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Writing a Presentation
By: Bishara Adam
Structure of a speech (Introduction & Conclusion)
The introduction and conclusion; are vitally important occupy less than 20% of speaking time help listeners form impressions early leave lasting impressions
Types of Introductions Identification with audience Reference to situation Statement of purpose Statement of importance of topic Surprise audience with claim or statistic Anecdotal Story Rhetorical Question (Why me?) Quotation Humor
Functions of Introduction
Get Attention
Introduce Topic
Provide Motivation
Establish Credibility
Preview Speech
Ask a question/pose a statistic
“Did you know that adults who began volunteering as youth are twice as likely to volunteer as those who did not volunteer when they were younger?”
Examples of Introductions
Refer to something familiar
“Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Steve Jobs. These are all great inventors and innovators that have had an enormous effect on everyone living in the world today.”
Examples of Introductions
Preview
“I’ll begin with why volunteering first and foremost improves the lives of those being helped, then why it personally changes and benefits the person volunteering, and lastly I will convince you that the long term impacts of volunteering are high.”
Examples of Introductions
Preview
“To begin, I will tell you about the early life of Steve Jobs with his childhood and education. Then, I’ll tell you about his professional achievements, and lastly about his death.”
Examples of Introductions
Preview
“First, I will tell you what Eid is and where it came from; Second, I will tell you about the traditions and customs that go along with this holiday; and lastly, I will tell you about the activities that people like to participate in during this day.”
Examples of Introductions
Experience
“Volunteering is something that has been a huge part of my life for about 5 years.”
Examples of Introductions
Reason for choosing/Authority on Topic
“Steve Jobs had a personal impact on my own life by inspiring me to major in technology innovation. I’ve also read his biography recently.”
Examples of Introductions
How many people in here have a hard time balancing school work, working, family, and personal time?
For many of you in here, time management can be a major struggle, but it doesn’t have to be.
I’ve been effectively using time management strategies for years now, and it has made my life much easier to balance.
First, I’ll discuss how to manage your school time, then work time, and lastly family and personal time.
Examples of Introductions
Types of Conclusions
Summary
Quotation
Personal reference
Challenge to audience
Offer vision of the future
Functions of Conclusions
Summarize speech
Reemphasize main idea
Motivate response
Provide closure
Examples of ConclusionsTransition statement
“With that in mind, let me conclude.”
Examples of Conclusions
Recap
“First, I told you about the positive impact it has on the person being helped, then I told you about how it affects the volunteer and lastly I told you about the long term benefits of volunteering.”
Examples of Conclusions
Call to Action
I hope this inspires all of you to begin volunteering today!
Examples of Conclusions
Memorable thought
This is our time—let’s make a difference.”
Group Task
Choose a topic.
Discuss and write an introduction and a conclusion for the given type. ( 10 to 15 minutes to discuss)
Present the written introduction and conclusion.