VACCINATIONVACCINATIONACTIVE IMMUNIZATION ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
Jana DáňováJana DáňováThird Faculty of Medicine
Dept. of Epidemiology
PASSIVE IMMUNITYPASSIVE IMMUNITY
Pasive immunity attained naturallyPasive immunity attained naturally transplacentar transfer of antibodies from transplacentar transfer of antibodies from
mother to childmother to child duration 2-6 monthduration 2-6 month
Pasive immunity attained artificiallyPasive immunity attained artificially application of specific protective antibodiesapplication of specific protective antibodies heterologous and homologous heterologous and homologous
immunoglobulinsimmunoglobulins
PASSIVE IMMUNIZATIONPASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
application of antibodies – specific application of antibodies – specific immunoglobulins immunoglobulins
application after exposure to the infectionapplication after exposure to the infection
profylactic applicationprofylactic application
therapeutic applicationtherapeutic application
ACTIVE IMMUNITYACTIVE IMMUNITY
Active immunity attained naturallyActive immunity attained naturally after apparent or inapparent infectionafter apparent or inapparent infection duration depents on type of inf.agentduration depents on type of inf.agent
Active immunity attained artificiallyActive immunity attained artificially after application of vaccinesafter application of vaccines persistence of antibodies depents on the persistence of antibodies depents on the
type of a vaccinetype of a vaccine
VACCINATIONACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
PRIMARY PREVENTIONPRIMARY PREVENTION
HISTORY OF VACCINATIONHISTORY OF VACCINATION
1796 - Edward Jenner - vaccination against smallpox (variola) 1885 - Louis Pasteur - vaccination against rabies
VACCINEVACCINE
containes antigen of one or more containes antigen of one or more microorganisms and after application microorganisms and after application
to human or animal body causes to human or animal body causes antibody response – active antibody response – active
immunizationimmunization
TYPES OF VACCINESTYPES OF VACCINES
according methods of preparationaccording methods of preparation live attenuated inactivated (killed) anatoxin (toxoid) split and subunit polysaccharide synthetic
CORRECT TECHNIC OF CORRECT TECHNIC OF VACCINATIONVACCINATION
application of appropriate vaccineapplication of appropriate vaccine
excluding of exspire vaccineexcluding of exspire vaccine
eligible type of applicationeligible type of application
supervision 30 min. after vaccinationsupervision 30 min. after vaccination
intervals between vaccinationsintervals between vaccinations
after live attenuated vaccineafter live attenuated vaccine 4 weeks4 weeks after inactivated (killed) vaccineafter inactivated (killed) vaccine 2 weeks2 weeks after BCG revaccinationafter BCG revaccination 8 weeks8 weeks after BCG primovaccinationafter BCG primovaccination 12 weeks12 weeks after skin tests (including tuberculin)after skin tests (including tuberculin) 1 week1 week after immunostimulansafter immunostimulans 7 – 10 weeks7 – 10 weeks
INTERVALS BETWEEN INTERVALS BETWEEN VACCINATIONSVACCINATIONS
CAUSES OF LOW CAUSES OF LOW IMMUNITY RESPONSEIMMUNITY RESPONSE
immunodeficiency inborn or acquiredimmunodeficiency inborn or acquiredcontraindicationscontraindicationsinsufficiency of intervals between insufficiency of intervals between
vaccination vaccination bad nutritional statusbad nutritional status
BASIC REQUIREMENTSBASIC REQUIREMENTSFOR VACCINEFOR VACCINE
immunological efficacyimmunological efficacysafetysafetystabilitystability
CAUSES OF REACTIONS CAUSES OF REACTIONS AFTER VACCINATIONAFTER VACCINATION
type of vaccinetype of vaccinehealth status of person health status of person vaccination technicvaccination technic
ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION IN CZECH REPUBLIC IN CZECH REPUBLIC
vaccination is important among vaccination is important among children, they are in childhood mostly children, they are in childhood mostly exposed to infectious diseasesexposed to infectious diseases
strategy of vaccination is regulated by strategy of vaccination is regulated by statement of Ministry of Healthstatement of Ministry of Health
vaccination in CR against infectious vaccination in CR against infectious diseases is divided to severaldiseases is divided to several groups groups
TYPES OF VACCINATION TYPES OF VACCINATION IN CZECH REPUBLICIN CZECH REPUBLIC
routine vaccinationroutine vaccinationspecial vaccinationspecial vaccinationemergency vaccinationemergency vaccinationvaccination in injueriesvaccination in injueriesvaccination on requestvaccination on request
