BIODIVERSITY STUDY OF DIATOMS FROM GANGA RIVER WATER AND
RESIDENTIAL POND WATER
Presented by: Camellia Roy 3rd year B.Sc Biotechnology (H) Gurunanak Institute of
Pharmaceutical Science & Technology
Overview :Introduction
Morphology
Classification
Collection and cleaning of diatoms
Results and discussions
Importance
Applications
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION:Diatoms are unicellular phototrophs that evolved
some 180 million years ago and may consist of more than 100,000 species (Drum and Gordon 2003; Kroth 2007)
Figure 1: Various shapes of Diatoms
Eukaryotic algae
Oxygen synthesizers on earth and as one of the most important sources of biomass in oceans.
Found in freshwater and marine environments
Diatom cells are contained within a unique silica cell wall called frustules, comprising two separate shells
Forms diatomaceous earth
Reproduction: Diatoms like all of protists are able to undergo sexual and asexual reproduction
MORPHOLOGY
Figure 2 : Descriptive morphology of the diatoms
CLASSIFICATION
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Chromalveolata
Phylum: Heterokontophyta
Class: Bacillariophyceae
Orders :Centrales Figure 3 Pennales
Round & Crawford (1990) and Hoek et al. (1995) provided more comprehensive coverage of diatom taxonomy.
COLLECTION OF DIATOMS
Figure 4: Diatoms collected from: (a) Ganga river water (b) residential pond
water
Continue.CLEANING OF DIATOMS
Figure 5: Cleaning of diatoms by: I) sodium hypochlorite solution and II) by
centrifugation
I) II)
Observations
Figure 6: Ganga river water
Figure 7 : View of residential pond water
Continue
IMPORTANCES OF DIATOMS
Responsible for 20%-25%of all carbon fixation (CO2 + H2O = sugars)
Contribute to atmospheric oxygen
Major component of plankton (source of food for many organisms
Age dating (many have short time ranges)
Dynamite, abrasive, filter, etc.
Grass of the Sea
APPLICATIONS OF DIATOMS Nutritional applications• Unsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids
Industrial applications• Carbohydrates for ethanol production via fermentation• Proteins for methane production via anaerobic gasification• Natural oils for biodiesel production
Conti…. Nanotechnology • Drug delivery
Phytoremediation of heavy metals contamination
CONCLUSION :
Future optimization of resource production via genetic manipulation is the method of choice for making diatom biotechnology not just viable but lucrative.Collection and studying of diatoms were performed successfully. The diatom-based indexes are widely used and have proved to work in many areas of the world. They are mainly used to detect organic pollution and eutrophy. The sampling procedures to ensure a good treatment and analysis of the samples are normalized.
REFERENCEKarthik B, Jonathan Charles Taylor,Mahesh M K and Ramachandran T V, 2010. “Protocols for collection, preservation and enumeration of Diatoms from Aquatic habitat for Water Quality in India, IUP Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, Vol III, No.1, 2010.2009_Bozarth et al Diatoms in biotechnology, modern tools and applicationsE. Virginia Armbrust. The life of diatoms in the world’s oceans. Nature, 459:185–192, 2009. Rebecca J. Bixby and Erik C. Zeek. A simple method for calculating valve curvature, journal = Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, volume = 160, number = 1, page=73, year = 2010.Tom Britton, Cajsa Lisa Anderson, David Jacquet, Samuel Lundqvist, and K˚are Bremer. Estimating divergence times in large phylogenetic trees. Systematic Biology, 56:741–752, 2007.C. Bowler et al. The phaeodactylum reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes. Nature, 456:239–244, 2008.Andrews, G. W. 1981. Revision of the diatom genus Delphineis and morphology of Delphineis surirella a new marine diatom. In Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms, ed. R. Ross, 81–92. Koenigstein: Otto Koeltz Science Publishers.
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