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INDEX
Motivation
Street Hawkers
Scope of Survey
Features of Business Questionnaire
Statistics for Different Types of Hawkers
Regression Analysis & its Use
Comparisons of Revenue, Expenditure & Profit
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
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Just as Haldirams, Gianis,
Bittoo Tikkiwala started asvendors and now they are
BIG BRANDS today, we were
just inquisitive to know ifone of the vendors from ourown streets would actually
make it to the Guinness Bookof World Records!!!
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The popular GIANI DI HATTI,a rabri falooda shop in old Delhis Fatehpuriarea. Opened in 1950 by a refugee from Layallpur(Pakistan),Giani GurcharanSingh.The establishment has opened about 20 outlets in NCR in past oneyear.The joint which was popular for its falooda, shakes and moong dal halwa,are now of to 38 flavours of ice-creams.fruit-shakes, etc.GIANIS ICE-CREAMS HAS ITS NAME IN LIMCA BOOK OF WORLDRECORDS FOR MAKING VEGETARIAN ICE-CREAM
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It was started by Sati ram Yadav,a teacherrom Lucknow,who peddled his stuff from arehri in the early 1990s atPitampura(Delhi).Its now known as BTWand specializes in tikkis,bhala papri,golegappe,etc.
BTW IS NOW GIVEN AINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
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In 1937, Ganga Bishen Agarwal, ( known as Haldiram), opened a smallsweet shop in Bikaner, a small district in Rajasthan.Bhujia sev, a
salty snack prepared by Ganga Bishen, were very popular in Bikaner.Haldiram's transition from a one-counter sweet shop in Bikaner in
the early 1937s to a full-fledged Indian snack foods company todayloathes the concepts of marketing and branding and it was the first
to brand its namkeens and sweets in the country..WITH AN ESTIMATED TURNOVER OF RS 400 CRORESAND A SELF-PROCLAIMED BRAND VALUATION OF RS1500 CRORES
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We defineStreet HAWKERS as those who prepare food on thestreets that is ready-to-eat, or is prepared
at home and consumed on the streets
without further preparation. It is largely recognized that Street Hawking plaan important socio
economic role in terms of employment potential, special income,and in serving the food at prices affordable to all.
It is also dubbed as the very essence of North Campus.
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The survey is based on information collectedfrom the
Hawkers in the North Campus, majority ofthem from Patel Chest,
Maurice Nagar and in the vicinity of themetro station.
In order to carry out a realistic survey wewent to each hawker
and asked them the questions that follow inthe questionnaire.We had to take them into confidence in order
to get the true informationas they were reluctant to give us the correct
figures.
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The survey includes those Hawkers who sellonly one item i.e. all units are homogeneous.
We have taken into account only thosehawkers which are immobile i.e. do not shift
from their positions under any changes incircumstances.
Also these hawkers have been observed tohave a stable business over a period of timei.e. no hawker that has recently made it to
the campus has been included in the survey.
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FEATURESOF
BUSINESS
Type OfProduct
Sales Hours ofHawking Mobility Age ofBusiness
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Type of product: This is a categorical variable with 5categories, which capture the types of products sold. Different
types of products are associated with different cash flowrequirements and different practices of suppliers, includingtheir sales. The categories of Hawkers surveyed are as follows:-
MOMOS
BANTAWALA
BHELPURI
MAGGI
CHOLEKULCHE
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Sales:
It is a continuous variable.
Higher the value of sales, the higher the amountof liquidity that a hawker needs to maintain hisinventory of goods.
This variable is estimated using a regression of
- weekly sales on the age of business
- hours spent hawking- type of product
The predicted value of sales is then used in theregressions.
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Hours hawking: This is a continuous variable
measuring no. of hours spent in hawking per day
it is expected to influence the amount of weeklysales positively.
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Mobility: It is a dummy variable
Has a value of one for those hawkers whonever changed their location ever
A near permanent location of operation is a
signal of survival
It helps in building social networks andreputations in the market
Is an important indicator ofcreditworthiness.
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Age of business: The number of years in thehawking business
Important variable in showingcreditworthiness.
Incumbency may help in accumulatingreputation and collaterizable assets.
