USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED
Joint Battle Management, Command & Control:
Path to Interoperability
Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner
Deputy Commander
United States Joint Forces Command
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“ As the battlefield becomes increasingly complex, the transformation of our nation’s military is dependent upon joint operations with assured interoperability and connectivity down to the tactical level.”
SECDEF Memo on Interoperability and Connectivity, November 2003
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Deconflict Service Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
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Coordinate Stitch Service SeamsDeconflict
Service Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
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Deconflict Service Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
CoordinateStitch Service
Seams
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Integration of Service
Capabilities
Transforming the Joint Force Transforming the Joint Force
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
SOF
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Deconflict Service Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
CoordinateStitch Service
Seams
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
InterdependentCoherently Joint
Collaborative CoordinationEffects-Based
Network CentricInteragency-Multinational
A Full Spectrum capabilities-based
joint force
Multination
al
Interagency
SOF
SOF
Integration of Service
Capabilities
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
SOF
Transforming the Joint Force Transforming the Joint Force
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x x x x x x
Corps Marine ExpeditionaryForce (MEF)
x x x
Conventional
I I I
AIRGROUND
Massed Forces
Deconflicted
Linearly – Sequential
Attrition warfare
Military to Military
Independent
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x x x x x x
Corps Marine ExpeditionaryForce (MEF)
x x x
Conventional
I I I
AIRGROUND
From Battlefield to Battlespace
HUMINT
UNMANNEDSENSORS & STRIKE
HomelandInformationEnvironment
SOFLight
SOF SOFSOF
SystemsAnalysis
INTEGRATEDAIR-GROUND
INTEGRATEDSOF-
CONVENTIONAL
PRECISION STRIKE
SYMMETRIC
ASYMMETRIC
PRECISION STRIKE
IO/PSYOP
WMD
SPACE
CYBER-SPACE
UNMANNED SYSTEMS
Threat
Allies
Heavy
Massed Forces Massed effects
Deconflicted Integrated Interdependent
Linearly – Sequential Simultaneous depth of space
Attrition warfare Rapid start/stop
Military to Military All elements of national power
Independent Networked
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The Growing Gap
DataTransmitted
DataAnalyzed
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Time
Research Analysis Production
Closing the Gap
Current
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Time
Research Analysis Production
• Decrease Development Time
• Increase Analytical Rigor
Closing the Gap
Networked / Collaborative
Current
Future
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Decision MakingThe Meeting Chain
•Linear down•Linear back•Limited cross talk•Partial transmission•Slow
NetworkedEUCOM
66th MI
902nd MI
Meade
VPN
513th MICENTCOM
INTELLIGENCE
CI
NGIC
BA
CENTCOM
JFCOM
OPERATIONS
POLICY
501st MI
205th MI
HQINSCOM
Ft Gordon & Camp Doha
JFIC
JWACCIA
CITFGTMO
NSA
SOJICC
SOCOM
704th MIMeade
STRATCOMDARPA
J9JITF-CT
CIFA
•Communities of Interest•Instant Chat•Knowledge Informed / Enabled•First hand transmission•Rapid
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A Notional ISR Picture
Or is it?
Is it:
•One picture or many?
•Possible coverage or actual coverage?
•Is it linked and real time?
•What does it tell the Commander?
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Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)• Can it keep up with operational speed in order to
inform operational decisions?• Are assessments measured in days, hours or
minutes?• If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose
momentum while we seek certainty• How do we train to support the fluid fight?• When conducting “effects based operations” what is
“effects based BDA”– Is it automated? Federated? Networked?– Is it lethal and non-lethal– Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?
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Battle Effectiveness AssessmentBattle Damage Assessment (BDA)
• Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions?
• Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes?
• If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty
• How do we train to support the fluid fight?• When conducting “effects based operations” what is
“effects based BDA”– Is it automated? Federated? Networked?– Is it lethal and non-lethal– Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?
