Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses Northern StrengthsNorthern Strengths
– Larger populationLarger population– More railroads and More railroads and
factoriesfactories– Resources (coal, iron)Resources (coal, iron)– Better balanced economyBetter balanced economy– More $More $– Established governmentEstablished government– Army, and navy (could Army, and navy (could
blockade)blockade) Northern WeaknessesNorthern Weaknesses
– Had to attack to preserve Had to attack to preserve the Unionthe Union
– Less trained leadersLess trained leaders– Not total support – some Not total support – some
wanted to “let South go”wanted to “let South go”
Southern StrengthsSouthern Strengths– Better military leadersBetter military leaders– Defensive position – didn’t Defensive position – didn’t
have to conquer North, have to conquer North, just not be defeatedjust not be defeated
– Familiar territoryFamiliar territory– Fighting to preserve their Fighting to preserve their
way of life (survival) – way of life (survival) – rabbit and the foxrabbit and the fox
Southern WeaknessesSouthern Weaknesses– Smaller populationSmaller population– Economy primarily based Economy primarily based
on one cropon one crop– Few factories and railroadsFew factories and railroads– Large population of slavesLarge population of slaves– New governmentNew government
Union Military StrategiesUnion Military Strategies The The Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan
– Naval BlockadeNaval Blockade Prevent trade with Prevent trade with
EuropeEurope– Gain control of the Gain control of the
Mississippi River – Mississippi River – split split the Confederacythe Confederacy
Capture RichmondCapture Richmond– Public wanted a quick Public wanted a quick
endend Lincoln keeps Lincoln keeps “border”“border”
states (MO, KY, DE, states (MO, KY, DE, MD) saying he would MD) saying he would not interfere w/slaverynot interfere w/slaveryGen. Winfield Scott
Confederate War StrategyConfederate War Strategy
President President Jefferson Jefferson DavisDavis
War of War of AttritionAttrition– Defensive warDefensive war– Push back Union Push back Union
advances until they give advances until they give up (wear them down)up (wear them down)
Try to get Try to get foreign alliesforeign allies– South produces 75% of South produces 75% of
world’s cottonworld’s cotton– Try to get Try to get England and England and
FranceFrance to help to help
11stst Bull Run (Manassas) Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861July 21, 1861
– First major battleFirst major battle of the of the warwar
– General Irvin McDowell General Irvin McDowell (Union) vs. Gen. (Union) vs. Gen. Beauregard and Gen. Beauregard and Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson (Confederacy)Jackson (Confederacy)
Confederate VictoryConfederate Victory– Confederacy forces Union Confederacy forces Union
retreatretreat– Union troops run back to Union troops run back to
WashingtonWashington– Showed both sides that Showed both sides that
the war would not be the war would not be easyeasy
McDowell)
Jackson
Early BattlesEarly Battles McDowell replaced by McClellanMcDowell replaced by McClellan
– Respected by men but hesitantRespected by men but hesitant– Organizes army of the PotomacOrganizes army of the Potomac
Ulysses S. Grant in the westUlysses S. Grant in the west– Fort Henry & Fort DonelsonFort Henry & Fort Donelson– ShilohShiloh – first battle with massive casualties; – first battle with massive casualties;
horrified both sideshorrified both sides Union captures New Orleans but unable to Union captures New Orleans but unable to
capture entire Miss.capture entire Miss. IroncladsIronclads – Monitor vs. Virginia – Monitor vs. Virginia
(Merrimack); ended in draw but end of (Merrimack); ended in draw but end of wooden shipswooden ships
Tactics and TechnologyTactics and Technology
TacticsTactics– Based on Based on European European
ways of fightingways of fighting– Slowly changed with Slowly changed with
the new technologythe new technology TechnologyTechnology
– Cone shaped bullets Cone shaped bullets rather than roundrather than round
– Repeating rifleRepeating rifle– Heavy artilleryHeavy artillery– Made battle deadlyMade battle deadly– http://www.history.com/
videos/civil-war-tech
Early BattlesEarly Battles
Lincoln urges McClellan to attackLincoln urges McClellan to attack Failed to take Richmond (against Failed to take Richmond (against
Lee)Lee) Also another loss at the Second Also another loss at the Second
Battle of Bull Run (Lee & Stonewall Battle of Bull Run (Lee & Stonewall Jackson instrumental)Jackson instrumental)
2. Emancipation and the War2. Emancipation and the War
