Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal AviationAdministration
SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION
SPORT PILOT
Flight Instructors
The FAA Safety Team
FY 2012
2Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
2
OBJECTIVE
This presentation will familiarize Flight Instructors with Light Sport Aircraft and Light Sport Pilots.
Upon completion, participants will have knowledge of this subject and directions to rules and other sources of important information. Light Sport Aviation is growing and it is essential that the nation’s certified flight instructors and other aviation professionals become involved.
3Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
3
SPORT PILOT OVERVIEW
In September 2004, the FAA enacted the final rule establishing the Light Sport Category of aircraft and the Sport Pilot Certificate.
This rule inaugurated a new realm of aviation to bring flying to a wider group of participants and establish safety standards at an acceptable level.
4Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
4
AIRCRAFTL I G H T S P O R T
5Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
5
AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AND CLASS OF LSA
AIRPLANE LAND+SEA
WEIGHT-SHIFT CONTROL LAND+SEA (“TRIKES”)
GYROPLANE POWERED PARACHUTE
GLIDERBALLOON + AIRSHIP
6Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
6
Image from: “A CFI’s Guide To Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft.” – Produced for NAFI by Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc (ASA), 2010.
7Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
7
LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
• Factory built and “Ready To Fly”.
• Manufactured to consensus standards.
• See 14 CFR 91.327 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.
SPECIAL LIGHT SPORT (S-LSA) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATES (14 CFR 21.190)
8Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
8
LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
• Built from qualified E-LSA Kit.
• Built in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
• See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.
EXPERIMENTAL LIGHT SPORT E-LSA (14 CFR 21.191i)
9Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
9
• Type certificated aircraft that meet the definition of Light Sport (14 CFR 1).
• Examples include Piper J-3, Ercoupe 415-C, Aeronca 7-AC.
• EAA website link for complete listing: www.sportpilot.org/learn/aircraft.html
STANDARD CATEGORY AIRCRAFT
LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
10Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
10
LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
• Built by a person for education or recreation.
• At least 51% of assembly / construction by the private builder.
• May be eligible for LSA operation if: (meets definition Light Sport 14 CFR 1).
• See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.
EXPERIMENTAL AMATEUR BUILT (14 CFR 21.191g)
11Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
11
TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?
ERCOUPE 415-C
STANDARD DATA: Seats 2.
Gross wt. 1,260. Empty wt. 749. Fuel capacity 14.
Engine 75 HP flat-4.
PERFORMANCE: Top speed 96 kts. Cruise 83 kts.
Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 550.
Ceiling 13,000. Range 261 nm.
ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: What is VH in this aircraft?
What endorsement is required?OK to fly all other LSA aircraft?
§ Part 1.1§ 61.321§ 61.303
12Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
12
TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?
CESSNA 150
STANDARD DATA: Seats 2.
Gross wt. 1,600. Empty wt. 1060. Fuel capacity 26.
Engine 100 HP Continental.
PERFORMANCE: Top speed 106 kts. Cruise 85 kts.
Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 670.
Ceiling 12,650. Range 303 nm.
§ Part 1.1§ 61.321
13Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
13
TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?
PIPER J-3 ON FLOATS
STANDARD DATA: Seats 2.
Gross wt. 1,220. Empty wt. 680. Fuel capacity 9.
Engine 65 HP Continental.
PERFORMANCE: Top speed 76 kts. Cruise 65 kts.
Stall 33 kts. Initial climb rate 450.
Ceiling 11,500. Range 191 nm.
§ Part 1.1§ 61.321
14Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
14
INSTRUCTIONS P O R T P I L O T
15Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
15
WHO CAN FLY UNDER THE SPORT PILOT RULE?
Pilots holding Sport Pilot Certificates.
Pilots with Recreation or higher level privileges.
Requirements are found in 14 CFR 61 Subpart J.
16Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
16
MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE
See 14 CFR 61.303 for specific requirements.
No medical certification requirements for gliders or balloons.
For other aircraft, a valid US Drivers License.
Not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make the pilot unable to operate the LSA in a safe manner.
17Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
17
CONDITIONS RELATED TO PREVIOUS FAA MEDICAL CERTIFICATION
If the pilot previously applied for an FAA Medical, he / she must have been eligible for issuance on their most recent application.
Must not have had their most recent FAA medical denied, suspended or revoked.
Must not have had their most recent Special Issuance/Medical Certificate withdrawn.
18Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
18
MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE
Eligibility, Knowledge, and Flight Proficiency.
Aeronautical Experience.
Endorsements.
Privileges and Limits.
19Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
19
Total Flight Time
Dual Dual Cross Country
Solo Solo Cross Country
Night Flight Instrument Training
Flight Test Prep
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20
15
25
1 0 03
40
20
3
10
53 3 3
SPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT - INITIAL HOURS REQUIRED
Ho
urs
HOURS FOR INITIAL CERTIFICATIONSPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT:
20Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
20
DAY NIGHT IFR (Instrument Rated)
PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: WEATHER
VFR(less than 3mi vis)
VFR (above clouds)
VFR(greater than 3mi vis)
21Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
21
PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: AIRSPACE
CLASS A(Instrument Rated)
CLASS B, C, D(Sport needs endorsement)
ABOVE 10,000 MSL(Sport ok if 2,000’ AGL or
less)
CLASS E, G
22Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
22
SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: TYPE OF FLIGHTS
CHARITABLE
SALES DEMOS
Watch This!
CROSS COUNTRY
PASSENGERS(Sport: only ONE)
BUSINESS
TOWING(UL or LSA glider)
23Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
23
INSTRUCTORS P O R T P I L O T
24Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
24
WHO MAY INSTRUCT SPORT PILOTS?
Flight Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart H.
Sport Pilot Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart K.
25Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
25
Must refer to 14 CFR 61.429 for guidance.
Must have appropriate category and class ratings – or equivalent light sport privileges.
Must be acting as a light sport instructor while exercising these privileges.
SUBPART H FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS EXERCISING SPORT PILOT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES
26Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
26
CAN A LIGHT SPORT INSTRUCTOR CONDUCT A PROFICIENCY CHECK?
YES! A Light Sport Instructor can conduct a proficiency check for additional category or class privilege at the Light Sport level (see 14 CFR 61.321).
The instruction and check flight must be performed by separate instructors.
The instructor who conducts the check must submit documentation to the FAA.
27Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
27
WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
• VH = Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power.
• This V speed is important for Sport Pilot endorsement §61.327:• Aircraft VH less than 87kts CAS• Aircraft VH greater than 87kts CAS
• Remember: initial sport pilot certificate requires fewer hours! When a sport pilot requests more privileges or flying other LSA makes/models, more training & individual endorsements are required
• A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.
V H A N D S P O R T P I L O T E N D O R S E M E N T S
28Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
28
WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
14 CFR Part 91.319 states that:
“(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate-
(1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or
(2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire."
The FAA recognizes the value of specialized flight training that may only be available in aircraft holding experimental certificates.
The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. 14 CFR Part 91.319(h) allows
A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.
Letter of Deviation Authorization
29Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
29
The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates.
The FAA may issue training deviations to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. Flight training considered acceptable for the issuance of a LODA consists of:
• Flight training for the operation of a specific make and model of experimental aircraft.
• Training for the operation of ultralight vehicles only when conducted in low-mass, high-drag aircraft with an empty weight less than 500 pounds and a max speed in level flight with max continuous power (VH) less than 87 knots.
• Jet unusual attitude and upset training.
• Instrument competency training for specific make and model of experimental aircraft.
• Training for a flight review in a specific make and model of aircraft.
• Training for a rotorcraft gyroplane rating or certificate.
Letter of Deviation Authorization
30Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
30
Additional training allowed:
• Formation training for a specific make and model of experimental aircraft.
• Flight training leading toward the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or LSA operating privilege is to be conducted in an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1).
NOTE: A LODA should only be issued if an aircraft with other than an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1) is not available for the conduct of this training in the Flight Standard District Office’s (FSDO) geographic area. The aircraft to be used to provide Sport Pilot training must have been owned by the person providing the training prior to January 31, 2010 and that person must have been appropriately certificated or otherwise authorized to provide that training prior to January 31, 2010. LODAs for persons conducting this training will have a maximum duration of 24 months and will be limited to the geographic area of the FSDO’s responsibility. FSDOs may terminate a LODA for sport pilot training at its discretion.
Letter of Deviation Authorization
31Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
31
Training NOT authorized:
• Tailwheel airplane endorsements
• Complex Airplane endorsements
• High-performance endorsements
• Operating Pressurized aircraft at high altitudes.
