Instructor’s Review for Final
Exams
The Nervous System
Divisions of the Central Nervous
System?
Brain and spinal cord.
Key word, central.
Divisions of the nervous
system
Central and Peripheral
Coverings of the Brain and Spinal cord
The meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Also called the Dural tube when referring just to the spinal cord
Cerebral spinal fluid flows in the subarachnoid space, provides buoyancy and protection to the CNS
Rectus Capitis posterior minor is said to have an attachment to the Dura mater
Cranial Nerves – 12 Pairs
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Spinal Nerves –31 Pairs
Exit from the spinal cord
Combine, or meet in areas
we call plexuses.
The Four most important
Cervical plexus (C1-5)
Brachial plexus (C5-T1)
Lumbar plexus (L1-4)
Sacral plexus (L4/L5-S4)
SPINALNERVES
8
12
5
5
1
The Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic
Skeletal muscles
and sensory
organs
Voluntary
Autonomic
Involuntary (self-governing)
Viscera, heart and glands
Parasympathetic Vs. Sympathetic
Sympathetic
fight or flight
Parasympathetic
rest and repose
Sympathetic Response
Afferent vs. Efferent
The Brain And Its Parts
The Cerebrum -the largest portion of the
brain, the area of consciousness, intellect and
emotion, and skeletal motor movements
The Cerebellum-second largest part of brain,
controls co-ordination, balance, posture, muscle tone and complex movements
Brain Stem – Continuous with the spinal cord
midbrain (conducts impulses from the cerebrum to the pons
and sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus as
well as controls eye, head and neck movements in response to
visual and auditory stimulus),
pons varolli (relays impulses from one side of the cerebellum to
the other and helps control breathing)
medulla oblongata (conducts sensory and motor impulses
between the brain and spinal cord, and controls respiration,
cardiovascular impulses, digestive secretions, most vital
functions). The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of
the brainstem
Diencephalon –
thalamus (sends sensory info to appropriate areas of the
cerebrum)
hypothalamus (regulates ANS and endocrine system by
controlling the pituitary gland, as well as circadian rhythm)
B R A I N & S P I N A L C O R D
FINAL & MBLX REVIEW
Plain & Simple Guide to Therapeutic
Massage & Bodywork Examinations
1. It is estimated that the human brain contains ______
neurons.
a. Approximately 1 million
b. Approximately 10,000
c. Approximately 10 million
d. Approximately 100 billion
GENERAL REVIEW
22. Intelligence, reasoning, and emotion are
facilitated in the ______ area of the brain.
a. Motor
b. Sensory
c. Association
d. Somatic
GENERAL REVIEW
3. The Wernicke area of the brain ______.
a. Allows recognition of colors
b. Interprets speech
c. Causes sinuses to drain
d. Controls intentional movements
GENERAL REVIEW
4. There are ______ pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord.
a. 31
b. 32
c. 33
d. 34
GENERAL REVIEW
5. The meninges include ______.
a. Spinal and cranial meninges
b. Cervical and abdominal meninges
c. Cervical and cranial meninges
d. Spinal and thoracic meninges
GENERAL REVIEW
6. Past sensory experiences are stored in the ______.
a. Broca area
b. Arachnoid villi
c. Motor area
d. Somatosensory association area
GENERAL REVIEW
7. The part of the brain associated with long-term
memory is the ______.
a. Hypothalamus
b. Medulla oblongata
c. Hippocampus
d. Pons
GENERAL REVIEW
8. Melatonin and serotonin are produced in the
______.
a. Pituitary gland
b. Thyroid gland
c. Sebaceous gland
d. Pineal gland
GENERAL REVIEW
9. The protective layer that keeps most substances
from penetrating through to the brain from the blood is
the ______.
a. CAT
b. CIA
c. BBB
d. AAL
GENERAL REVIEW
10. The long tubules extending from the arachnoid
and pia mater that act as one-way valves for the
cerebrospinal fluid are the ______.
a. Erector pili
b. Intake channels
c. Arachnoid villi
d. Pia mater
GENERAL REVIEW
11. Respiratory functions are regulated in the ______.
a. Cerebellum
b. Solar plexus
c. Amygdala
d. Choroid plexus
GENERAL REVIEW
12. The CIA is the ______.
a. Cerebral integrative area
b. Common intelligence area
c. Cervical integrative area
d. Common integrative area
GENERAL REVIEW
13. The spinal cord extends ______.
a. From the medulla oblongata to the first lumbar
vertebra
b. From the occiput to the coccyx
c. From the medulla oblongata to the second
lumbar vertebra
d. From C-1 to the sacrum
GENERAL REVIEW
14. The ______ controls higher intelligence and
reasoning.
a. Cerebellum
b. Cerebrum
c. Brain stem
d. Midbrain
GENERAL REVIEW
15. The ______ is a small almond-shaped structure.
a. Amygdala
b. Cauda equine
c. Basal ganglia
d. Sulcus
GENERAL REVIEW