ROUTINE VACCINATIONROUTINE VACCINATION
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, diseases diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, diseases caused by caused by Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae b, b, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis Bpoliomyelitis, viral hepatitis B
measles, mumps, rubellameasles, mumps, rubellaviral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg viral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg
positiv mothers positiv mothers pneumococcal infection pneumococcal infection tuberculosis in specific situation
Vaccination against tubeclulosisVaccination against tubeclulosis
Vaccination against tuberculosis is indicated in specific situation according statement 299/2010:
1. one or both parents, sibling, member of household had/has tuberculosis 2. child, parents, sibling, member of household , where a child lives was born or leve/lived more than 3 month in a country with higher frequency of tuberculosis than 40 cases/per 100 000 3. child was in a contact with tuberculosis 4. indication due to anamnestic reasons
Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae b, b,
poliomyelitis and viral hepatitis Bpoliomyelitis and viral hepatitis B
basic vaccinationbasic vaccination –– since 9.weeks 3 dosis of
hexavaccine in interval of 1 month and 4th dosis applicated 6 month after 3.dosis revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussispertussis
in 5 years
revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussispertussis and poliomyelitis poliomyelitis –– 10 to 11 y. of age
revaccination against tetanusrevaccination against tetanus –– 25 to 26 years of age and every 10 – 15 years
Measles, mumps, rubellaMeasles, mumps, rubella
basic vaccination basic vaccination –– in 15 month of agein 15 month of age
revaccination revaccination –– after 6 – 10 monthafter 6 – 10 month
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B Vaccination against viral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg positiv mothersof newborns HBsAg positiv mothers
basic vaccination of newborns basic vaccination of newborns HBsAg positiv mothersHBsAg positiv mothers
one dose of vaccine against VHB within one dose of vaccine against VHB within
24 hours after delivery (before application 24 hours after delivery (before application of tbc vaccine), among these children of tbc vaccine), among these children continue in vaccination with hexavaccinecontinue in vaccination with hexavaccine
Vaccination against pneumococcal Vaccination against pneumococcal infectioninfection
application of conjugated vaccine application of conjugated vaccine (Prevenar) in specific indication(Prevenar) in specific indication
ROUTINE VACCINATIONROUTINE VACCINATIONof persons in higher risk of diseasesof persons in higher risk of diseases
InfluenzaInfluenza (every year)(every year)
infections caused by Str.pneumoniaeinfections caused by Str.pneumoniae
(once among people in senior houses etc. )(once among people in senior houses etc. )
viral hepatitis Bviral hepatitis B
(dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with (dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with VHB)VHB)
SPECIAL VACCINATIONSPECIAL VACCINATION
viral hepatitis A + Bviral hepatitis A + B
(emergency workers) (emergency workers)
viral hepatitis Bviral hepatitis B
(health care workers) (health care workers)
rabiesrabies
(workers in higher risk of disease) (workers in higher risk of disease)
EMERGENCY VACCINATIONEMERGENCY VACCINATION
vaccination in specific conditionsvaccination in specific conditions
planed by Ministry of Healthplaned by Ministry of Health
free of chargefree of charge
VACCINATION IN INJURIESVACCINATION IN INJURIES
vaccination of persons - prevention of vaccination of persons - prevention of
wound infectionswound infections
vaccination against tetanus, rabiesvaccination against tetanus, rabies
VACCINATION ONVACCINATION ON REQUESTREQUEST
vaccination of persons on requestvaccination of persons on requestuse of licenced vaccines use of licenced vaccines each vaccination is paied each vaccination is paied examples: VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc.,examples: VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc.,
meningococcal men., influenza etcmeningococcal men., influenza etc..
GRAPHSGRAPHS
source NIPHsource NIPH
VARIOLAVARIOLA
DIPHTHERIADIPHTHERIA
TETANUSTETANUS
TETANUSTETANUS
PERTUSSISPERTUSSIS
POLIOMYELITISPOLIOMYELITIS
POLIOMYELITISPOLIOMYELITIS
MEASLESMEASLES
MUMPSMUMPS
RUBELLARUBELLA
VARICELLAVARICELLA
Plané neštovice
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
nem
ocn
ost
VIRAL HEPATITIS BVIRAL HEPATITIS B
THANK YOUTHANK YOU