - URBANMIGRATION
Business
Opportunities
Employment
Opportunities
Better
Technologies
Social
Stability
Political
Stability
Education
Better Wages
Causes
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EFFECTS OF RURAL - URBANMIGRATION
Unemployment rate increases.
Straining the resources of government.
Pressure on urban housing and environment.
Overpopulation encourages and raise rate of
crime in society.
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RECOMMENDATIONS Infrastructural, economic, social, physical, cultural etc
improvements in rural areas; as people in the rural areasare mostly attracted to the lifestyles of the urban dwellers.
Government should strive to provide social amenities and
facilities in the rural areas. Government should also provide jobs for the citizens in
the rural areas.
Vocational training centers should be established in therural centers for training of the productive youths for self
employment. Those youths that passed out of the Vocational training
centers should be given micro-loans as a start-up capital.
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Year Child Labour as reported by Census 2010
1971 10753985
1981 13640870
1991 11285349
2001
12666377
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Projected Population (In Thousands, 000)
2007 2010 2016
Projected Population of India, States/UTs by Sex as on 1St March
2007, 2010 and 2016
Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
India 1131043583859 547184 1180409 608706 571703 1274939 655824 619115
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CONCLUSION
Elections do not necessarily produce good governance and thepeaceful resolution of political conflicts in a country and it is
clear that we need to address the social, economic issues in
cultural and historical context.
Women are living in the society which are highly influenced by
traditions, ideology and customs that keep them away from
equality. Women from marginalized community suffer more,
especially the dalits
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There may be a large upper class and a growing middle-class
emerging but there still remains a base of 600 million whose basic
needs are not being met
Educated, middle and upper classes need to be encouraged to
invest in the rural population of India
Unification between Indian states
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Now you have a generation of young, urban Indians who are asuncomprehending of that other India as any Westerner. Theyhave lost the language to be able to communicate with each other.
They've become a different species.
Arundhati Roy, Author