STUDY OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY USING QUARRY DUST
1Sathish Kumar.K,
2Bala Ganesh.A,
3Hariharan.J,
4Dhakshan Khanna.Dand,
5Vimalraja.J.
1Assistant Professor,
2,3,4Student
1,2,3,4,5Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai.
Abstract: River sand is most commonly used fine
aggregate in concrete but due to acute shortage in
many areas, availability, cost and environmental
impact are major concern. To overcome from this
crisis, partial replacement of sand with quarry dust can
be an economic alternative. In this project determine
the strength and durability of concrete by using quarry
dust as sand and comparing with the conventional mix.
Large range of curing period of 28 days are consider in
the present study design mix of M20 grade concrete
with replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% quarry
dust organized as M1, M2, M3, and M4 respectively
have been consider for investigation. The compressive
strength (cube) and split tensile (cylinder) strength of
concrete were tested. The workability of concrete
increases with various percentage replacement of
quarry dust.
Keywords: Sand, quarry dust (QD), sieve analysis,
slum cone test,Compressive test
1. Introduction
Concrete is the necessary construction Material in a
building. The widely used composite material to
prepare concrete is natural sand, coarse aggregate and
binding material such as cement and water. Since we
have many construction works all over the world and
rapid increase in construction work and rapid increase
in price of the construction material. we have a large
demand in the natural resource of construction and
material demand also. There is a large scarce for river
sand all over the world as well as in India too. To solve
this problem, to reduces the making cost of the
concrete and to save the natural resource, we have to
choose an alternate material for the concrete materials.
So that we have choose some waste materials such as
quarry dust. That is crushed powder from rocks which
can be a replacement for fine aggregate. Which leads to
a cost reduction for making of concrete. Which can be
get easily from quarry waste, so that we can check the
workability and strength of the concrete. If it satisfies the
normal concrete quality and strength in we can use it as the
replacement for the fine aggregate[1-4].Continues research
efforts have established concrete as a versatile material,
concrete required for extensive construction activity can be
made available, since all the ingredients of concrete are of
geological origin. Concrete is an assemblage of cement,
aggregate and water. In the production of concrete,
granite/basalt stone and river sand are used as course and
fine aggregate, respectively although these materials are
usually available, at some places it is economical to
substitute these materials by locally available once. At the
same time increasing quantity of crushed stone dust is
available from crushers as waste. The disposal of this is a
serious environmental problem. If it is possible to use this
crushed stone dust in making concrete by partial
replacement of natural river sand, then this will not only
save the cost of construction but at the same time it will
solve the problem of disposal of this dust. On the other
hand, the advantages of utilization of byproducts or
aggregates obtained as waste materials are pronounced in
the aspects of reduction in environmental load & waste
management cost, reduction of production cost as well as
improving the quality of concrete. Quarry dust has been
used for different activities in the construction industry
such as road construction and manufacture of building
materials such as light weight aggregates, bricks, and tiles.
The use of quarry dust in concrete is desirable because of
its benefits such as useful disposal of byproducts, reduction
of river sand consumption as well as increasing the strength
parameters and increasing the workability of concrete (Jain
et. al., 1999). Attempts have been Concrete is an artificial
conglomerate stone made essentially of Portland cement,
water, fine and coarse aggregates.
2. Objective
❖ To study the workability of concrete using quarry dust.
❖ To study the properties of the quarry dust.
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 14 2017, 61-67ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
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❖ To study the compressive strength and tensile
strength of concrete with various percentage
replacement of quarry dust
3. Materials
3.1 Cement
Cement acts as a binding agent for materials. Cement is
the most expensive materials in concrete and it is
available in different forms. Depending upon the
chemical compositions, setting and pozzolana cement
and Ordinary Portland cement. In this report Ordinary
Portland cement (OPC) conforming to IS12269-2013 is
used for casting cubes and cylinder The properties of
cement that were studied are normal consistency,
fineness of cement and specific gravity and the test was
done as per IS 4301-988 (part5) . The Reports are in
table 1.