Informing the next step – Real Time – All Source
USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIEDBlue Force TrackingBrigade and Above Migration to Interoperability
USA MCS 6.3.2 MCS 6.3.D MCS 6.4 MCS 6.4 JTCW 7.0USMC C2PC5.8 C2PC 5.9 C2PC 6.0 C2PC 6.1
Sep 03 Mar 04 Mar 05 Mar 06 Mar 07
Key
C2/
SA
In
tero
per
abil
ity
Met
rics
INTSUM / OPSUM
Logistics Information
NBC Warnings & Reports
TBMD and Air Defense Warnings
CCIRs
Obstacle Information
Combat Power
Air Tracks
Plans and Orders
Commander Sitreps
ATO / ACO
Air Coordination Measures
Fires (Targets, FSCMs,
Overlays – Battlefield Geometries & Control Measures
Plans and Orders
Commander Sitreps
Red Picture (Correlated and SPOT Reports)
Blue SA (Air/Ground at platform/unit levels)
JTCW pursuit
of NR KPP
Army and MarineArmy and MarineCorps bde/regt can beCorps bde/regt can beseamlessly cross-seamlessly cross-attachedattached
Army Bde can Army Bde can work directlywork directlyfor JTFfor JTF
Army Bde canArmy Bde canOperate Adjacent Operate Adjacent To Marine Corps To Marine Corps RegimentRegiment
Systems improving interoperability
now
simultaneously to converging
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Speed Kills
• Enemy Situation
• Friendly Capabilities
• Weapons
• Command and Control
• Coalition and Interagency
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Speed Kills
• Enemy Situation
• Friendly Capabilities
• Weapons
• Command and Control
• Coalition and Interagency
Early Networked Situational Awareness
Dramatically Increases Response Options
Decide – Act - Adapt
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Joint C2
JointISR
JointFires
Interagency Coalition
Joint Battle Management Command and Control spans the continuum of Joint C2, Joint Intelligence Surveillance and
Reconnaissance (ISR), Joint Fires, Interagency, and Coalition
Joint BMC2 Context
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Net-Centric Operations
An information superiority concept of operations Effects Based Operations
Coherently Joint
Fully Networked Decision makers, Shooters, Sensors
and Systems
Shared Real Time Situational Awareness
Increased Speed of Command
Information/Knowledge Superiority
Supports Synchronized Non-contiguous Operations
Enabling Decision Superiority - - but more soDecide, Act, Adapt
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ThinkingDifferently
FullyNetworked
CoherentlyJoint
KnowledgeCentric
EffectsBased
Transforming How We Think and Operate
Legacy systems will not meet this challenge!
Enabling Networked Operations
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Joint Concept Development Path
Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Strategy (FY 04-
05)
FY 01
UnifiedVision
Joint Prototype Path
Provide actionable recommendations from experimentation results to senior leaders to inform options for future force investments
Field the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) – including the enabling concepts for developing transformational joint command and control
Deliver rapid, prototyping of capabilities to improve joint warfighting now
Include our Combatant Commands, Services, Defense Agencies and Multinational partners; collaborate in experimentation activities
FY 04 FY 05 FY 06
FY 04 FY 05 FY 06
MillenniumChallenge
Operational Lessons Learned
• Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations• Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars
• Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations• Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars
USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIEDDelivering Innovation
Stitch Stitch Service Service SeamsSeams
Integration of Integration of Service Service
CapabilitiesCapabilities
Effects-based, Effects-based, Collaborative & Network Collaborative & Network
CentricCentric
Deconflict Deconflict Service Service ForcesForces
WWIIWWII
Desert Desert StormStorm
OEF/OIFOEF/OIF
FutureFuture
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Expands USJFCOM responsibility for:
Strengthening Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) capabilities
Leading Combatant Commanders in development of joint doctrine, concepts, mission/capability requirements for Joint BMC2
Coordinating JBMC2 capabilities for joint integration and interoperability with the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC)
Direct oversight and directive authorities for selected DoD programs and initiatives
MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE DECISION 912 HIGHLIGHTS
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What the Warfighter Needs
• An integrated, interoperable, and networked joint force:– that will insure common shared situational awareness– that will allow fused, precise and actionable intelligence– that will support coherent distributed and dispersed
operations, including forced entry into anti-access or area-denial environments
– that will ensure decision superiority enabling more agile, more lethal, and survivable joint operations
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Transformation Leaders in JBMC2
Standing Joint Force Headquarters
Collaborative Information Environments
Deployable Joint Command and Control
Netted Joint Forces
Integrated Joint Fires
Joint National Training Capability (JNTC)
Advanced Concepts Effects Based Operations (EBO), Operational Net Assessment (ONA)Etc.
