IN BELFAST Irishman makes

M.P. give up A S P E C I A L lecturer had to be summoned to answer questions

^ on Ireland, when students at the National Council of Labour Colleges summer school protested against the refusal cf Mr. J im Griffiths, M.P. to comment on the lack of democracy in the north-east of Ireland. *

T h e s r h o o l w a s h e l d in D o r k i n g . Si:: rev. a n d t u t o r G r i f f i t h s w a s laiK.mg a b o u t c o l o n i a l i s m f o r n e a r -]\ t h r e e d a y s , p r o m i s i n g t h a t La!>rur w o u l d d o a w a y w i t h t h ° N . t s a l a n d P o l i c e S t a t e a n d g i v e ; < A f r i c a n s f r e e d o m .

- n t i n g t h r o u g h t h e l e c t u r e s w a s M f t : : c h e s t e r I r i s h M r . D a v i d M u r -I •.. a " b r i c k l a y e r .

He asked Mr. Griff iths would r e not agree that the unsettled National question had given rise 10 Police State in Northern Ire-and, and was this not a lesson

for African affairs. . l e c t u r e r b r u s h e d h i m a s i d e .

!!• was n o t d e a l i n g w i t h I r e l a n d . 'I : a i h a d n o t h i n g t o d o w i t h i t .

Hut ths students were not satis-fied. During the lunch break six :f them approached Mr. Murphy and urged him to raise the mat-ter again. He did, but Mr. J im Griff i ths was unrelenting. Dissatis-faction grew so intense that some-thing had to be done, and since Mr. J im Griff iths (not to be con-fused with Mr . Wi l l Griffiths) would not oblige, Mr . Andrew Boyd had to be brought to give a special ecture on the I r ish question, in which he explained the results of partition.

FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT

^ y H E N Hyde Park open-air preacher Dr. Donald Soper went to Ballymena, Co. Antrim, he found Mr. Ian Paisley's extreme ultra-Orange sectarian

"Free Presbyterians" had gone out specially from the Shankill Road to be ready for him.

Scarcely had he mounted the wagon from which he was to speak when there was a pandemonium of hecklers, and a man threw a Bible at him which struck a woman in the

audience.

T H R E E MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT • are supporting the Connolly Association

'Tree the prisoners" campaign in Manchester which takes place between August 21st and 29th.

They are Mr. Leslie Lever, Mr. Frank AHaun, and Mr. Will Griffiths, all well-known for the pro-Irish views.

At the rally at Piatt Fields on August 29th, and procession to All Saints, Mr. Horace New-bold. Secretary of the Manchester and Salford Trtides Council (biggest in England) will speak, together with Joe Deighan and others.

FULL DETAILS OF THE CAMPAIGN ON BACK PAGE

T h e r e w e r e c r i e s of " Y o u w e a r a R o m a n c a s s o c k " a n d " W h e r e a r e y o u r b e a d s ? "

Dr. Soper told the press , "It w a s the mos t an imal - l ike m e e t -ing I h a v e ever spoken at ."

R E V O L V E R S

D r . S o p e r h a d i n f u r i a t e d t h e l u n a t i c l r i n g e by o u t s p o k e n r e -n . a r k s a b o u t t h e c a r r y i n g of a r m s by t h e R o y a l U l s t e r C o n s t a b u l a r y , w h i c h h e d i d n o t t h i n k w a s i n c o n -f o r m i t y w i t h a d e m o c r a t i c s t a t e .

A m o n g t h e h e c k l e r s w a s I a n P a i s l e y h i m s e l f w h o a c c u s e d D r . S o p e r ol d e n y i n g t h e V i r g i n b i r t h a n d t h e bod i ly r e s u r r e c t i o n of C h r i s t .

T h e n o i s e d id n o t s l a c k e n w h e n he r e p l i e d . " I h a v e b e e n a c q u i t t e d of t h o s e c h a r g e s by t h e h i g h e s t c o u r t of t h e M e t h o d i s t C h u r c h . "

"You are not a M e t h o d i s t " s c r e a m e d Pais ley , a n d w e n t on s h o u t i n g about the R o m a n cas -sock.

