Water Pollution in pakistan
Prepared by : Arjmand Muneer
Water Resources in the world
Water Pollution Water pollution is any chemical, biological, or physical change in
water quality that has a harmful effect on living organism or makeswater unsuitable for desired uses.
Use of Water Resources in PakistanPAKISTAN
93%
5% 2%
1
2
3
1. Agriculture2. Industry3. Domestic/public
Types
Surface water pollution > found on the exterior of the Earth's crust, oceans,
rivers and lakes
Groundwater Pollution>found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers
Types
Microbiological pollution >microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that can cause illness to land animals and humans
Oxygen Depletion pollution >microorganisms that in water and feeds on
biodegradable substances
Sources of water pollution
• Municipal Sewage/household• Drinking Water Supply Lines Conditions• Industrial Water Pollution• Agriculture Water Pollution
1. Municipal SewageAbout 2,000 million gallons of sewage is being discharged to
surface water bodies every day in Pakistan (Pak-SCEA 2006)
RESULT:• NCS states that 40% of death
are related to water born diseases
2. Drinking Water Supply Lines ConditionsWater is contaminated with:• Lead• Cyanides• Mercury• Hospital waste• Pharma waste
Only 10% of collected sewage is effectively treated
3. Industrial Water PollutionMajor Industrial Contributors to Water Pollution in Pakistan• Petrochemicals• Paper and pulp• Food processing• Sugar • Textile• Cement• Fertilizer
produce more than 80% of the total industrial Waste
• Tanneries• It may take hundreds or even
thousands of years for pollutants such as toxic metals from the tanneries to be flushed out of a contaminated aquifer
• In Pakistan, only 1% of wastewater is treated by industries before being discharged directly into rivers and drains
INDUSTRIAL WASTES PER CITY• In K.P, 80,000 m3 of industrial effluents containing a very high level of
pollutants are discharged every day into the river Kabul• In Karachi, Sindh Industrial Trading Estate (SITE) and Korangi
Industrial and Trading Estate (KITE), two of the biggest industrial estates in Pakistan, there is no effluent treatment plant and the waste containing hazardous materials, heavy metals, oil etc. is discharged into rivers.• In Multan, a fertilizer factory discharges its waste untreated to
cultivated land causing death of livestock and increasing health risk to humans. (WB-CWRAS Paper 8, 2005)
• In Lahore, only 3 out of some 100 industries using hazardous chemicals treat their wastewater. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in water courses receiving these wastes are as high as 800mg/l and Mercury levels over 5 mg/l• In Faisalabad, one of the biggest industrial cities, there is little
segregation of domestic and industrial wastes
4. Agriculture
• Fertilizers(nitrates and phosphates)• Pesticide
5. Others sources
• Bacteria from sewage or livestock operation• Petroleum hydrocarbons like Diesel, Gasoline, Jet fuel, Motor oil,
Detergents
EFFECTS
Effects on Humans 40% deaths in Pakistan
annually Diseases caused by:
Drinking contaminated water
Swimming in polluted water
Contact with chemically polluted water
Effects on EnvironmentToxic water
Thermal heating
Our sources of
water
Effects on Animals 200 turtles in Australia’s surround
waters die each year
Effects on Animals 200 turtles in Australia’s surround
waters die each year
SOLUTIONSa. Nonpoint Sources
• Reduce runoffInfiltration trenches, FOR Lawns,Use Filters
• Buffer zone vegetation land near lack
• Reduce soil erosionFiltration plants
b. POINT SOURCES
• Pakistan’s Environmental Protection Act.• Environment protection agency
should monitor investigate and control pollution
• National Drinking Water Policy• Ensure water quality standards
Water treatment plants
What You Can Do
Turn off running water
Be cautious of what you flush down your sink and toilet
Fertilize correctly
Participate in a clean up
Join a special society devoted to the prevention of water pollution
Spread awareness
THANK YOU!!!