VISUALIZATIONWHY WE NEED SYNCHROPHASOR
TECHNOLOGY IN OPERATIONS
John Ballance – EPGPresented to ERCOT Phasor Technology
Workshop – November 16, 2012
Lessons Learned from Major Blackouts
Lack of Wide Area View
Lack of Situational Awareness
− Health of the Grid
Lack of Time-synchronized and High Resolution Data
System Models Inaccurate and Inadequate
WECC August 10, 1996 Event
TOTAL WECC IMPACTS
Load Lost 30,489 MW
Generation Lost 27,269 MW
Customers Affected 7.49 Million
Outage Time Up to 9 Hours
Inaccurate Dynamic ModelsWECC 1996 Breakup
2003 Italy Blackout
Transmission line between Italy and Switzerland trips, storm related
Event starts a cascading event and the loss of all transmission lines into Italy
56 million people impacted for up to 12 hours
2003 Italy Blackout
Transmission line between Italy and Switzerland trips, storm related
Event starts a cascading event and the loss of all transmission lines into Italy
56 million people impacted for up to 12 hours
EI August 14, 2003 Blackout
Outage Impact
Load Lost 61,800 MW
Generation Lost 55,000 MW (508 Units)
Customers Affected 50 Million
Outage Time Few hours up to 2 weeks
Cost $7-14 Billion
EI August 14, 2003 Blackout
Note: Angles are based on data from blackout investigation. Angle reference is Browns Ferry.
115 degrees
Cleveland Separation
Phase Angles Diverged Prior
To Blackout
12 degrees
3:05 pm
25 degrees3:30 pm
45 degrees
4:10 pm
EU November 4, 2006 Outage
Poorly planned 400 kV transmission outage led to a cascading event System could not withstand an N-1 event Outage impacted 15 million European households Full restoration in 2 hours
Sept. 8, 2011 Pacific Southwest OutageImpacted Area
Customers Impacted – 2.7 Million
Load Interrupted – 7,835 MW
Generation Lost – 6,982 MW
Customer Outage Time – 6 to 12 hrs.
Path 44 MW Flow
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
15:25:00 15:30:00 15:35:00 15:40:00
Time
Pat
h 4
4 M
W
Path 44 Rating
System Separation Limit
Event Starts – 15:27:39
Blackout – 15:38:38
CFE Gen Trip
IID Transformer Trip
APS Tie Trip
IID Tie Trip
CFE Gen Trip
SCE-SDG&E Tie Trip
Based on Preliminary Data
Sept. 8, 2011 Pacific Southwest Outage Loading on SCE-SDG&E Tie
JULY 31, 2012 – OUTAGE IN INDIA
JULY 31, 2012 – OUTAGE IN INDIACustomers Impacted – 600 Million
Load Interrupted – 48,000 MW
Outage Time – 2 to 8 hrs.
There were forty six (46) 400 kV and 765 kV line outages prior to event in the NR, ER and WR
Impacted Areas
Industry Drivers and Challenges for Grid Operations
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Renewable Performance Standards
Transmission Siting and Project Delays Operating Challenge - Greater stress on the transmission system -- need
for new technologies and real time tools
– Situational Awareness – Monitor the health of the grid and its dynamic performance in real time
– Wide area visualization - Common information and displays and time synchronized data – available simultaneously to multiple control rooms
– Monitoring key metrics - High resolution monitoring of grid performance metrics and dynamics
NERC Perspective on Synchrophasor Technology
Synchrophasor technology has significant reliability benefits – Operational Monitoring – Wide Area Visualization– Bulk Power System Control– System Analysis and Planning– Smart Grid Integration
Potential to improve operational planning and control room operations
NERC GOAL Move phasor technology into mainstream of industry
acceptance and use
Remarks at NASPI Oct 5, 2010
Value of Phasor Technology
Wide Area Real Time Situational Awareness
− Monitor Health of the Grid, Prevent Blackouts, Reduce Blackout Footprint, Enable Faster Recovery
Real Time Monitoring and Visualization of Grid Metrics
Time-synchronized and High Resolution Data – Monitor Grid Dynamics in Real Time
Improve Planning Models and State Estimators
ERCOT – Phasor Network
Questions?