W h e n D r . S o p e r a p p e a l e d f o r a h e a r i n g o n t h e g r o u n d s t h a t it w a s o n l v r i g h t t o l i s t en t o w h a t h e h a d

t o s ay b e f o r e c o n t r a d i c t i n g it, M r . P a i s l e y r e p l i e d :

"We would g ive y o u f r e e s p e e c h if y o u c a m e a s an inf ide l but not a s a C h r i s t i a n m i n i s t e r . "

I n o t h e r w o r d s if D r . S o p e r w a s p r e p a r e d t o a d m i t w h a t w a s u t t e r l y u n t r u e , t h e n M r . P a i s l e y w o u l d let h i m s p e a k . C h r i s t i a n i t y in t h e S i x C o u n t i e s is to b e u n d e r l i c e n c e l r o m t h e S h a n k h i l l R o a d .

W h e n M r . P a i s l e y m a d e a p e r -s o n a l a t t a c k o n t h e s p e a k e r , D r . S o p e r r e p l i e d t h a t h e w a s n o t p a r -t i c u l a r l y b o t h e r e d by w h a t M r . P a i s l e y t h o u g h t of h i m .

(Continued on Page 8)

DRILLERS ARRESTED

SEVEN m e n , four f r o m t h e S i x Count ies , were arres ted by

Gardai a n d Spec ia l B r a n c h men in a n early s w o o p on a lone ly f a r m -house in Co. M e a t h over the hol i -day period. T e n t s , c a m p i n g equip-m e n t , e tc . w a s f o u n d s u f f i c i e n t for 50 m e n .

In a n o t h e r s w o o p in W e s t m e a t h , three y o u n g m e n w e r e t a k e n to A t h i o n e . Later, two s p e c i a l c o u r t s were he ld . Local p e o p l e " p a r a d e d outs ide t h e courts w i t h protes t b a n n e r s . T h e n m e n w e r e c h a r g e d u n d e r f i r e a r m s act . Later t h e pol ice f o u n d an e n c a m p m e n t on t h e borders of T i p p e r a r y , but al l the m e n s c a t t e r e d a n d n o a r r e s t s were m a d e .

SOPER ATTACKED

S E P T E M B K R 1 9 5 9

Manchester Orange mob like animals'

HE CRITICISED THE R.U.C.

ROGER CASEMENT C O M M E M O R A T I O N The start of the walk from Kings Cross to Pentonvil le organised on Aug. 2 by Sinn Fein

BOOST OUR FUND THE "Irish D e m o c r a t , " b o y c o t t e d

by t h e a d v e r t i s e r s w h o don't like i t s r epub l i can p o l i c y a n d de-f e n c e of t h e w o r k i n g m a n , n e e d s £ 3 0 a m o n t h in d o n a t i o n s to br idge the g a p b e t w e e n i n c o m e a n d e x -p e n d i t u r e .

We h a v e done , if w e s a y it our-se lves , a hel l ol a lot to e x p o s e t h e S i x - C o u n t y G o v e r n m e n t a n d its re-cord of tor ture a n d i m p r i s o n m e n t w i t h o u t trial. And t h e y are hop-p ing m a d about it. But w i t h m o r e m o n e y we could do far more .

So p lease , readers , do your bit by s e n d i n g us a d o n a t i o n , now a n d every m o n t h . T w o h u n d r e d a n d forty h a l f - c r o w n s m a k e £30 . A n d e i g h t co l l ec ted f r o m f r i e n d s or o n the job or in the p u b — w e will be p leased to send y o u a c o l l e c t i n g c a r d - m a k e s £ 1 .

So wr i te today to "Ir i sh D e m o -crat," 374 G r a y s Inn Road, Lon-don, W.C.I.

Our s i n c e r e t h a n k s g o to: P. Mal lon 5 / - , E. O ' D o w l i n g 5 -, per E. O ' D o w l i n g 15'-, per M. Boyle 10/-, P. O 'Shea 10/- , P. O'Connor 3/- , J. M c G r o t t y 7 -, P .B . £ 1 / 1 2 / - , J. J o h n s t o n 2'-, Liverpool readers 2/- , M. Cusack 2 -, per M. Rabbi t t 2/ - , M. Rabbi t t 2 6, Mrs. B. W a t -l e r s 2 / 6 , M. B r e n n a n 10/- , V. Lee 5 -, T o b a c c o Workers ' U n i o n , Lon-don 2 / - , Anon, S h e p h e r d s B u s h 4 '6 , per o . T . 3 6, B. W i l k i n s o n 10' - , P. O'Toole 2 6, M. R l g n e y £ 1 / 1 5 / - , A n o n . Hyde Park 1/- , E. O ' D o w l i n g £ 1 , C. S u l l i v a n 10/-, P .B. £ 2 . T o t a l £ 1 2 ' 5 6.

