Unification of Germany & Italy
GERMANY
1849Independent small German states (Prussia largest)
**Similarities: German language & Protestant faith
1862
Otto von Bismark becomes Prussia’s chief minister --- wants to unify Germany w/ “blood and iron” policy = powerful army
**Obstacles: Austria, France, & German princes
War w/ DenmarkA
1864 - 1) Denmark invades Schleswig 2) Prussia & Austria free it from the Danes (Danish) 3) P & A split the conquered provinces
B War w/ Austria
1866 - 1) P & A fight over the provinces = Austro- Prussian War (7 weeks war) 2) Prussia wins hurts Austrian power1867 - Bismark creates and controls N. German Confederation (all but 4 Catholic states)
War w/ France1870 - 1) Bismark & Napoleon III create a dispute and declare war 2) S. German states join N. German Confederation Franco- Prussian War 3) French defeated & Napoleon taken prisoner 1871 – Paris surrendersTreaty of Frankfurt 1) Germany received 2 provinces (coal & iron) 2) France had to give $$$ to Germany 3) S. German states join & German Empire created
C
King William I becomes
Kaiser of Germany
Bismark becomes
chancellor
**German Empire
ITALY
1848 Failed Revolution led by Giusseppi Garibaldi
**Obstacles: Austria and the pope
1852
“risorgimento”
movement led by
Count Camillo Cavour
(prime minister of Piedmont)-promoted constitutional monarchy
& economic growth**need to be economically & politically
stronger to win Italian territory from Austria
1) Secret alliance w/ France & provokes Austria
2) War ends w/ treaty: Piedmont receives state of Lombardy
3) Rebellions break out in Tuscany, Parma, & Modena against Austria = success
1860 – Piedmont controls all of Italy, except Kingdom of 2 Sicilies, Papal States, and Venetia
May 1860 -
Garibaldi w/ army called Red Shirts take control of Kingdom of 2 Sicilies
**Papal states protected by French army
1861 – Victor Emmanuel 2 (King of Sardinia) declared King of Italy
1866 – Italy allies w/ Prussia in 7 Weeks War
**defeat of Austria = province of Venetia taken over by Italy
1870 – Franco-Prussian – withdrew troops from Rome – Italians took control and Rome becomes capital
Map of Italy in 1859 1860 1861 1870
A B C
1849 1862Independent small German states (Prussia largest)
**Similarities: German language & Protestant faith
Otto von Bismark becomes Prussia’s chief minister --- wants to unify Germany w/ “blood and iron” policy = powerful army
**Obstacles: Austria, France, & German princes
1864 - 1) Denmark invades Schleswig 2) Prussia & Austria free it from the Danes (Danish) 3) P & A split the conquered provinces
War w/ Denmark War w/ Austria1866 - 1) P & A fight over the provinces = Austro- Prussian War (7 weeks war) 2) Prussia wins hurts Austrian power1867 - Bismark creates and controls N. German Confederation (all but 4 Catholic states)
**German Empire
King William I becomes Kaiser of
Germany; Bismark becomes chancellor
War w/ France1870 - 1) Bismark & Napoleon III create a dispute and declare war 2) S. German states join N. German Confederation Franco- Prussian War 3) French defeated & Napoleon taken prisoner 1871 – Paris surrendersTreaty of Frankfurt 1) Germany received two provinces (coal & iron) 2) France had to give $$$ to Germany 3) S. German states join & German Empire created
GERMANY
1848 Failed Revolution led by Giusseppi Garibaldi
**Obstacles: Austria and the pope
1852
“risorgimento”movement led by
Count Camillo Cavour(prime minister of Piedmont)
-promoted constitutional monarchy & economic growth
**need to be economically & politically stronger to win Italian territory from Austria
1) Secret alliance w/ France & provokes Austria
2) War ends w/ treaty: Piedmont receives state of Lombardy
3) Rebellions break out in Tuscany, Parma, & Modena against Austria = success
1860 – Piedmont controls all of Italy, except Kingdom of 2 Sicilies, Papal States, and Venetia
May 1860 - Garibaldi w/ army called Red Shirts take control of Kingdom of 2 Sicilies
**Papal states protected by French army
1861 – Victor Emmanuel 2 (King of Sardinia) declared King of Italy
1866 – Italy allies w/ Prussia in 7 Weeks War **defeat of Austria = province of Venetia taken over by Italy
1870 – Franco-Prussian – withdrew troops from Rome – Italians took control and Rome becomes capital