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Distinguishing torpor, hibernation
and aestivation
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- is the dropping of body temperature to approximatelyambient temperature for a part of each day regardless ofseason.
- reducing energy demands over that part of the day inwhich the animals are inactive
- in torpor, the animals dont seem to see, hear or feel
anything that surrounds them.
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- Bats, the California pocket mouse, andthe dormousewho sleep during daytime but are up andactive at night .
- Hummingbirds and frogs who are up and active duringthe day but sleep the night away.
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- long seasonal torpor
- physiological changes as decreased blood sugar,increased liver glycogen, altered concentration of blood
hemoglobins, altered carbon dioxide and oxygen contentin the blood, altered muscle tone, and darkened skin
- heart rate, respiration, and total metabolism fall and
body temperatures fall below 10 C
- acidosis ( high levels of CO2 and acid)
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- groundhog feed heavily in late summer to store large fat
reserves from which they draw energy during hibernation
- chipmunks lay up store of food- they spend less time in torpor
- Although popularly said hibernating, black, grizzly, andfemale popular bears do not. Instead they enter a uniquewinter sleep from which they easily rouse. They do notenter on extreme hypothermia
- they recycle urea from urine through the bloodstream.The urea is degraded into amino acids that arereincorporated in plasma protiens
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- animals that aestivates are trying to escape from the
environmental condition that is happening
- this protects animals from high temperature and
drought
- body, breathing and heartbeat slows down
- animals dont grow, move or eat during this time
- aestivates during the middle of the summer
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Animals have a more complex and more
energy-expensive problem than plants inmaintaining water balance. All animals possessa more or less universal mechanism, the
excretory system. The system is simple insome animals and complex in others.
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Water animals osmosis
Amphibians skin and gill membranes
Terrestrial animals drinking eatingandrespiration
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Animals of semi-arid and regions may
either: - evade drought by moving the dry
season - move to area where permanent
water is available
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- some animals remain active during thedry season by lowering the temperature
they breathe out
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- some animals reduces daytime losses ofmoisture by becoming hyperthermic
- a substantial rise in daytime bodytemperature reduces the need forevaportion
- reduces metabolic rate by lowering tits
internal production of heat
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In addition some desert mammals cantolerate a certain degree of dehydration.
Desert rabbits may withstand water lossesof up to 50 percent and camels up to 27percent of their body weight