P The nobles and merchants wanted to be independent from the bishops and when this happened the created the city-states
middle and lower class citz. can not hold office
middle class rose up and took over nobles and created republican city-stated but they didn't last b/c they destroyed the working class
Milan was overthrown by their army
papal states
endless cycles of wars and alliances caused a problem
Cicero argued that the edu. upper class should provide leadership for society
humanist believed Italy should be united under one man
Italy was taken by Hapsburg
resident ambassadors
E The merchant class was emerging
made economic family ties
R Dominican preacher Savonarola tries to bring the Church controlled republic back and was executed by the papacy for heresy
papal states
magi thought Gods are divine humans that were made to help humans
S
IWith all the danger from other city-states, the intellectuals looked into the past for information
everyone shifted their attention to humanism then later philosophy (greek)
Discovered secrets to the Pagan world including alchemy, astrology, magic
Oration on the Divinity of Man- series of 900 theses on all knowledge
humanist looked to docs. rather than miracles to explain events
A Cosimo de' Medici marked a huge artistic achievement
Cosimo's son overthrew him and was a poet
the church was the biggest contributor of art
patronage art- used to show wealth or power
decorating tombs and churches
famous artist