The Space Race The Space Race

Space Technology and Early Space Technology and Early Space MissionsSpace Missions

Race for SpaceRace for Space Early on – race was between Early on – race was between Russia Russia

(USSR)(USSR) and the and the USAUSA.. Cold War Cold War competition for superiority.competition for superiority.

RussiaRussia puts the first artificial satellite puts the first artificial satellite into space – into space – SputnikSputnik - October 4, 1957 - October 4, 1957 the size of a the size of a beach ball beach ball - 22.8 inches in - 22.8 inches in

diameterdiameter weighed only 183.9 poundsweighed only 183.9 pounds took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth

on its on its ellipticalelliptical path. path. ushered in new political, military, ushered in new political, military,

technological, and scientific technological, and scientific developments. developments.

First Man in SpaceFirst Man in Space

Yuri Gagarin Yuri Gagarin – – RussianRussian cosmonaut cosmonaut April 12, 1961April 12, 1961

First American in SpaceFirst American in SpaceDuring Project During Project MercuryMercury

(1959-1963) – America’s (1959-1963) – America’s 11stst Space Travel MissionSpace Travel Mission

Alan Shepard Alan Shepard – May 5, – May 5, 19611961Objective was to orbit a Objective was to orbit a

man man in space safelyin space safelyShepard orbited Earth in Shepard orbited Earth in

the Freedom 7 capsule for the Freedom 7 capsule for 15 minutes.15 minutes.

America’s 2America’s 2ndnd Project Project

Project Project GeminiGemini – roughly ran – roughly ran from 1962-1966from 1962-1966 ObjectivesObjectives

To subject man and To subject man and equipmentequipment to space flight up to space flight up to two weeks in durationto two weeks in duration

To link To link twotwo spacecrafts in spacecrafts in spacespace

All objectives were All objectives were precursor for the moon precursor for the moon landing project in the landing project in the worksworks

To the MoonTo the Moon

Project Project ApolloApollo – America’s 3 – America’s 3rdrd Space Travel Space Travel MissionMissionObjectives (1968-1972)Objectives (1968-1972)

To establish the technology to meet other national To establish the technology to meet other national interests in space; interests in space;

To achieve To achieve preeminencepreeminence in space for the United in space for the United States; States;

To carry out a program of scientific To carry out a program of scientific exploration of the exploration of the MoonMoon; ;

To develop man's capability to work in the To develop man's capability to work in the lunarlunar environment. environment.

Apollo 11 – First Successful Apollo 11 – First Successful Manned Mission to the MoonManned Mission to the Moon

July 16 – 24, 1969July 16 – 24, 1969 Men aboardMen aboard

Neil A. Armstrong – Neil A. Armstrong – 11stst Man on Man on the Moonthe Moon

"THAT'S ONE SMALL STEP FOR A "THAT'S ONE SMALL STEP FOR A MAN, ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MAN, ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND." MANKIND."

Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. (also walked on (also walked on the moon)the moon)

Michael Collins Michael Collins (piloted the (piloted the command spacecraft around the moon command spacecraft around the moon while Armstrong & Aldrin were on while Armstrong & Aldrin were on moon)moon)

Neil Armstrong – 1930 - 2012Neil Armstrong – 1930 - 2012

Died at the age of 82 on Died at the age of 82 on August 25, 2012August 25, 2012

Buried on August 30Buried on August 30thth, the , the day of a blue moon.day of a blue moon.

Michael Collins and Buzz Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin are still aliveAldrin are still alive

Main Technology Used by World Main Technology Used by World Space AgenciesSpace Agencies

RocketsRocketsSatellitesSatellitesProbesProbesShuttles (retired)Shuttles (retired)Space StationsSpace Stations

RocketsRockets

Used as propulsion system to Used as propulsion system to get satellites, probes, capsules get satellites, probes, capsules (earlier in space program), and (earlier in space program), and shuttles into orbit and/or space.shuttles into orbit and/or space.

Will once again be turned to for Will once again be turned to for space travel space travel after shuttle after shuttle retirement in 2011retirement in 2011

Redstone rocket with Mercury capsule

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites

Man made object launched into Man made object launched into orbitorbit… stays in the orbit of … stays in the orbit of Earth.Earth.

Examples include: Examples include: SputnikSputnik Hubble Telescope Hubble Telescope Military SatellitesMilitary Satellites

Used for Used for weather forecastingweather forecasting, , observations of space (space observations of space (space telescopes), telescopes), militarymilitary, GPS , GPS (global positioning system), (global positioning system), mapping mapping Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface, etc., etc.

ProbesProbes Un-manned craft that leaves Un-manned craft that leaves Earth’s orbit Earth’s orbit to travel to travel deeperdeeper into space to study other bodies in space. into space to study other bodies in space.

Gave us our Gave us our first close encounter first close encounter with far away with far away planets and their moonsplanets and their moons

Delivered to locations via high powered rocketsDelivered to locations via high powered rockets Examples include:Examples include:

Voyager I & II Voyager I & II – traveling out of solar system– traveling out of solar system GalileoGalileo – traveled to Jupiter – traveled to Jupiter VikingViking – Mars – Mars Magellan - VenusMagellan - Venus ESA's Huygens – on Saturn’s moon TitanESA's Huygens – on Saturn’s moon Titan Stardust – Comet Wild 2Stardust – Comet Wild 2

Importance to space program – collect planet, Importance to space program – collect planet, moon, comet, asteroid information…without moon, comet, asteroid information…without risking risking human lifehuman life..

Probe to Mars AnimationProbe to Mars Animation

Space ShuttlesSpace Shuttles 11stst Re-usableRe-usable space craft created. 1 space craft created. 1stst launch in launch in 19811981.. Is unable to leave Is unable to leave Earth’s orbitEarth’s orbit… cannot go to the moon… cannot go to the moon Examples include:Examples include:

ColumbiaColumbia (2003 explosion) (2003 explosion) DiscoveryDiscovery ChallengerChallenger (1987 explosion) (1987 explosion) PathfinderPathfinder AtlantisAtlantis

Importance to Space Program - Starting with Columbia Importance to Space Program - Starting with Columbia and continuing with Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and and continuing with Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour, the spacecraft has carried people into orbit Endeavour, the spacecraft has carried people into orbit repeatedly, launched, recovered and repaired repeatedly, launched, recovered and repaired satellitessatellites, , conducted cutting-edge conducted cutting-edge researchresearch and built the largest and built the largest structure in space, the structure in space, the International Space StationInternational Space Station..

~Retired in 2011—Last shuttle flight ended July 21, 2011.~Retired in 2011—Last shuttle flight ended July 21, 2011.

Space StationsSpace Stations

Living quarters for people in Living quarters for people in space with own environmental space with own environmental controls – orbits Earth (artificial controls – orbits Earth (artificial satellite)satellite)

Examples include:Examples include: International Space Station International Space Station

(current)(current) SkylabSkylab (out of commission) (out of commission) MirMir (Russian – out of commission) (Russian – out of commission)

Now – To Mars!Now – To Mars! The Curiosity Rover landed on Mars on August 5The Curiosity Rover landed on Mars on August 5 thth, ,

20122012 Will use an on-board chemistry lab to analyze Will use an on-board chemistry lab to analyze

Mars rocks, and send HD photos. Mars rocks, and send HD photos. http://distancetomars.com/