Celebration of Independence Week
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Infante Henry, Duke of Viseu
Henry the Navigator1400 A.D.
in search of west African riches
1481, John II of Portugal The silk route
8 July 1497 -- 170 men
20 May 1498
D. Vasco da Gama
55 returned
Vasco Da Gama: meeting the King Zamorin of Calicut Kozhikode after landing at Kappad Beach in Calicut Kozhikode
13 September 1500
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Route taken by Cabral from Portugal to India in 1500 (in red), and the return route (in blue)
12 February 1502. 15 ships and 00 men left Lisbon on
October 1502
In 1661 Portugal was at war with Spain and needed support from England. This led to the marriage of Princess Catherine of Portugal to Charles II of England, with a dowry that included the city of Bombay.
Portuguese Armada vs Chartered Fleets
French in india
Their first establishment was in Pondicherry on the Coromandel Coast in southeastern India
1674
1615
English factory at Surat
23 June 1757,
Siraj-ud-dulah
The British, worried about being outnumbered, formed a conspiracy with Siraj-ud-Daulah's demoted army chief Mir Jafar,
Plan of battle of Plassy
The Maratha Empire was founded in 1674 by
Shivaji of the Bhosle dynasty
12 July 1739 –gave the British East India Company rights to free trade in Maratha territory
May 1739Marathas defeat the Portuguese at neighboring Vasai in
May 1782, Mahadji Shinde. The foresight of Warren Hastings was the main reason for the success of the British in the war.
In the south, the Nizam of Hyderabad had enlisted the support of the French for his war against the Marathas.In reaction to this, the Peshwa requested support from the British, but was refused.
1760 - First Anglo – Mysore War 1784 - Second Anglo - Mysore War Treaty of Mangalore
Nawab Tipu Sultan Bahadur Sher-e-Mysore
1788
In 1791 his opponents advanced on all fronts, with the main British force under Cornwallis taking Bangalore and threatening Srirangapatna.
attack on Travancore would be treated as a declaration of war on the company
a Mahratta army of some 30,000 under the command of Purseram Bhow, accompanied by a detachment of British troops from Bombay, began marching toward Mysore
25,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry under the command of Hurry Punt
1792
Tipu sultan was forced to cede half his territories to the allies, and deliver two of his sons as hostages until he paid in full three crores and thirty lakhs rupees fixed as war indemnity to the British for the campaign against him. He paid the amount in two installments and got back his sons from Madras.
Nizam of Hyderabad consisting of ten battalions and over 16,000 cavalry, and many soldiers were
sent by the Marathas
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Thus the soldiers in the British force numbered over 50,000 soldiers
soldiers whereas Tipu Sultan had only about
30,000 soldiers
Tipu Sultan died defending his capital on 4 May, 1799
Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818)
Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805)
In 1835 English was made the medium of instruction in India's schools. Western-educated Hindu elites sought to rid Hinduism of controversial social practices, including the varna caste system, child marriage, and sati.
1803 – Sahayak Sandhi
1828 – Raja Rammohanray, - Brahmsamaj
1829 – lord willium battic – sati praatha
The Sikh kingdom of Punjab was expanded and consolidated by Maharajah Ranjit Singh during the early years of the nineteenth century
The Harmandir Sahib
1839 – Maharaja Ranjit Singh died the Sikh Empire began to fall into disorder
A double-edged sword also called a Khanda which is in the centre Chakkar.Two single-edged swords, or kirpans, are crossed at the bottom and sit on either side of the Khanda and Chakkar. They represent the dual characteristics of Miri-Piri, indicating the integration of both spiritual and temporal sovereignty together and not treating them as two separate and distinct entities.
British Raj in India
Celebration of Independence Week
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The journey will be continued tomorrow….