The thickness of lens in diagram 2.1 is compare to lens diagram 2.2
Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2
The focal length in diagram 2.1 is compare to diagram 2.2
The size of image produced in diagram 2.1 is compare to diagram 2.2.
thicker
shorter
smaller
• Thickness of the spring wire
• Maximum height reached by the ball
• Relate :• Thickness and maximum height• Thickness and elastic potential energy
Compare depth of sinking :
Compare load :
Area on contact :
Relate depth of sinking and pressure
Relationship Pressure and area
Depth of sinking on diagram 3.1 is deeper than diagram 3.2
The load of diagram 3.1 is equal to diagram 3.2
The area of contact in diagram 3.1 is smaller than Diagram 3.2
The deeper the depth, the higher the pressure
When the area increaes,the pressure decreases
Explaination question
3 or 4 marks
Submarine on surface submerge ( 3 marks)
Ballast tank
Fill with water
Weight increases
Weight = buoyant force
Partly filled
Weight > buoyant force
Submarine submerge
Paper burns, convex lens, sun rayThe parallel rays of the sun will pass through the a convex lens
2. After entering the lens, the light rays is focused at the principal focus of the lens
3. At the principal focus, the light ray is focused on one small area
4 Heat increases, paper burn
Thermal equilibrium
• Heat flow• Hot to cold• Thermal equilibrium achieved.• Temperature of water = temp of thermometer• No more heat flow
High pitch , only C , low pitch until AHigh pitch high frekuensi
Low pitch low frekuensi long wave length
Short wave length will diffract until C only
Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is absorbed
Air movement velocity increases
Evaporation rate increases
Sweat cold rotating fan Sweat is being evaporated
Copper block volume bigBowl copper volume small
Small volume small Uptrust small
Block sink because weight > uptrust
Sheet float because weight = uptrust
• Diagram below shows a sailboat.
You are required to give some suggestions to design a sailboat which can travel faster. Using the knowledge on motion, forces and the properties of materials, explain the suggestions based on the following aspects:
• the surface of the board• the shape of the board• material used for the sail• the size of the sail
smooth surface / coat with wax
streamline shape
low density material
Wide sizewater-proof material
• Type of material used as the cap of the thermal flask• Type of inner wall and outer surface• The density of material used• Thermal strength of the flaskModification Reason
Plastic stopper Reduce heat loss through conduction
Vacum space Reduce heat transfer
•Comfort of the person who will use the lamp.
Reduce the heat from the desk lamp
Design of the lamp desk
Safety features of the lamp
Energy efficiency of the lamp
Use flourescent lamp
Bigger cover with white colour
Adjustable stand
Energy saver lamp
Connect earth wire
• Capacity• Safety features
• Power
• Stability and other relevant aspects•
Section B
variables
• Manipulated : depth of water ( real depth)• Responding : position of image (apparent
depth)
• Constant : density of water
• Inference :
Depth of water affect the position of image.
Hypothesis : when real depth increases, the apparent depth increases.
Aim :To investigate the relationship
between depth of water ( real depth ) and position of image ( apparent depth)
Apparatus and material :
tall beaker, meter rule, pins, cork, water, retort stand
procedure
a) Mention manipulated quantity :
Real Depth : start experiment with what depth?? Fill the beaker with water to a height of 20 cm
• b) Method of measuring responding variable : apparent depth
With meter rule, measure the apparent depth.
Repeat experiment : Repeat experiment with different depth such as : 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm.
Tabulate dataReal depth / D ( cm) Apparent depth / d (cm)
20
30405060
Analyse dataApparent depth / d ( cm )
Real depth / D (cm)
variable• Manipulated : mass
Responding :Period oscillationConstant : Number of oscillation
inference
• ____________________ affect
_______________________
massPeriod oscillation
hypothesis
When increases, increases
mass
period of oscillation
aimTo investigate the relationship between
and
massperiod of oscillation
Apparatus and arrangement
• Hacksaw blade, stop watch, plasticine and G clamp.
Method of controlling manipulated variable
• Manipulate variable : masscontrol : the first mass
Plasticine with a mass of 50 g is clamped.
Method of measuring responding variable
• Responding variable : period
• Measure pressure using : stopwatch
Using stop watch , measure the time taken for 20 complete oscillation, calculate the period and record the data
Analyse data
Mass / g Period / s203040
5060
Graph
Mass / g
Period / s
variable• Manipulated : force
Responding :Extension of thespring
Constant : Diameter of the spring
inference
• ____________________ affect
_______________________
forceextension of the spring
hypothesis
When increases, increases
force
extension of the spring
aimTo investigate the relationship between
and
forceextension of the spring
Apparatus and arrangement
• Spring, slotted weight, retort stand, meter rule
Method of controlling manipulated variable
• Manipulate variable : forcecontrol : the first mass of slotted weight
• Slotted weight of 50 g is attached to the spring.