#1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical #1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical level: level: JBMC2 RoadmapJBMC2 Roadmap (to include necking-(to include necking-down BMC2 apps)down BMC2 apps)
TTOODDAAYY
20082008
# 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-# 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-centric Visioncentric Vision
Make interoperable
Make interoperable
Neck-down systems
Neck-down systems
Attacking the Problem on Two Fronts
Achieving Net-Centric “Operations”
•Original GIG envisioned as overarching top down (CIO driven) architecture
•New GIG focused on Net-Centric standards and related policy
•DAB•JROC•CIO Board
•MID 912
•Must be Joint Warfighter Driven, (JFCOM and Joint Staff – JCIDS/FCBs process)
•AT&L lead for System Views
•NII lead for Technical Views (standards)
•JTA 6.0
•Critical NII/ Net-Centric Checklist
•Need database harmonization
•Need Information Assurance
•For near term make JBMC2 operationally interoperable (FIOP – SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP…)
•For future leverage NCES for most all functions (applications), but allow for real-time organic warfighter applications
Policy GovernanceArchitecturesStandards
Functional CapabilityBalance
•Bandwidth Expansion (NII Lead)
Networks
In Place & Evolving
(Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable–360)(Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable–360)
Mis
sion
Crit
ical
ISR
+87
Mis
sion
Crit
ical
ISR
+87
Mission Critical Support Communications +132Mission Critical Support Communications +132
130130 Core BMC2Core BMC2
TotalTotal
FIOPFIOP
SIAP
SISP
SOFP
SIMPSIMPSIGP
DOTMLPFDOTMLPFJI&IJI&I (~ (~ 30)30)GCCS
Logistics +11
Logistics +11
Magnitude of the JBMC2 Roadmap System Challenge“Making JBMC2 Interoperable by 2008”
Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2)Management Structure
Air Air ForcForc
ee
USJFCOM USJFCOM ““Top-Level” Top-Level”
Tradeoffs and LeadershipTradeoffs and LeadershipAcross Joint Mission ThreadsAcross Joint Mission Threads
JBMC2 Engineering TeamJBMC2 Engineering Team(Service Lead FIOP (USAF))(Service Lead FIOP (USAF))
““Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering /Picture Integration/Picture Integration
(FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP)(FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP)
ArmyArmy USMCUSMC NavyNavy
OSDOSD(AT&L, NII & (AT&L, NII & JS) Strategy JS) Strategy & Oversight& Oversight
Service implementation of JBMC2Service implementation of JBMC2EngineeringEngineering
Air Air ForcForc
ee
USJFCOMUSJFCOM(MID 912)(MID 912)
JBMC2 BODJBMC2 BOD
ArmyArmy USMCUSMC NavyNavy
SECDEFSECDEF
JROCJROC(JCIDS)(JCIDS)
JCB/FCBsJCB/FCBs
CoordinationCoordination
CoordinationCoordination
Service participation in JBMC2Service participation in JBMC2 RequirementsRequirements
USAFUSAFUSAFUSAF
AQUISITIONAQUISITION REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
Bridge between JBMC2 capabilityrequirements development andsystems engineering needs//programmatic decision support
• JBMC2 Roadmap - a living documentJBMC2 Roadmap - a living document• Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB”Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB”• Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using
the Net Centric Checklistthe Net Centric Checklist• Ensure Services and Agencies implement Ensure Services and Agencies implement
Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM and in Programsand in Programs
…Next Steps
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Service Context and Organizations Joint Context, JTFs & SJFHQ
Service Training Transformation JNTC
JBMC2, CIEService Command & Control
Continuum of Transformation
Service Lessons Learned JLL
Organic Fires Joint Fires/JTACFSCL Kill Box/ETACS
Transforming the Joint Force Deconflict
Service ForcesCoordinate
Stitch Service Seams
Integration of Service
Capabilities
InterdependentCoherently Joint
Collaborative CoordinationEffects-Based, Network Centric
Interagency-Multinational
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Multination
al
Interagency
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
SOF
SOF
SOF
USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED
Summary
• Interoperability and integration are fundamental to effective joint operations
• Both current and future requirements must be considered and synchronized
• New “top down” requirements process and new paradigm for JBMC2 are steps in the right direction…..but they must be given time to take root
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Back ups
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• Interoperability: The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. (JP 0-2)
• Integration: The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. (JP 0-2)
• Joint: Activities, operations and organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more military Departments participate (JP 0-2).
• Joint Force: A force composed of significant elements (assigned or attached) of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 0-2)
Interoperability is key to Joint Force IntegrationInteroperability is key to Joint Force Integration
Guiding Definitions
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Secretary of Defense directed expanded responsibilities for USJFCOM to improve the
Department of Defense ability to field Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities
(MID 912)
JBMC2 Mandate
“Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities by
improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces.”
“Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities by
improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces.”
USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED
ThinkingDifferently
FullyNetworked
CoherentlyJoint
KnowledgeCentric
EffectsBased
• Networked C2 (JBMC2)• Distributed Common Ground
Surface/System (DCGS)• Global Information Grid (GIG-
BE)• Collaborative Info Environment
(CIE)• Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES)
• Operational Net Assessment (ONA)• Joint Intel, Surveillance and
Reconnaissance (JISR)• Intel Transformation• Decision Superiority
• Effects-Based Operations (EBO)• Information Operations (IO)• Force Projection (JDPO)• Joint Tactical Actions (JTA)
• Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ)
• Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG)
• Multinational Info Sharing (MNIS)
Transforming How We Think and Operate
Legacy systems will not meet this challenge!
Enabling Networked Operations