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Unifying Human Centered Design
and Systems Engineering
for Human Systems Integration
Guy Boy1,2& Jennifer Nakevicius3
1 Human-Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology2 NASA Kennedy Space Center
3 Jenius LLC
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Systems Engineering
an interdisciplinary approach and means to
enable the realization of successful systems
INCOSE
life cycle of a product:
design, manufacturing, operations, training and
support, disposal and costs (Haskins, 2011)
Holistic approach to peoples needs?
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Why SE fails?
Inadequate requirements
Technology focused
Poorly specified
Unmeasurable
Unachievable
Lack of flexibility
Technology-centered engineeringrigid processes
Uncertainty and rapid changes in our world
Solution: Human-Centered Design (HCD)
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Human-Centered Design
Various disciplines
Human-computer interaction & Artificial intelligence
Modeling and Simulation
Human-machine systems
Social and cognitive sciences
Same objective as SE (i.e., holistic)
Technology
People
Organizations
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The 21stcentury shift
From mechanical engineering
to electrical engineering
to software engineering!
From integration of local reductionist systems
to holistic coordination of autonomous agents
Highly interconnected interactive world
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Systems vs. Agents
System
integrated set of
elements that accomplish
a defined objective
(Haskins, 2011)
Systems of systems
Structures and functions
Agent
entity able to act,
produce something and
be representative of an
agency (Minsky, 1985)
Society of agents
Cognitive functions
Human-Systems Integration (HSI)
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From Army to Orchestra
Soldiers
executants, rigid
automated
Linear chain of command Generals, officers
hierarchy
Musicians
creative, flexible, experts
autonomous
Complex coordination composers, scores
conductors
Prescriptive and effective coordination
Task-level
Activity-level
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VFR
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Cognitive function
Role
ContextResources
Task Activity
Systemcognitivefunction
Human cognitive function
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Machine cognitivefunction
Human cognitive function
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Modeling and Simulation
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Technology-Centered
Engineering
Human-Centered
Design
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from Technology-Centered Engineering
to Human-Centered Design
positivism
objectivity
linear systems
context-freecontrol
phenomenology
subjectivity
non-linear systems
context-dependentmanagement
reductionism complexity science
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Human-Centered
Design
Technology-Centered
Engineering
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Human-Centered
Design
Technology-Centered
Engineering
Human-Systems Integration
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Automation vs. Autonomy
Procedures Automation
Automation
of
People
Automation
of
Machines
Automation
of
Human
Functions
Automation
of
Systems
Functions
Problem-Solving
Autonomy
of Agents
(mostly people)
Coordination
of Autonomous
Agents
Functions
Allocation
of Human & Systems
Functions
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Planning vs. Flexibility
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Complexity and Emergence
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Standardization vs. Creativity
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1596 1650
XXthCentury XXIstCentury
Ren Descartes by Franz Hals
1452 1519
Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci Autoportrait