2 T H E IRISH D E M O C R A T September 1959

WHEN IS A LABOUR PARTY T H E R E exists in Belfast a small or-

ganisation which retains the tit le of "Northern Ireland Labour Party." What is it ?

Ti i t • f a m o u s " r o u p d V t a t " l . v w h i c h t h e o r i g i n a l p a r t ; : w a s in e l l e e t dis-so lved (in 194ft) is s t i l l m u c h of a m y s t e r y to m a n y in t h e B r i t i s h L a b o u r m o v e m e n t .

H o w w a s t h i s c h a n g e b r o u g h t a b o u t ? A n d by w h o m ?

C h n fly by m e a n s of a w h o l e s a l e p u r g e c o n d u c t e d by a g r o u p of L a b o u r - U n i o n i s t t y p e l e a d e r s . P r e v i o u s l y i n t h e h i s t o r y ol t h e p a r t y s u c h e f f o r t s h a d b e e n m a d e by s u c h l e a d e r s , b u t t h e y h a d f a i l e d .

R e p e a t e d l y t h e r e a r o s e p o l i t i c a l o p p o r -t u n i s t s w h o , f o r t h e s a k e of " w i n n i n g v o t e s " a m o n g t h e b a c k w a r d s e c t i o n s , s o u g h t t o i m p o s e t h e i m p o s s i b l e o n a s o c i a l i s t p a r t y — a n o u t r i g h t U n i o n i s t sec-t a r i a n po l i cy ( i n c l u d i n g t h e a c c e p t a n c e of p a r t i t i o n . >

R e j e c t e d by S i x - C o u n t y L a b o u r o p i n i o n , i o m e of t h e m d e s e r t e d t h e p a r t y a n d j o i n e d t h e U n i o n i s t s , o r f o r m e d of f ic ia l L a b o u r a d j u n c t s of t h e T o r y P a r t y .

I n d e e d , a v a r i e t y of M a c D o n a l d i s m w h i c h is w o r s e t h a n M a c D o n a l d i s m h a s e v e r b e e n t h e p l a g u e of t h e B e l f a s t L a b o u r m o v e m e n t . T h e l is t is l o n g . W i l l i e W a l k e r . J o h n F . G o r d o n . Bi l ly G r a n t , H a r r y M i d g -ley . . . t h e l a s t t w o of w h o m b e c a m e M i n i s t e r s in t h e U n i o n i s t G o v e r n m e n t .

* * *

1 ) L ' T if p r e v i o u s e f f o r t s f a i l e d , h o w is it t h a t t h a t of 1948-49 s u c c e e d e d ? T h e r e

is l i t t l e d o u b t i n B e l f a s t t r a d e u n i o n c i r c l e s t h a t t h e d e c i d i n g f a c t o r w a s H e r b e r t M o r -r i s o n ' s c o n v i c t i o n t h a t h e c o u l d s o l v e t h e I r i s h p r o b l e m by s e e i n g t h e I r e l a n d Ac t s a f e l y t h r o u g h t h e C o m m o n s a t W e s t m i n -s t e r , a n d m a k i n g p a r t i t i o n p e r m a n e n t .

H e s e n t a c r o s s t o B e l f a s t a n e m i s s a r y of t h e B r i t i s h P a r t y . A r t h u r J o h n s t o n , a g a i n w i t h a n i m p o s s i b l e m i s s i o n — v i z . , to s e c u r e a p a r t i t i o n i s t po l i cy i n a s o c i a l i s t p a r t y .

* * *

J O H N S T O N f o u n d a l l i e s wel l p l a c e d in " t h e p a r t y . H e a l s o c h a n c e d a n unu.su-r.lly f a v o u r a b l e o p p o r t u n i t y .

A t t h a t t i m e m o r e t h a n h a l f of t h e c o n -s t i t u e n c y p a r t i e s w e r e in d i s p u t e w i t h t h e e x e c u t i v e o v e r a t e c h n i c a l i s sue . M o r e t h a n t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of t h e p o l i t i c a l m e m b e r s h i p w a s e x p e l l e d e n m a s s e .