Table1. Physical Property Of Cement
SL.NO PROPERTY RESULT
1 FINENESS OF CEMENT 8.4%
2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF
CEMENT
3.0
3 NORMAL CONSISTENCY 33%
3.2 Fine Aggregate:
Fine aggregate used in this study is locally available
and confirmed to grading zone III as per IS 383-
1970.the aggregates whose size is less than 4.75mm.
Sand is generally considered to have a lower size limit
of about 0.07mm. The specific gravity of fine
aggregate was found out using pycnometer and sieve
analysis[15-17].
Table 2. Physical Property Of Fine Aggregate
SL.NO PROPERTY RESULT
1 SPECIFIC
GRAVITY OF
FINE
AGGREGATE
2.65
2 FINENESS
MODULUS
2.8
Figure 1. Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate
3.3 Coarse Aggregate:
The material whose particles are of size as retained on
4.75mm is sieve is termed as coarse aggregate. Coarse
aggregate shall consist of crushed or broken stones and be
hard, strong, dense, durable, clean or proper gradation.
Locally available coarse aggregate with maximum size of
20 mm and minimum size of 12.5mm were used in this
project report conforming to IS 383-1970. The properties of
coarse aggregates studied were impact value, los angel’s
abrasion test, devals abrasion test and specific gravity of
coarse aggregate[18].
Figure 2. Pycnometer
Figure 3. Impact Test
3.4 Water:
Water to be used in the concrete work should have
following properties: It should be free from adverse amount
of soils, acids, alkalis or other organic or inorganic
impurities. It should be free from iron, vegetable matter or
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any other type of substances, which are likely to have
adverse effect on concrete or reinforcement. It should
be fit for drinking purposes potable water available in
the premises was used for mixing and curing of
concrete[19].
3.5 Quarry Dust:
Quarry Dust can be defined as residue, tailing or other
non-voluble waste material after the extraction and
processing of rocks to form fine particles less than 4.75
mm. This product can be used for asphalt, substitute
for sand, and filling around pipes. Quarry dust can be
an economic alternative to the river sand. It is a waste
obtained during quarrying process. It has very recently
gained good attention to be used as an effective filler
material instead of fine aggregate. In the present study,
the hardened and durable properties of concrete
using quarry dust were investigated.
Figure 4. Quarry Dust
Mix Proportion Per M3 Of Concrete
Table 3. Mix proportion
WAT
ER
CEME
NT
FINE
AGGREG
ATE
COARSE
AGGREG
ATE
186
litres
372
kg/m3
694.83 kg 1219.23 kg
0.50 1 1.8 3.2
Therefore mix proportion adopted is 1 : 1.8 : 3.2
Casting Cube
Figure 5. Concrete Mixing
Casting
Casting of cube and cylinder for compressive and split
tensile strength of concrete the moulds used are cube of
dimension 150mmx150mmx150mm and the cylinder
moulds 110mm diameter 300mm height conforming to
IS10086-1982
Figure 6. Cylinder
Figure 7. Cube
4. Test For Concrete
Test done for workability:
Slump Test:
The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh
concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the
workability of freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease
with which concrete flows. It can also be used as an
indicator of an improperly mixed batch. The test is popular
due to the simplicity of apparatus used and simple
procedure. The slump test is used to ensure uniformity for
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different loads of concrete under field conditions.A
separate test, known as the flow table, or slump
test, is used for concrete that is too fluid (workable) to
be measured using the standard slump test, because the
concrete will not retain its shape when the cone is
removed.
Table 5. slump test value
Sl.no Mix ratio Slump value
1 0% 41
2 10% 44
3 20% 47
4 30% 49
Figure 8. Slump Test
Compaction Factor Test:
Compacting factor of fresh concrete is done to
determine the workability of fresh concrete by
compacting factor test. The apparatus used is
compacting factor apparatus. Procedure to determine
workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test.