Method of measuring responding variable
• Responding variable : extension of the spring
• Measure pressure using : meter rule
Using meter rule, measure the length of the spring .
Analyse data
203040
5060
Mass ( g) Force ( N) Length of the spring ( cm)
Extension of the spring ( cm)
50 0.5100 1.0150 1.5200 2.0250 2.5
Graph
Force / N
Extension of the spring / cm
Paper 3 Bahagian A
SECTION A : Question 1
1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________
1(a)(iii) Constant variable : ____________________
EXAMPLE:
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between temperature, , and the volume, V, of trapped air. A beaker is filled with cold water until the air column in the capillary tube is totally immersed. A thermometer is put into the water to determine the temperature of the water. The arrangement of the apparatus for the experiment is shown in Figure 11.1.
Temperature,
Volume, V
SECTION A : Question 1
1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________
1(a)(iii) Constant variable : ____________________
1
2
0
l1
Figure 11.2 : Temperature, = 30 C
length, l = ………… cm
m.vr.v
Temperature,
Length, l
SECTION A : Question 1
1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________
1(a)(iii) Constant variable : ____________________ (depends on the experiment)
MISTAKE
S!!!
Which of the following is possibly a constant variable?
A) Mass B) Thermometer C) Air
A) Water B) Stopwatch C) Time
A) Length B) Air column C) Ruler
SECTION A : Question 1
1(b) Based on Figures 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6, determine l when is equal to 30 C, 35 C, 40 C, 45 C and 50 C.
Tabulate your results for l and V for each value of in the space below.
/ C l / cm V / cm3
30
3540
45
50
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors!
t1 t2 tmean T T2 l
17 17.6 17.3 0.87 0.76 20
22.4 22 22.2 1.11 1.23 30
25 24.6 24.8 1.24 1.54 40
28 28.8 28.4 1.42 2.02 50
30.8 31 30.9 1.55 2.4 60
No unit!
Not consistence!
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors!Unit at the wrong place!
l t1 t2 tmean T T2
20.0 cm 17.0 s 17.6 s 17.3 s 0.87 s 0.76 s2
30.0 cm 22.4 s 22.0 s 22.2 s 1.11 s 1.23 s2
40.0 cm 25.0 s 24.6 s 24.8 s 1.24 s 1.54 s2
50.0 cm 28.0 s 28.8 s 28.4 s 1.42 s 2.02 s2
60.0 cm 30.8 s 31.0 s 30.9 s 1.55 s 2.40 s2
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors!
Wrong unit!
Not consistence!
l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s
20.0 17.0 17.6 17.3 0.865 0.748
30.0 22.4 22.0 22.2 1.11 1.232
40.0 25.0 24.6 24.8 1.24 1.537
50.0 28.0 28.8 28.4 1.42 2.016
60.0 30.8 31.0 30.9 1.545 2.387
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors!No error!
l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s2
20.0 17.0 17.6 17.3 0.87 0.76
30.0 22.4 22.0 22.2 1.11 1.23
40.0 25.0 24.6 24.8 1.24 1.54
50.0 28.0 28.8 28.4 1.42 2.02
60.0 30.8 31.0 30.9 1.55 2.40
GOOD ANSWER!
SECTION A : Question 1
What is a GOOD graph?
1) Starting at origin (0,0)
2) Write quantities and units on x-axis and y-axis
3) Has uniform scale
4) All points are transferred correctly
5) Draw one straight line and intersect any of the axes
6) Distribute other points equally
• Plotting the graph: on the graph paper, plot graph T2 againts l Remember to write the quantity & units
T2 / s2
l / cm
Remember to choose a good scale
Carefully transfer all points
..
..
.Draw the best line
SECTION A : Question 1
BAD GRAPH!