B r a n d i e s a n d c o n s t i t u e n c y p a r t i e s dis-a f f i l i a t e d u p o n t h i s t e c h n i c a l i s s u e i n c l u d e d W e s t B e l f a s t , D e n y , N e w r y , W a r r e n p o i n t a n d A r m a g h .

L a t e r D o c k c o n s t i t u e n c y p a r t y , w h i c h p r o v i d e d B e l f a s t ' s o n l y L a b o u r M P . a t t h a t t i m e , w a s o b l i g e d t o pu l l o u t .

A f t e r t h e d i s a f f i l i a t i o n of s c o r e s of loya l t r a d e u n i o n a n d p o l i t i c a l l e a d e r s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e L a b o u r P a r t y f r o m i t s b i r t h , t h e r e w e r e o n l y a f e w f e e b l e vo ices in d i s s e n t . T h e r e s o l u t i o n in f a v o u r of p a r t i t i o n w a s f o r t h c o m i n g .

T h i s w a s on ly t h e b e g i n n i n g of t h e de-g e n e r a t i o n of w h a t w a s l e i t ol t h e N o r t h -e m I r e l a n d L a b o u r P a r t y .

A m a n w h o m J o h n s t o n h a d g r e a t l y re-l i ed o n i n c a r r y i n g t h o u g h t h e r e - o r g a n i s a -t i o n o l t h e p a r t y w a s i t s c h a i r m a n a t t h a t t i m e (1947-48 0 H a r r y H o l m e s .

S h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d s H a r r y H o l m e s l e f t a n d j o i n e d t h e U n i o n i s t P a r t y

He is now official Tory M.P. tor the Shankhi l l Road.

* * *

1 ) U T n o w h o w a b o u t t h e r e m n a n t t h a t ' s l e f t of t h e o n c e - i n f l u e n t i a l N o r t h e r n

I r e l a n d L a b o u r P a r t y ? W h a t s o r t of " L a b o u r " po l icy d o e s it p u r s u e ? W h o m d o e s it r e p r e s e n t ?

J u s t w h a t m i g h t be e x p e c t e d S i n c e n o p a r t y h a s y e t d i s c o v e r e d h o w t o h a v e a T o r y po l i cy a n d a S o c i a l i s t p o l i c y a t t h e s a m e t i m e , a n d s i n c e t h e " r u m p ' ' L a b o u r P a r t y is n o w c o m m i t t e d t o a T o r y pol icy, n a t u r a l l y i t h a s h a d t o t h r o w o u t a l l s e m -b l a n c e of s o c i a l i s t o b j e c t i v e s .

I t h a s p r o v e d t h e i d e a l " L a b o u r oppos i -t i o n " f o r t h e T o r y G o v e r n m e n t , s i n c e it e x t e n d s t h e s e c t a r i a n b a s i s of U l s t e r ixili-t i c s t o t h e L a b o u r m o v e m e n t a n d t h u s k e e p s i t s a f e f o r O r a n g e r e a c t i o n .

U n l i k e p r e v i o u s T o r y - L a b o u r efforts , s u c h a s Bi l ly G r a n t ' s U n i o n i s t - L a b o u r A s s o c i a t i o n a n d Harry Midgley ' s C o m m o n -w e a l t h Labour Party w h i c h b o t h died of s h a m e — i t la in f o r m a n d a p p e a r a n c e a L a b o u r Party .

W h i l e i t m a i n t a i n s a c e r t a i n s t r e n g t h o n t r a d e u n i o n a f f i l i a t i o n s , i t s po l i t i c a l c o n s t i t u e n c y p a r t i e s n e v e r r e v i v e d , a n d

A LABOUR PARTY? AN INTERESTING RIDDLE FROM BELFAST

m o s t of t h e m n o w ex i s t o n l y o n p a p e r . T h o u g h n o t in a n y s e n s e r a b i d l y C a t h o l i c -h a t i n g . i t s l e a d e r s m o s t l y " k i c k w i t h t h e o n e f o o t . "

T w o of i t s f o u r M . P . s a t S t o r m o n t , W. R. B o y d a n d F . V. S i m p s o n a r e M e t h o d i s t l oca l p r e a c h e r s . Of t h e o t h e r two . T . W. B o y d is a f o r m e r S u n d a y s c h o o l s u p e r -i n t e n d e n t a n d D. B l e a k l e y p r e a c h e s occa-s i o n a l l y a t C h u r c h of I r e l a n d s e r v i c e s .

