Standards of learning and the investment principle
H G Widdowson
Universität WienFDZ Englisch
22. Oktober 2007
2. Globalization on an unprecedented scale does not change the fact that most people everywhere still live their lives in local settings and feel the need to develop and express local identities to pass on to their children. Language, along with features such as dress, behaviour patterns, religion, or occupation, serves to mark group identity.
(Nettle & Romaine: Vanishing Voices: 192)
4.
Primary local communities : endonormative standards developed from within.
Secondary global communities: exonormative standards imposed from outside.
5.
Communities of practice. (Wenger: Communities of Practice. 1998)
Discourse communities. (Swales:Genre Analysis. 1990)
8.
Language education: Higher objectives: intellectual self-realization, cultural enlightenment, social and aesthetic awareness.
Institutionalized standards: regulation of learning, objectives quantified.
Qualification = quantification.
10.
Standards as levelling devices.
Positive: equality by equivalence.
Negative: imposition of conformity.
11.
Predictable purpose for learning - criteria for standards clear
Unpredictable purpose - ?standards?
12.
Standards set by reference to native-speaker norms.
Standards = standard language.
Irrelevant.Unattainable.
13.
Standards as recipes for failure.
Failure due to how standards are met.Failure due to how standards are set.