Verbs are “action words”Verbs are “action words”
• In the beginning God CREATED In the beginning God CREATED the heavens and the earththe heavens and the earth
• And the earth WAS without form And the earth WAS without form and voidand void
• God SAID, “Let there BE light.”God SAID, “Let there BE light.”
NounNoun VerbVerb%l,m%l,m
,,%l;m%l;m
''rBeDrBeDii
rb'D'rb'D'jp;v'jp;v'
jP'v.jP'v.mimi
• Person (1Person (1stst, 2, 2ndnd, 3, 3rdrd))
• Gender (Masculine, feminine, or Gender (Masculine, feminine, or common)common)
• Number (Singular or plural)Number (Singular or plural)
• StemsStems
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
Active Voice
QalQal
““He killed”He killed”
““He was He was killed”killed”
HithpaelHithpael““He killed He killed himself”himself”
PielPiel““He He
murdered”murdered”
PualPual““He was He was
murdered”murdered”
HiphilHiphil““He caused He caused to murder”to murder”
HophalHophal““He was He was
caused to caused to murder”murder”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
““He was He was killed”killed”
““He killed He killed himself”himself”
““He He murdered”murdered”
““He was He was murdered”murdered”
““He caused He caused to murder”to murder”
““He was He was caused to caused to murder”murder”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
““He killed He killed himself”himself”
““He He murdered”murdered”
““He was He was murdered”murdered”
““He caused He caused to murder”to murder”
““He was He was caused to caused to murder”murder”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
l[;p.l[;p.nInI
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
““He killed He killed himself”himself”
““He was He was murdered”murdered”
““He caused He caused to murder”to murder”
““He was He was caused to caused to murder”murder”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
l[;p.l[;p.nInI
l[ePil[ePi
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
““He killed He killed himself”himself”
““He caused He caused to murder”to murder”
““He was He was caused to caused to murder”murder”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
l[;p.l[;p.nInI
l[ePil[ePi
l[;Pul[;Pu
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
““He killed He killed himself”himself”
““He was He was caused to caused to murder”murder”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
l[;p.l[;p.nInI
l[ePil[ePi
l[;Pul[;Pu
ly[iply[ip.hi.hi
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
““He killed He killed himself”himself”
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
l[;p.l[;p.nInI
l[ePil[ePi
l[;Pul[;Pu
ly[iply[ip.hi.hi
l[;p.l[;p.h'h'
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lq;lq;
l[eP;l[eP;t.hit.hi
l[;p.l[;p.nInI
l[ePil[ePi
l[;Pul[;Pu
ly[iply[ip.hi.hi
l[;p.l[;p.h'h'
NiphalNiphalPassive Voice
Reflexive Voice
QalQalActive Voice
PualPual
HithpaelHithpael
PielPiel
HophalHophal
HiphilHiphil
Simple Simple ActionAction
Intensive Intensive ActionAction
Causative Causative ActionAction
lj;q'lj;q'
lJeq;lJeq;t.hit.hi
lj;q.lj;q.nInI
lJeqilJeqi
lJeqlJequu
lyjiqlyjiq.hi.hilj;q.lj;q.h'h'
• Aspect (tense)Aspect (tense)– Perfect: Completed actionPerfect: Completed action
– Imperfect: Incomplete or progressive Imperfect: Incomplete or progressive actionaction
• CommandsCommands– Cohortative: “Let us praise the Lord!”Cohortative: “Let us praise the Lord!”
– Imperative: “You praise the Lord!”Imperative: “You praise the Lord!”
– Jussive: “He shall praise the Lord!”Jussive: “He shall praise the Lord!”
• InfinitivesInfinitives– Infinitive Construct: “To praise is good.”Infinitive Construct: “To praise is good.”
– Infinitive Absolute: EmphasisInfinitive Absolute: Emphasis• Emphasis (“You will Emphasis (“You will indeedindeed praise…”) praise…”)• Imperative (Imperative (PraisePraise the Lord) the Lord)• Contemporaneous action (“Praising he Contemporaneous action (“Praising he
praised…”)praised…”)
• Participle (“the praising man”)Participle (“the praising man”)
lk;a'lk;a'
EatEat
rm;a'rm;a'
He saidHe said
%l;h'%l;h'
Go, walkGo, walk
hy"h'hy"h'
He wasHe was
hy"h'hy"h'
Whbow" Whto Whbow" Whto ht'y>h' ht'y>h'
#r<a'h'w> #r<a'h'w>
ac'y"ac'y"
Go out, Go forthGo out, Go forth
bv;y"bv;y"
Sit down, remain, dwellSit down, remain, dwell
!t;n"!t;n"
GiveGive
hf'['hf'['
Do, makeDo, make
ha'r' ha'r'
SeeSee
tb;v' tb;v'
Stop, restStop, rest
[m;v' [m;v'
HearHear
!Ara] !Ara]
Ark, chestArk, chest
hx'n>hx'n>mimi
Gift, offeringGift, offering
hx'n>hx'n>mimi
So it came about in the course of So it came about in the course of time that Cain brought an time that Cain brought an
offeringoffering to the LORD of the fruit to the LORD of the fruit of the ground (Genesis 4:3).of the ground (Genesis 4:3).
hx'n>hx'n>mimi
So he spent the night there. Then he So he spent the night there. Then he selected from what he had with him a selected from what he had with him a
presentpresent for his brother Esau for his brother Esau (Genesis 32:14).(Genesis 32:14).
tB'v;tB'v;
SabbathSabbath
%a;%a;
Only, surely, neverthelessOnly, surely, nevertheless
la;la;
No, notNo, not
~ai~ai
IfIf
al{al{
No, notNo, not
But a mist used to rise from the But a mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole surface earth and water the whole surface
of the ground (Genesis 2:6).of the ground (Genesis 2:6).
dadaee
B Only used here and in Job 36:27
For He draws up the drops of water,For He draws up the drops of water,They distill rain from the They distill rain from the mistmist (Job (Job 36:27 NAS)36:27 NAS)
But a mist used to rise from the But a mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole surface earth and water the whole surface
of the ground (Genesis 2:6).of the ground (Genesis 2:6).
dadaee
B Only used here and in Job 36:27
He draws up the drops of water, which distill as rain to the streams (Job 36:27 NIV)(Job 36:27 NIV)
But a mist used to rise from the But a mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole surface earth and water the whole surface
of the ground (Genesis 2:6).of the ground (Genesis 2:6).
dadaee
B Only used here and in Job 36:27
…but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground--(Genesis 2:6 NIV)(Genesis 2:6 NIV)
But a mist used to rise from the But a mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole surface earth and water the whole surface
of the ground (Genesis 2:6).of the ground (Genesis 2:6).
dadaee
B Only used here and in Job 36:27
LXX renders this , “spring LXX renders this , “spring of water”of water”
phghphgh..
But a mist used to rise from the But a mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole surface earth and water the whole surface
of the ground (Genesis 2:6).of the ground (Genesis 2:6).
dadaee
B Only used here and in Job 36:27
Possibly related to Akkadian word Possibly related to Akkadian word eduedu or the Sumerian or the Sumerian eidueidu meaning meaning “floodwaters.”“floodwaters.”