These fish are more likely to get sick then fish that remain in the pond…
These fish are more likely to get sick then fish that remain in the pond…
BassTournament
• Bass had to adapt to…– muscle fatigue– skin damage– puncture wound– temperature
changes– poor water
quality– crowding
• Some things had to be let go
• One of them was immunity
TheAquarium
• The fish had to adapt to– Poor water quality– Social competition– Photoperiod
disruption– Poor food quality
• The fish spent energy to deal with all of those problems
• There wasn’t enough energy left to support growth and reproduction
Summary• Fish adjust their behavior and
biochemistry to do the best that they can under the conditions
• If conditions are good, they will grow and reproduce
• If conditions are poor, they may have to spend all of the energy just to survive
• If things are really bad, they may not be able to adapt and will die
• Increases heart rateIncreases heart rate• Increases breathing Increases breathing
(respiration) rate(respiration) rate• Opens gill circulatory systemOpens gill circulatory system• Open muscle circulationOpen muscle circulation• Decreases blood to gutsDecreases blood to guts• Releases sugar from liverReleases sugar from liver
Brain: Perception of a stressful situation
Pituitary: Secretion of ACTH
Head Kidney: Secretion of Cortisol
Other Organs: Respond to cortisol
Nerves carry signal to pituitary
Blood carries ACTH to kidney
Kidney secrets cortisol into blood
Stress ResponseAcute
Emergency• Epinephrine• Increases
oxygen and fuel to muscles
• Fight or flight
Slow emergency
• Cortisol• Releases
stored energy
Stress•Fish must adapt to changes•Small changes good conditions= Great•Bigger changes or poorer condition = Trouble•Too big, bad conditions = Dead
Stress•Fish must adapt to changes•Small changes good conditions= Great•Bigger changes or poorer condition = Trouble•Too big, bad conditions = Dead
Epinephrine•Fight or flight•More oxygen and energy to muscles•Nerves from brain signal chromaffin cells in HK
Epinephrine•Fight or flight•More oxygen and energy to muscles•Nerves from brain signal chromaffin cells in HKCortisol•Slower emergencies that limit food availability•Energy from protein •Brain- nerves - pituitary – ACTH – Interrenal cells in HK
Cortisol•Slower emergencies that limit food availability•Energy from protein •Brain- nerves - pituitary – ACTH – Interrenal cells in HK