T h e P a r t y ' s t r e a s u r e r . M i s s S a i d i e P a t -t e r s o n . a n d f o r m e r M.P . R o b e r t G e t g o o d a r e b o t h a r d e n t a d h e r e n t s of t h e M o r a l R e -a r m a m e n t m o v e m e n t , w h o s e l e a d e r , Dr . B u c h m a n , a t o n e t i m e s a n g h i g h in p r a i s e of t h e w a y H i t l e r a n d M u s s o l i n i h a d s o l v e d t h e p r o b l e m of l a b o u r - m a n a g e m e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p s .

A l o n g w i t h a n o t h e r l o c a l B u c h m a n i t e love -b i rd . S i r D o u g l a s S a v o r y , a f o r m e r g e n u i n e " b a c k w o o d s m a n " T o r y M . P . n o t e d f o r h i s h a t r e d of t h e I r i s h p e o p l e ' s a s p i r a -t i o n s f o r i n d e p e n d e n c e , b o t h t h e s e L a b o u r

S i x - C o u n t y p a r t y t h r o u g h c o m m o n a f f i l i a -t i o n s w i t h t h e a l l - I r e l a n d T r a d e U n i o n C o n g r e s s a n d t h r o u g h t h e e x c h a n g e of f r a t e r n a l d e l e g a t e s .

T h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of t h e N . I . L . P . i n t o a p o l i t i c a l a p p e n d a g e of t h e U n i o n i s t s w a s h e l d t o j u s t i f y a c h a n g e in t h e c o n s t i t u -t i o n of t h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t y L a b o u r P a r t y , t o e n a b l e it t o o p e r a t e i n t h e S ix C o u n t i e s .

S o m e u n i o n s in t h e n o r t h h a v e wise ly k e p t a f f i l i a t i o n w i t h b o t h p a r t i e s . T h e T a i l o r s a n d G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ' U n i o n , f o r e x a m p l e , h a s 300 " c o n t r a c t e d - i n " m e m -b e r s a f f i l i a t e d t o o o t h t h e I r i s h L a b o u r P a r t y a n d t h e N . I . L . P . B u t in t h e N. I .L .P . t h e y h a v e l i t t l e p o l i t i c a l voice . I t is diff i-c u l t t o c h a l l e n g e t h e l e a d e r s h i p ' s U n i o n i s t l i n e .

T h e Irish Labour party is not organised on sectarian lines. Many of its present members are former N.I.L.P. men of Pro-testant extraction. Jack Beattie, who

By ' R A P P A R E E ' T h e w r i t e r of t h i s a r t i c l e is n o t n e c e s s a r i l y s t a t i n g t h e v i e w s of t h e " I r i s h D e m o c r a t , " w h i c h p r e s e n t s h i s o p i n i o n s f o r d i s c u s s i o n . M a n y p e o p l e b e l i e v e t h a t s u c h d i s c u s s i o n is o v e r d u e , a n d w e a r e h a p p y to m a k e o u r c o l u m n s a v a i l a b l e for it. W h e n t h e N . I .L .P . d e m a n d s work f o r B e l f a s t w o r k e r s w e s u p p o r t i t . W h e n it s u p p o r t s p a r t i t i o n w e be l i eve it c u t s i t s o w n t h r o a t .

l e a d e r s a t t e n d e d t h e 8 0 t h b i r t h d a y c e l e b r a -t i o n s of D r . B u c h m a n i n B e l f a s t . Mis s P a t t e r s o n h a s p r e s i d e d a t s e v e r a l loca l M . R . A . m e e t i n g s .

T y p i c a l of t h e i r o u t l o o k a r e t h e f o l l o w i n g q u o t a t i o n s f r o m t h e i r s p e e c h e s : —

" W e a r e g o i n g b a c k t o t h e w o r k s h o p s t o c r e a t e t h a t h a r m o n y f o r w h i c h t h e w o r l d l o n g s t o d a y . "—Miss P a t t e r s o n .

" W e c a n o n l y find a n a n s w e r t o u n e m -p l o y m e n t t h r o u g h m o r a l c h a n g e . . . . E c o n o m i c o r p o l i t i c a l p l a n s a r e i n a d e -q u a t e . T h e y d o n o t m e e t t h e c h a l l e n g e of g r e e d in b o t h m a n a g e m e n t a n d l a b o u r . " — M r . G e t g o o d .