The ratio of the weight of partially compacted concrete
to the weight of the concrete when fully compacted in
the same mould. The compacting factor apparatus is
used to determine the compaction factor of concrete
with low, medium and high workability.
different loads of concrete under field conditions.A
separate test, known as the flow table, or slump-flow,
used for concrete that is too fluid (workable) to
be measured using the standard slump test, because the
concrete will not retain its shape when the cone is
Slump value
Compacting factor of fresh concrete is done to
determine the workability of fresh concrete by
compacting factor test. The apparatus used is
compacting factor apparatus. Procedure to determine
workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test.
io of the weight of partially compacted concrete
to the weight of the concrete when fully compacted in
the same mould. The compacting factor apparatus is
used to determine the compaction factor of concrete
Figure 9. Compaction Factor
Compressive Strength Of Concrete Cube
Table 6. compressive strength of cube
SL.NO
MIX
RATIO
CUBES
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
(N/MM
7
DAYS
1 0% 13.26
2 10% 13.82
3 20% 12.01
4 30% 11.26
Figure 10. Compressive Strength Bar Graph
Compaction Factor
Compressive Strength Of Concrete Cube
compressive strength of cube
CUBES
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
DAYS
14
DAYS
28
DAYS
13.26 18.68 21.54
13.82 19.16 22.67
12.01 17.76 20.69
11.26 17.05 19.33
Compressive Strength Bar Graph
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64
Figure 11. compressive strength
Split Tensile Strength of Concrete Cylinder
Table 7. Split Tensile Strength of Cylinder
SL.NO
MIX
RATIO
CYLINDERS
SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
7
DAYS
14
DAYS
1 0% 2.312 2.080
2 10% 1.876 1.942
3 20% 1.529 1.664
4 30% 1.321 1.526
compressive strength
f Concrete Cylinder
f Cylinder
SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH
28
Days
2.829
2.021
1.986
1.751
Figure 12. Split Tensile Strength Graph
5. Conclusion
Based on the experimental investigation concerning
compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete
with quarry dust as a partial replacement of fine aggregate,
the following conclusion can be drawn:
1. The compressive strength of concrete is i
use of quarry dust up to 10% replacement of sand. From
10% there is decrease in compressive strength
2. The split tensile strength concrete is increased by the use
of quarry dust up to 0% replacement of fine aggregate.
From 10% there is a decrease in split tensile strength.
3. The compressive strength increase mainly depends on
the percentage of quarry dust because of its high pozzolanic
nature.
4. The workability of the concrete increase as the
percentage of quarry dust is increased.
5. The optimum percentage of replacement of sand by
quarry dust is 10% for M20 grade of concrete.
6. The optimum replacement is not beneficial in case of
split tensile strength for replacement of quarry dust.
7. The replacement of fine aggregate with qua
more cost economical.
8. The workability of the concrete increase as the
percentage of quarry dust is increased.
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Split Tensile Strength Graph
5. Conclusion
Based on the experimental investigation concerning
compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete
with quarry dust as a partial replacement of fine aggregate,
the following conclusion can be drawn:
1. The compressive strength of concrete is increased by the
use of quarry dust up to 10% replacement of sand. From
10% there is decrease in compressive strength
2. The split tensile strength concrete is increased by the use
of quarry dust up to 0% replacement of fine aggregate.
decrease in split tensile strength.
3. The compressive strength increase mainly depends on
the percentage of quarry dust because of its high pozzolanic
4. The workability of the concrete increase as the
percentage of quarry dust is increased.
5. The optimum percentage of replacement of sand by
quarry dust is 10% for M20 grade of concrete.
6. The optimum replacement is not beneficial in case of
split tensile strength for replacement of quarry dust.
7. The replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust is
8. The workability of the concrete increase as the
percentage of quarry dust is increased.
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