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Selling priceper unit
Cost priceper unit
Cost of securityof the stall
Age of hawker
Years of stablebusiness
Total no. of unitssold per day
Questionnaire
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Sales per month = sales per day *25{taking into account the holidays and Sundays}
Revenue per month = sales per month *selling price per unit
Expenditure per month = sales per month*cost price per unit
Miscellaneous expenses {different for various hawkers
Profit = Revenue per month Expenditure per month
Tools of Estimation
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Place No. of
units sold
per day
Selling
Price
per unit
Cost
Price
per unit
Age of
Hawker
s
Years of
Stable
Busines
s
Cost of
Securit
y
Chattra
Marg
100
50
(summer)
20 11 37 2 850
MauriceNagar
75
50
(summer)
25 15 33 17 1800
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Place No. of
units
sold perday
Selling
Price
perunit
Cost
Price
perunit
Age of
hawker
Years of
Stable
Business
Cost of
Security
Patel
Chest
275 20 12 48 25 1800
Hindu
College
125 20 12 35 12 800
BHELPURI
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.Place No. ofunits soldper daySellingprice perunit
Costprice perunitAge ofhawker Years ofstablebusiness
Cost ofsecurityKamlaNagar
14450(winter)
10 6 17 2.5 500
ArtsFaculty72
23(winter)10 6 47 35 500
ChattraMarg Banta-60Juice-40Banta-14Juice-10
Banta-10Juice-10
Banta-6Juice-7.5
45 27 0(exception)
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Place No. ofunitssold perday
Sellingprice perunitCostprice perunit
Age ofhawker Years ofstablebusinessCost ofsecurity
Mauricenagar 200 10 5 28 8 1000
School ofOpenlearning125 10 5 40 18 1500
Metrostation 120 10 5 50 20 1200
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Average Expenditure of Hawkers
Average Profit of Hawkers
Average Revenue of Hawkers
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0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
REVENUE 104687.5 17208.33 48437.5 100000 37083.33
EXPENDITURE 70437.5 10804.167 23356.25 61300 19775
PROFIT 34250 6320.833 14925 38700 17308.33
MOMOS BANTA MAGGI BHELPURICHOLE
KULCHE
PROFIT vis--vis REVENUE & COST
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What is Regression Analysis ?
It is a mathematical measure of the averagerelationship between two or more variables
in terms of the original units of the data.
It consists of choosing and fitting anappropriate model -
usually with a view to estimating themean predicted response(i.e. the mean value of the responsevariable) or even the individualpredicted response for specified values ofthe explanatory variable.
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Why do weuse Regression
Model?
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investigate a collection ofrelevant factors for their abilityto
predict hawkers income.
To obtain a parsimonious setof variables
that efficiently predicts theresponse
variable of interest.
to investigate a collection of
factors for their potentialassociation withthe outcome of interest
STATISTICS th HAWKERS
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STATISTICS - the HAWKERS
WAY
After fitting the regression model, we get:
The co-efficient of regression .i.e. R=.977,0
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ANOVA .i.e. analysis of variance consists of separating the total variability in a set ofexperimental results into components associated with the different sources of thatvariability. These components are then compared and this enable us to test the nullhypothesis H0 against alternate hypothesis HA .at 5% level of significance.
H0 : There is no significant regression between the dependent and
independent variables.
H1 :There no significant regression between the dependent andindependent variables.
P-value=0%
This show there is significant regression between the dependent and the
independent variables.
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The above graph shows that, the deviation of the estimated values from theobserved values around the fitted line are almost near the fitted line.
HENCE GIVEN MODEL IS SUITABLE.
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From the above graph we can conclude that,
if you start your hawking business withBhelpuri then one will have highestprofit , &
Bantawala is the least profit earner.
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Hours Spend on Roads/Month VS
Profit/Month
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 50 100 150 200 250Hours S pend on Road/Month
Profit
perMonth
Number of hours spend on the road hawkingdoesnt effectthe profit much aftercertain no. of hours already spend on the road,on the other hand profit depends more on the type of item sold
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Interpolating polynomial for PROFIT=0.00126453*(-34.998+x)(-27.0755+x)(-7.8975+x)(-2.74811+x)(448.006-41.9775x+x^2)(229.929-29.6379x+x^2)(0.4917-1.2236x+x^2) *where x denotes number of years* We have obtained the above formula using Mathematika-6.0 .
Definition : The process of obtaining a dependent value in a given dataset making use of independent data set .
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Final Inference1.As we started the presentation with
the concept of BTW & GIANISbecoming Big Brands, after carryingout this survey and using STATISTICS
and MATHEMATICS we feel that 9 yrsdown the line when you come back tothis campus you may find Patel ChestBhelpuri wala having a full fledged airconditioned shop with his alreadyowned I-10 standing outside it.
(we made use of Mathematica 6.0 tointerpolate and get the figure 8.43)
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2.We fitted the following regression
Model using SPSS16 consideringPROFIT as dependent variable &REVENUE, COST i.e expenditure, NO.of YEARS of stable business and NO.
of HOURS spend on the road asindependent variables.
The regression model fitted is asfollows:-
PROFIT=3196.09+0.263*REVENUE+0.112*COST+21.518*YEARS-49.773*HOURS.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Vote of thanks to RajkumariMaam, Mahesh Sir, AnuradhaMaam, Ankur Sangwaan, LohitGupta .
Our Regards to all the Hawkerswho became such an extensive
part of the survey and made theevent a success.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Access To Credit by Hawkers : Theory & Evidencefrom India. Presented in Partial Fulfillment of theRequirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University,2005 Mukta Joshi . Entrepreneurs of streets : an analytical work on the
street food vendors of Dhaka City, February 2009,Ahemadabad Tandem Muzaffar .
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ADITI BHARDWAJ
TULIKA KAEIN
RAMJAS COLLEGE