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VANESSA C.SALILIG FATIMA MAE P.BASTASA
DEEAN URSULA
G. CATIS
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Teleological
Theory
BY: FATIMA MAE P.
BASTASA, RN
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TELE O
LOGICAL
T HEORY
02
Greek word telos, teleos meaningpurpose or end
the end justifies the means Focus on the consequence of an act A.K.A - CONSEQUENTIALIST
MEAN MEAN MEAN
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A. DOES NOT LISTEN
NO IDEA FAIL INEXAM
SPEAKER GETSDISTRACTED
WASTE TIME TEACHER CALLS YOUR
ATTENTION CLASSMATES WILL
THINK THAT YOU SUCK
B. LISTENS
UNDERSTANDS THELECTURE AND GET AHIGH GRADE
CLASSMATES WILL NOTBE BOTHERED
COMPLIMENT TO THESPEAKER
TEACHER WILL GIVE YOUHIGH GRADE INCONDUCT
03
WHICH CONSEQUENCE IS MOREFAVORABLE?
THEREFORE, THE ACT/MEAN ISETHICAL .
CONSEQUENCES
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04
3 DistinctClassifications of
Consequentialist
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05
HAPPYME
Egoist say: ONE SHOULD ALWAYS ACT TO PRODUCE THE GREATEST RATIOOF HAPPINESS OVER UNHAPPINESS
FOR THE ONE ACTING
1. Ethical Egoism
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2. Ethical Altruism
MORE FAVORABLE THANUNFAVORABLE TO EVERYONEEXCEPT THE MORAL AGENT
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3. Ethical Utilitarianism
MORE FAVORABLE THAN
UNFAVORABLE TO EVERYONE
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UT IL ITA R IA NISM
08To a utilitarian, thechoice that yieldsthe greatest benefitto the most peopleis the choice that isethically correct.
UTILITARIANISMUTILITARIANISM
Everyone should perform that act or follow that moral rule which will bringabout the greatest good for everyone
concerned
PLEASURE VS.PAIN
HAPPINESS VS.UNHAPPINESS
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10
THE GREATEST HAPPINESSTHE GREATEST HAPPINESSFOR THE GREATESTFOR THE GREATESTNUMBERNUMBER
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10 Consider the following scenario:A doctor is working in the Accident and Emergency
Department of a hospital. A homeless man is brought in with braindamage sustained in a road traffic accident. The doctor recognises him; the man has no family and is in reasonablephysical, if not mental, health. The doctor knows there is still timeto save the mans life. He also knows that if he does not starttreatment, the man will suffer brain death and his organs couldpossibly be used to improve the quality of or even save severalother peoples lives. Assuming there is no penalty associated witheither choice, what would a strict utilitarian do?
Save the mans lifeContact the transplant team to ready them to harvest any availableorgans
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11 TWO TYPES OFUTILITARIANISM
ACT UTILITARIANISM RULE UTILITARIANISM
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Morality of any action isdependent upon itsconsequences
Explore all possibilities
Choose the action thathas the greatest utility
Rule is freedom
Rule is morally right if theconsequences of adopting the rule are
more favorable thanunfavorable to everyone
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13 Imagine the following scenario.A prominent and much-loved leader has been rushed to the
hospital, grievously wounded by an assassins bullet. He needs a heart
and lung transplant immediately to survive. No suitable donors are
available, but there is a homeless person in the emergency room who is
being kept alive on a respirator, who probably has only a few days to live,
and who is a perfect donor. Without the transplant, the leader will die; the
homeless person will die in a few days anyway. Security at the hospital is
very well controlled. The transplant team could hasten the death of the
homeless person and carry out the transplant without the public ever
knowing that they killed the homeless person for his organs. What
should they do?
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14 Utilitarian View:
-For act utilitarians , the situation
is more complex. If secrecy
were guaranteed, the overall
consequences might be such
that in this particular instance
greater utility is produced by
hastening the death of the
homeless person and using his
organs for the transplant.
For rule utilitarians , this isan easy choice. No onecould approve a generalrule that lets hospitals killpatients for their organswhen they are going to dieanyway. Theconsequences of adoptingsuch a general rule wouldbe highly negative andwould certainly underminepublic trust in the medicalestablishment.
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15 Euthanasiaa good deathActive, Passive,Voluntary, Involuntary
Both Bentham and Mill arguedthat euthanasia should be allowedfor certain reasons
WHAT DO THE THEORIESTHAT WE HAVE STUDIEDSAYABOUT EUTHANASIA?
concerned withconsequences, not with acts
themselves Less pain only interested in happiness
BUT,Act and rule utilitarianism
would, (probably!) notallow
involuntary euthanasia
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A BRAIN-DEAD MOTHER GIVESBIRTH
ROSA J suffered a fatal seizure while she was 23 weeks pregnant.
After the seizure, Rosa J was placed on life-support systems but was declared
brain-dead the next day. She was kept on life-support systems for nine weeks,
however, until she gave birth to a healthy baby girl by caesarean section.During this time, the physicians used steroids to help the lungs of the fetus
mature and monitored fetal growth with ultrasound examinations. Rosa j was
fed intravenously and given antibiotics for infections when necessary. After the
birth, the life support systems were disconnected. The baby was given anexcellent chance to survive, although she weighed only three pounds. From the
time of the seizure, all decisions about Rosa J and the fetus she was carrying
were made by physicians in consultation with Rosa Js family.
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CRIT ICIS MS
17 CRITICISMSCRITICISMS
Future consequences are difficult to predict
Measuring and comparing the 'goodness' of
consequences is very difficult
It ignores things we regard as ethically
relevant