1. Swine workers: An emerging risk group for
community-associated methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)3070.0.4 Abby L. Harper, Michael J. Male, Raymond P.
Scheibel, Blake M. Hanson, Tara C. Smith Department of
Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa
City, IAABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRESULTS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PANEL Of
those tested, all resistant to penicillin,Over the past decade, the
epidemiology of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Human
MRSA Prevalence by Farm oxacillin,
tetracyclinemethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 80.0 MRSA
is estimated to affect 94,360 people in the U.S.,75.0(MRSA) has
undergone significant changes.leading to an estimated 18,650 deaths
(1) 71.5 3/15 also resistant to erythromycin &70.0Once
primarily a hospital-based clindamycinpathogen, MRSA is now found
increasingly inPercent Colonized with MRSA MRSA had become the most
frequent cause of skin and 60.0the community, and this bacterium
has causedsoft tissue infections presenting to
emergency53.6SUMMARY50.0serious infections in individuals with no
history departments. (5 ) 50.0of hospitalization. Recent research
has also 45.8Humans Individuals exposed to swine, especially
inshown that swine and swine farmers areSwineconfinement
operations, are at risk for MRSA Approximately 30% of the general
population carries a 40.0 carriagecolonized with MRSA at high
levels in thestrain of S. aureus.Netherlands and Canada. With Iowa
raising 1630.0 25.0million hogs a year in a $4 billion a year MRSA
is present in U.S. swine (11% tested MRSA carriage rate in the
general population is 20.0 16.7 to date)industry, we set out to
examine the prevalence of estimated to be approximately 1.5%
(6)MRSA in swine from Iowa and Illinois. 10.010.0Therefore, we
collected samples from swine on Swine workers tested had high
carriage rate17 different farms (8 confinement, 9 antibiotic(31.4%
overall, 44.3% in confinementMethicillin Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus - Swine0.0free) in Iowa and Illinois. To date, no MRSA
hasworkers) Dutch study finds persons exposed to swine at Farm
1Farm 3 Farm 6 Farm 9Farm 15been found on organic farms in Iowa.
Nasal CONCLUSIONS increased risk of MRSA carriage (3) Farms not
listed were negative for MRSA.swabs were taken from 408 swine.
Overall Farm 1: humans (15/28), swine (176/246); Farm 3: humans
(9/12), swine First identification of ST398 in the UnitedMRSA
prevalence in swine was found to be 11% Dutch studies confirms that
swine-associated MRSA had(11/24); Farm 6: swine (4/24); Farm 9:
humans (2/4); Farm 15: humansStates(45/408). MRSA prevalence in
confinement recently entered the human population, and is now
(1/10), swine (6/24).swine was 24% (45/192). These results show
responsible for >20% of all MRSA infections in The Swine are a
reservoir for MRSAthat colonization of swine by MRSA is very
Netherlands (4)common on the farm system we examined in the Farm 1:
MRSA Prevalence in Pigs100 100100 Swine strains of MRSA may be
transmitted toMidwestern U.S., adding to the concern about Canadian
study finds MRSA commonly found in pigs in 90 exposed swine
workersdomestic animal species as a reservoir of this Ontario,
Canada (2) Percent of pigs colonized with MRSAbacterium. In
addition to swine, nasal andpharyngeal swabs were taken from
humans.80 STUDY LIMITATIONS No data available on MRSA carriage in
swine in the U.S.Overall MRSA prevalence in humans was 34.1%63 This
study is ongoing, additional herds need to(27/86). Humans working
in confinement60 be sampled and further testing andoperations had a
prevalence of 44.3% (27/61). 5050 characterization of MRSA isolates
needs to beIndividuals exposed to swine, especially inSTUDY
QUESTIONS STUDY PROTOCOL accomplished.confinement operations, are
risk for MRSA 4036carriage. Additional studies are ongoing to No
human non-swine exposed controls haveexamine is the prevalence of
MRSA carriage in What the carriage rates of MRSA in rural been
sampled yet.Iowa. specific swine herds within Iowa and Illinois?
Population: 20 Swine-exposed individuals (n=86) and various aged
Chain of transmission is currently unknown. What is the prevalence
of MRSA carriage in swine (n=408) from 17 herds in Iowa and
Illinois. 0swine farm workers on these same farms? 9 1215 1821 24
Adult FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further plans call for the sampling of at
least 18 herds in Age of Pig (weeks) Which MRSA strains are found
in these Iowa and Illinois 9 confinement facilities and
9organic/antibiotic free farms. More general study of MRSA in rural
Iowapopulations as characterized by genotypic sub No MRSA found to
date on organic farms in Iowatyping methods (MLST, PFGE, and
SCCmec)? All isolates examined to date were pvl negative and found
to be sequence type 398 by Population prevalence and strain types
IRB / ICAUC approval was obtained prior to collection. MLST What is
the relationship between human and - Same strain as in the Dutch
and Canadian studies Animals other than swineswine strains of MRSA
in Iowa? - Also found in Denmark and GermanyQuestionnaire data:
Individuals completed questionnaires asking about swine Overall
prevalence, swine: 45/408(11%) WORKS CITED What are the risk
factors for colonization with Confinement swine: 45/192 (24%)MRSA
in swine workers exposed to MRSAexposure and personal protective
gear and practices. 1. Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S,
Gershman K, Raypositive swine? S, Harrison LH, Lynfield R, Dumyati
G, Townes JM, CraigSWINE WORKER RESULTSAS, Zell ER, Fosheim GE,
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E, van Santen-VerheuvelLaboratory Methods:This has also been found
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emergency PVL gene via PCRdepartment. NEJM. 2006;355:666-674.
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