Agenda
BackgroundProblem StatementSpecificationsConstraintsCriteria
Potential TechnologiesSolarElectric BoilerCondensing BoilerGeothermal Heat Pump
Other ConsiderationsReferences
Background
Christ the King Church49 acres in Southgate, MI8 buildings totalConstructed in mid-1970’sPrior to purchase buildings were not used for 10 years
Background – Cont'd
1
23
456
7
8
Bldg # Building Usage
1 Fellowship Hall
2 Administration & Maintenance
3 Clinic / Service Center
4 - 5 Grade School (Connected)
6 Early Childhood Center
7 - 8 Senior Daycare Center
•Remodeling of building #6 has been completed•Building 1 and 4 are planned to be connected via new sanctuary
http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl
Problem Statement
To design a heating and cooling system for four existing buildings, with current construction plans, that can be adaptable to surrounding buildings. The system will be energy efficient, have low operating costs, and be long- lasting. Our priority will be to design a system that utilizes renewable energy as the main component.
Specifications
Improve on performance of current ECC installed systemUtilize an adaptable, renewable energy systemProvide designs for a system that has low operating costs and a longer than 10-year lifespan
Constraints
Utilize existing ductwork and pipingUse already existing space for heating and coolingHave a payback of construction costs within 10 yearsSystem placement with respect to current building and campus layout
Criteria
Maximize the use of renewable energyMinimize the installation and operating costsOptimize use of landMaximize system reliability and efficiency
Solar Heating and Cooling
Step OneSunlight heats a transfer fluidThis heat is transferred to a hot water storage tank
Step TwoUsing a chiller, the hot water is brought to 140°F or 44°F for heating or coolingExcess heat is expelled by a cooling tower
http://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-system
Solar Heating and Cooling
Step Three An Energy exchanger uses the hot or cold water to heat or cool air to be delivered throughout the building
Step FourWhile cooling at night, cold water is sent the chiller for naturally cooling
http://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-system
Solar Heating and Cooling
AdvantagesProvides renewable energy for heating, cooling, and hot waterIntegrates with existing ventilation systemLower maintenance costs due to fewer moving partsSolar panels are less expensive since they do not actually produce electricity
Solar Heating and Cooling
DisadvantagesCannot relieve dependence on grid energyRequires a supplementary system as a backup
http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl
http://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-system
Electric Boiler
Electro-Industries
Rated for 60-300 kWh
40 gallon capacity
ASME and CSA certified
http://www.electromn.com/
Electric BoilerAdvantages
Simple & easy to useSafeReliableCompactEfficient (100% theoretically)Environmentally friendly
Electric BoilerDisadvantages
More expensive than gas-fired or oil-fired
Electric power source = Coal-fired power plant
Electric power source = Wind/water turbine
Condensing Boiler Also known as high efficiency boiler
Built out of a corrosion resistant material to withstand condensation of steam.
By releasing the flue gases at lower temperatures, there is a 20% energy loss avoided.
Up to a 98% efficiency http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DSCN5370.JPG
Natural Gas Boiler
AdvantagesRetrofitting is done more easily
High efficiency
Minimal space usage
DisadvantagesUses non-renewable fuel
Maintenance
High initial cost
Geothermal Heat PumpA few feet under the ground, the soil or water remain a constant 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (10-15 degrees Celsius) year-round. Fluid circulates through a series of pipes (called a loop) under the ground or beneath the water of a pond or lake and into a building. An electric compressor and heat exchanger pull the heat from the pipes and send it via a duct system throughout the building. In the summer the process is reversed. The pipes draw heat away from the house and carry it to the ground or water outside, where it is absorbed.
http://www.fonko.com.mk/klima/product_images/gtp_v-v_slika.gif
Geothermal Heat Pump
Open Loop – ground wateris used as heat carrier
Closed Loop– heat exchange fluid is used
http://www.geoprodesign.com/media/asset/open-loop.jpg
http://www.nyserda.org/programs/geothermal/images/GeothermalHeatPumpWinter2.jpg
Geothermal Heat Pump
• Vertical Loop – Loops extend 75 to 300 ft into the ground
• Used when space is limited
• Horizontal– loops are laid 6 ft into the ground
• Requires large ground area
http://www.excelenergysolutions.com/images/vertical-loop.gif
http://www.prairielandelectric.com/images/Red-Roofed-Geo-House-Horizo.jpg
Geothermal Heat Pump
Advantages
Low Operating Cost No Required Exposed Outdoor Equipment Long Life Expectancy Low Cost Integrated Water Heating Low Maintenance No Supplemental Heat Required Low Environmental Impact
Disadvantages
High first cost of GHP systems to consumersLack of consumer knowledge and/or trust or confidence in GHP system benefitsLimitations of GHP installation infrastructure
ReferencesOmer M.A.(2008), "Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol 12, pp 344-371. http://www.viessmann.co.uk/downloads/CondensingBoilers.pdfhttp://www.bluevalleyenergy.com/boilers.phphttp://www.energysolutionscenter.org/boilerburner/Eff_Improve/Primer/Boiler_Introduction.asphttp://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-systemhttp://www.electromn.com/