SECTION A : Question 1
Accepted graph
SECTION A : Question 1
Rejected graph
more than 1 cm
SECTION A : Question 1
Rejected graph
more than 0.5 cm
SECTION A : Question 1
Conclusion
a
b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b
a
b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b
SECTION A : Question 1
Conclusion
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to 1/b
C) a is linearly increasing with 1/b
a
ba
1/b
SECTION A : Question 22(a)(i) Relationship
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b
A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to 1/b C) a is linearly increasing with 1/b
a
ba
1/b
SECTION A : Question 2
2(a)(i) Relationship
a
b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b
a
b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b
SECTION A : Question 2
2(a)(ii) Determine Corresponding Value : determine the value of P when h = 3.0 cm
h / cm
P / Nm-2
1.0 2.0 3.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0 P = 4.0 Nm-2
SECTION A : Question 2
2(a)(ii) Determine Corresponding Value : determine the value of m when is 4.0
1/m / g-1
/ C
0.1 0.2 0.3
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0 1/m = 0.3 g-1
m = 3.3 g
SECTION A : Question 2
2(b)(i) Determine Gradient
1/m / g-1
/ C
0.1 0.2 0.3
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Gradient, l = 4.0 C 0.4 g-1
l = 10.0 C g
y
x
Triangle must at least 4 x 5 Checked substitution
Remember unit
Gradient must be in decimalnumber. No fraction.
0.4
Heat produce from an experiment can be determine by using the fomula
Q = ml,Where l is the gradient and m is the mass.Calculate the value of heat when mass is 2.0 kg.
2(b)(ii) Calculation problem (involving the gradient)
SECTION A : Question 22(c) Calculation problem
Reminder!1) Check for the conversion of
units2) Substitute figures at the correct places
3) Write the final answer in decimal number (Do not give the answer in fraction!!!)
4) Do not forget the UNIT
Q = ml
Gradient : l = 10.0 J g-1 Mass = 2 kg
Q = 2 x 10Q = 2 000 x 10
Q = 2 x 104 J = 20 kJ
2000 g
10 000 J kg-1
SECTION A : Question 22(d) Precaution
Reminder!1) It is NOT SAFETY PRECAUTION!!!
Take few readings and find the average
Position of eyes is perpendicular to the scale
method
reason
to reduce random error
to avoid parallax error
Chapter by chapter
2.1 Analysing LinearMotion : distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration
2.2 Analysing MotionGraphs : interpret and analyse graph
2.3 Understanding Inertia : explain what inertia is.relate mass to inertia.give examples of situations involving inertia.suggest ways to reduce the negative effectsof inertia
• 2.4 Analysing Momentum : • define the momentum of an object.• define momentum, p as the product of mass,
m and velocity, v, i.e. p = mv.• state the principle of conservation of
momentum.• describe applications of conservation of
momentum.• solve problems involving momentum
Understanding the effects of a Force
• determine the relationship between force,mass and acceleration, i.e. F = ma.
• solve problems using F = ma.
• 2.4 Analysing Momentum• define momentum, p as the product of mass,
m and velocity, v, i.e. p = mv.• state the principle of conservation of
momentum.• describe applications of conservation of
momentum.
• describe the effects of balanced forces acting on an object.
• describe the effects of unbalanced forces acting on an object.
• determine the relationship between force, mass and acceleration, i.e. F = ma.
Understanding the effects of a Force
Analysing Impulse and Impulsive Force
• explain the effect of increasing or decreasing time of impact on the magnitude of the impulsive force.
• describe situation where an impulsive force needs to be reduced and suggest ways to reduce it.
• describe situations where an impulsive force is beneficial
Understanding Work, Energy, Power and Efficiency
• state that when work is done energy is transferred from one object to another.
• define kinetic energy • define gravitational potential energy • state the principle of conservation of energy.
Understanding Elasticity
Paper 3
Section B
Answer for question 1
• Manipulated variable : mass ( of the slotted weight)
• Responding variable : volume of the slotted weightConstant variable :density
• V0 = 27 cm3
• m = 50.0 kg, V1 = 33 cm3, V = 6 cm3
• m = 100.0 kg V1 = 39 cm3, V = 12 cm3
• m = 150.0 kg V1 = 45 cm3, V = 18 cm3
• m = 200.0 kg V1 = 51 cm3, V = 24 cm3
• m = 250.0 kg V1 = 57 cm3, V = 30 cm3
Mass / g Volume of water / cm3
Volume of slotted weight/ cm3
50.0 33.0 6.0
100.0 39.0 12.0
150.0 45.0 18.0
200.0 51.0 24.0
250.0 57.0 30.0
Answer for question 2 (a)
a)(i) a 1/x
(ii) a = 12, 1/x = 0.5. x = 2.0 cm
(iii) Gradient , m = 24 cm3
• 2(b) λ= m / l = 24 / 20.0 = 1.2 cm
2(c) v = λf = 1.2 x 12
= 14.4 cm s-1
2(d) The position of eye must perpendicular to the reading scale to avoid parallax error
Paper 3 Bahagian A
Graph
Force / N
Extension of the spring / cm