Letter of Deviation Authorization
32Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
32
Requirements to obtain a LODA in order to conduct flight training in an experimental aircraft that person provides for compensation or hire must:
• Submit an application package to the FSDO in the district in which training will take place which must include:
• Letter identifying the name and address of the applicant
• Name and contact information of the person responsible for the operation
• Details of the type of training
• Specific aircraft make(s) and model(s) to be used
• Copies of each aircraft’s airworthiness certificate and FAA-issued operating limitations
• A training program with enough detail to determine that the proposed training will meet the intended objectives.
Letter of Deviation Authorization
33Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
33
WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
• Meet minimum eligibility requirements (61.305)
• Receive appropriate training for ground and flight (61.309, 61.311)
• Take the knowledge test (61.307)
• Complete the required hours for flight and instruction (61.313)
• Have proper endorsements and submit application
• Take the practical test based upon the Sport Pilot PTS (FAA-s-8081-29)
S P O R T P I L O T T R A I N I N G S I M I L A R T O P R I V A T E
34Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
34
WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
• AC 61-98 / 61.56 still apply• Stick and rudder skills or tailwheel endorsement• Crosswind practice and steeper approach profiles• Stall characteristics and aerodynamics• Use the flight review to assist in adding a new privilege
• The ASF-610 website offers guidance for proficiency checks:http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/
A F L I G H T R E V I E W I S S T I L L A F L I G H T R E V I E W
35Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
35
Transition Training for Pilots…
“At our airport 100% of all the general aviation-trained pilots who have attempted to fly light sport aircraft without transitional training have damaged their aircraft. “ -Carol and Brian Carpenter
…is Very Important
152 “Heavy”
36Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
36
Transition Training for Pilots
37Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
37
These aircraft may require a significant amount of hours retraining, especially if a pilot hasn’t flown in many years or is unfamiliar with aircraft characteristics.
Descent profiles, stall and spin awareness & recovery, crosswind landings, slower speeds (VH), and weight / balance should be familiar to the instructor before launching out with a student.
LSA FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS MAY DIFFER
38Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
38
• NTSB provides statistics for Amateur Built but not Light Sport
• It is probable that some Light Sport accidents are included in this data
• 2010 US General Aviation accidents: 1093 total 193 fatal (17%)
• 2010 US Amateur Built accidents: 208 total 55 fatal (26%)
ACCIDENT DATA FOR LIGHT SPORT
39Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
39
FAR PART 61Sport Pilot Certificate – Part 61 Subpart JSport Pilot Flight Instructor Certificate – Part 61 Subpart K
FAA WEBSITES (FAA.GOV, ASF-610, and FAA Safety.GOV)http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/sport_pilot/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/media/ExistingModels.pdfhttp://faasafety.gov/gslac/onlineresources.aspx?masterId=3
FAA Safety.gov/Resources/Online Resources/Type of Operations…162 links to Sport Pilot!
AOPAhttp://www.aopa.org/sportpilot/http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sport_pilot_check.html
NAFI and EAAhttp://faaflighttest.us/cfisportguide.pdfhttp://www.nafinet.org/news.aspx?id=7
EAAhttp://www.sportpilot.org/
Many other great resources exist, but the LSA and Sport Pilot community needs more CFI’s and DPE’s to support the growing industry…get involved and instruct in Sport!
40Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
40
QUIZ
41Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
41
1. What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges?
a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license.
b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license.
c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner.
d) All of the above.
42Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
42
1. What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges?
a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license.
b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license.
c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner.
d) All of the above. 14 CFR 61.23
43Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
43
2. True or False:
A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?
44Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
44
2. True or False:
A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?
FALSE
14 CFR Part 1: 1320 lbs land use;1430 lbs water use
45Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
45
3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges…
a) In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate.
b) Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule.
c) Only with a CFI endorsement.
d) In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.
46Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
46
3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges…
a)In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate.
b)Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. 14 CFR 61.303(a)
c)Only with a CFI endorsement.
d)In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.
47Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
47
4. True or False:
A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot?
48Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
48
4. True or False:
A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot?
TRUE14 CFR 61.321 … A CFI may conduct a proficiency check and issue an endorsement for those privileges
49Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
49
5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft…
a) Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft.
b) Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used.
c) Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft.
d) Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.
50Federal AviationAdministration
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012
50
5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft…
a)Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft.
b)Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used.
c)Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft.
d)Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.
14 CFR 61.415 (i) (1)