Chapter 5 Section 3 & 4
THE ANCIENT GREEKS
Ionia
Goals of Pericles:Strengthen DemocracyHold and Strengthen the EmpireGlorify Athens
Athenian Political LifeDirect democracy
Citizens rule directly, not through representatives Paid public officials, citizen juries, law-making
assembly
Age of Pericles (461bc – 429bc)
Funeral Oration- Speech by PericlesStressed rights and duties of citizenshipEarliest expressions of democratic ideals
Economic and Cultural LifeMuch prosperityTurned Athens into the cultural center of Greece
Peloponnesian League- to counter Delian League
431bc – 404bc: Sparta captures AthensResults:
Ended Athenian dominationBut Athens still cultural center
Democratic government sufferedCorruption, self interest replaced ideal of service to
the stateMuch warfare among the city-states
Peloponnesian War
Phillip II- ruler of MacedoniaFather of AlexanderConquers Greece 338bc
Alexander becomes ruler when Phillip diesConquers Persian empire by 331bcEstablishes empire from Greece to Egypt and India
Legacy:Spread of Greek culture – most lasting achievementFounded Hellenistic Civilization
Blending of eastern and western culturesAlexandria- heart of Hellenistic world
Great center of learning Great opportunities for women
Alexander the Great