Lincoln and slaveryLincoln and slavery– Originally only wanted to preserve the Originally only wanted to preserve the
UnionUnion– Did not think he had the right to abolish Did not think he had the right to abolish
slaveryslavery– Ending slavery became a war strategyEnding slavery became a war strategy
AntietamAntietam – bloodiest single day of – bloodiest single day of the war (23,000), MDthe war (23,000), MD
Gave Lincoln the victory he neededGave Lincoln the victory he needed
EmancipationEmancipation
The The Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation– January 1, 1863, slaves in areas of January 1, 1863, slaves in areas of
rebellion against the government would rebellion against the government would be freebe free
– Didn’t apply to Didn’t apply to border statesborder states– Also hoped to stop British support Also hoped to stop British support
(wouldn’t support a war about slavery)(wouldn’t support a war about slavery) Reaction to the Proclamation was Reaction to the Proclamation was
mixedmixed
African Americans FightAfrican Americans Fight
ContrabandContraband– Slaves became property Slaves became property
of the Union then were of the Union then were freedfreed
African American African American SoldiersSoldiers– Gained ability to fight Gained ability to fight
after the proclamationafter the proclamation– All black regiments All black regiments
under a white officerunder a white officer– 5454thth MA Regiment MA Regiment
Robert ShawRobert Shaw Battle of Ft. WagnerBattle of Ft. Wagner
Sec. 3 Politics in the NorthSec. 3 Politics in the North
Financial MeasuresFinancial Measures– 1861, first federal 1861, first federal
income taxincome tax, bonds, , bonds, Homestead Act, tariffsHomestead Act, tariffs
Emergency Wartime Emergency Wartime ActionsActions– Martial LawMartial Law– DraftDraft – could also hire – could also hire
substitutessubstitutes Opposition to the WarOpposition to the War
– Riots protesting draftRiots protesting draft– CopperheadsCopperheads – against – against
warwar– Lincoln suspends the Lincoln suspends the
writ of writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus
Politics in the SouthPolitics in the South DraftDraft
– Southerners were not Southerners were not reenlistingreenlisting
– General Lee pushes for General Lee pushes for a draft – required a draft – required military servicemilitary service
– April 1862, Confederate April 1862, Confederate Congress passes first Congress passes first draft lawdraft law
– 18 to 35 required three 18 to 35 required three year serviceyear service
– ExceptionException Owners of more than Owners of more than
20 slaves20 slaves Could hire substituteCould hire substitute
Life in the WarLife in the War
Southern EconomySouthern Economy– Food production Food production
declinesdeclines– Cotton production Cotton production
continuescontinues– InflationInflation
Northern EconomyNorthern Economy– Most northern Most northern
industries were helped industries were helped by the warby the war
– Women fill jobsWomen fill jobs– Some profited from war Some profited from war
Prison CampsPrison Camps– Andersonville, GeorgiaAndersonville, Georgia– Prisoner exchange Prisoner exchange
endedended Medical ConditionsMedical Conditions
– Attempt to control Attempt to control disease but most disease but most casualties resulted from casualties resulted from thisthis
– Amputations commonAmputations common– Clara BartonClara Barton
Creates the Red CrossCreates the Red Cross
Union vs. Conf. SoldiersUnion vs. Conf. Soldiers
http://www.history.com/videos/confederate-vs-union-soldiers
4. Turning Points4. Turning Points
Chancellorsville & Chancellorsville & Fredericksburg Fredericksburg 1862 – 1862 – key Conf. victorieskey Conf. victories
Jackson killedJackson killed http://www.history.com/
videos/stonewall-jackson The Siege of The Siege of Vicksburg Vicksburg - -
city surrounded, people city surrounded, people starved, surrendered starved, surrendered July 4, 1863July 4, 1863
Cut South in half – one Cut South in half – one of their main goalsof their main goals
Gettysburg - 1863Gettysburg - 1863
July 1July 1– Union takes position along Cemetery RidgeUnion takes position along Cemetery Ridge– Confederacy takes position along Seminary RidgeConfederacy takes position along Seminary Ridge
July 2July 2– Longstreet slow to attack, Longstreet slow to attack, MeadeMeade gets reinforced gets reinforced– Little Round Top – Little Round Top – Joshua ChamberlainJoshua Chamberlain, bayonets, bayonets– http://www.history.com/videos/chamberlain-defend
s-little-round-top3– LeeLee orders a direct assault on the center of the line orders a direct assault on the center of the line– Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge – “I have no division.” – “I have no division.”
Results of GettysburgResults of Gettysburg
UnionUnion– 23,000+ casualties23,000+ casualties
ConfederatesConfederates– 28,000+ casualties28,000+ casualties
July 4July 4thth, , Confederates Confederates retreatretreat
No other invasions No other invasions of Northof North
Turning pointTurning point
GettysburgGettysburg
http://www.history.com/videos/gettysburg-battle-strategy
Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge http://www.history.com/videos/last-c
harge-at-gettysburg
The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address
November 19, November 19, 18631863
Lincoln speaks Lincoln speaks brieflybriefly
Powerful and Powerful and moving speechmoving speech
New definition of New definition of the United Statesthe United States
Grant Takes CommandGrant Takes Command 1864 - Grant given full 1864 - Grant given full
control of the Union armycontrol of the Union army Lincoln about Grant “He Lincoln about Grant “He
fights.” fights.” VA – attempt to take VA – attempt to take
Richmond - Battle of the Richmond - Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, PetersburgCold Harbor, Petersburg– Huge toll on Confed.Huge toll on Confed.
TOTAL WARTOTAL WAR – civilians, – civilians, economy, materials, break economy, materials, break the will of the peoplethe will of the people
William T. ShermanWilliam T. Sherman in in control in the westcontrol in the west
Grant
Sherman in GeorgiaSherman in Georgia
Battle of Kennesaw Battle of Kennesaw Mountain – brief Mountain – brief victory for Southvictory for South
Atlanta falls Atlanta falls eventually and much eventually and much is burnedis burned
600 mile path of 600 mile path of destructiondestruction
Part of “total war”Part of “total war” Sherman’s March to Sherman’s March to
the Seathe Sea
Election of 1864Election of 1864
Lincoln fears losingLincoln fears losing– Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson named Vice-President named Vice-President
candidate (Democrat from TN)candidate (Democrat from TN) Democrats nominate George McClellanDemocrats nominate George McClellan With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln
easily winseasily wins Thirteenth AmendmentThirteenth Amendment
– Ratified on December 6, 1865Ratified on December 6, 1865– Ended slavery in the U.S.Ended slavery in the U.S.
5. End of the War5. End of the War Grant controls Grant controls
Richmond after siegeRichmond after siege Sherman begins to Sherman begins to
move northmove north– Destroys South CarolinaDestroys South Carolina
Appomattox Court Appomattox Court HouseHouse– April 9, 1865, Lee April 9, 1865, Lee
surrenders to Grant surrenders to Grant at Appomattox at Appomattox Court House, VACourt House, VA
– Solemn and Solemn and dignifieddignified
Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth leads failed plot to kill John Wilkes Booth leads failed plot to kill General Grant, Vice President Johnson, General Grant, Vice President Johnson, Secretary of State Seward, and President Secretary of State Seward, and President LincolnLincoln
April 14, 1865April 14, 1865– 5 days after war’s end5 days after war’s end– Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.– Booth mortally wounds LincolnBooth mortally wounds Lincoln
Died the next morningDied the next morning
– Booth killed in a tobacco warehouse in VirginiaBooth killed in a tobacco warehouse in Virginia
Why the North wonWhy the North won
Better technologyBetter technology Large populationLarge population Abundant resourcesAbundant resources Fearless leaders who would do Fearless leaders who would do
anything to win (Grant, Sherman)anything to win (Grant, Sherman) Steady leadership of LincolnSteady leadership of Lincoln Decision to proclaim emancipationDecision to proclaim emancipation
ImpactImpact
600,000 dead600,000 dead Hundreds of thousands more woundedHundreds of thousands more wounded Harsh reality of total warHarsh reality of total war Southern terrain devastatedSouthern terrain devastated New opportunities for southern blacks but New opportunities for southern blacks but
also obstaclesalso obstacles War helped cement federal authorityWar helped cement federal authority Matthew Brady – Civil War photographsMatthew Brady – Civil War photographs How will the South rebuild?How will the South rebuild?