" M o r a l R e a r m a m e n t . . . h a s even t r a n s f o r m e d m y r e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e bosses w h o m I u s e d to c o n s i d e r w e r e a r a c e a p a r t a n d w h o m I h a t e d . " — M r . G e t g o o d ,

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I N p r a c t i c a l po l i t i c s , t h e r e f o r e , w h a t s o r t * of " L a b o u r " p r o g r a m m e c a n s u c h a

g r o u p o f f e r t o t h e w o r k e r s of t h e S ix C o u n -t i e s ? N o n e ! S m a l l w o n d e r t h a t i t is on ly n e c e s s a r y f o r t h i s g r o u p ' s g e n t l e m e n - r e p r e -s e n t a t i v e s in L o n d o n to o p e n t h e i r m o u t h s a n d m o s t B r i t i s h L a b o u r m e n c a n s e n s e s o m e t h i n g w r o n g a t o n c e .

A s a r e s p e c t a b l e o p p o s i t i o n it c a n a d o p t m e r e l y a " c r i t i c a l " a t t i t u d e t o t h e T o r y G o v e r n m e n t . B u t t h i s o p p o s i t i o n on ly r u n s a l o n g t h e l i n e s of " Y o u a r e n o t d o i n g t h i n g s p r o p e r l y a n d e f f i c i e n t l y — w e cou ld d o m u c h b e t t e r . "

It is indistinguishable f rom the Tories on such issues as denouncing "terrorism," praising the police, hai l ing the Queen and fcfending the Border.

T h e o n l y p o s i t i v e p r o p o s a l o n i t s book is f o r t h e s e t t i n g u p of a D e v e l o p m e n t C o r p o r a t i o n t o a s s i s t a n d e n c o u r a g e local c a p i t a l i s t s t o i n v e s t in e x p a n s i o n . B u t e v e n in t h i s t h e y a r e f a r b e h i n d t h e p r a c -t i c a l p r o g r a m m e of t h e s o u t h e r n c a p i t a l i s t -r e p u b l i c a n " d r e a m e r . " M r . L c m a s s .

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V ^ 7 " H A T of t h e f o r m e r p o l i t i c a l m e m b c r -* » s h i p ? M a n y d r i f t e d i n t o non - | ) o l i t i c a l

a p a t h y . B u t w h o l e b r a n c h e s — a n d so m a n y of t h e m — c o u l d n o t d i s a p p e a r . T h e y con -t i n u e d t o m e e t . W e s t B e l f a s t , N e w r y , D e n y a n d o t h e r s .

I n Apr i l , 1949. a c o n f e r e n c e w a s he ld in B e l f a s t , a t t e n d e d by 200 d e l e g a t e s , r e p r e -s e n t i n g L a b o u r , t r a d e u n i o n , s o c i a l i s t a n d s o c i a l i s t - r e p u b l i c a n g r o u p s , a n d b r a n c h e s a n d o r g a n i s a t i o n s e x p e l l e d o r r e s i g n e d . I t w a s d e c i d e d t h a t t h e b e s t s t e p , t o g ive t h e m p o l i t i c a l o r g a n i s a t i o n , w a s t o seek a f f i l i a t i o n w i t h t h e T w e n t y - S i x - C o u n t y Iu i l x ju r P a r t y .

U n t i l 1948. t h e N o r t h e r n I r e l a n d L a b o u r P a r t y h a d a l w a y s r e g a r d e d i t s e l f , a n d h a d b e e n r e g a r d e d , a s a p a r t of t h e I r i s h l a b o u r m o v e m e n t , l i n k e d w i t h t h e T w e n t y -

represented the N.I.L.P. at Stormont for many years is now a member ol the Irish Labour Party.

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4 B R I E F o u t l i n e of t h e h i s t o r y of ^ * L a b o u r P a r t i e s in I r e l a n d s i n c e p a r t i -t i o n c a n o n l y s e r v e t o e m p h a s i s e t h e

r t r e a c h e r y t o s o c i a l i s m w h i c h m a n y f o r m e r N . I .L .P . m e n s e e in t h e " l o y a l i s m " of t h e p r e s e n t B e l f a s t g r o u p .

T h e l a b o u r m o v e m e n t , b o t h p o l i t i c a l a n d t r a d e u n i o n , n o r t h a n d s o u t h , h a s a l w a y s t r e a s u r e d i t s u n i t y — e s p e c i a l l y a b o v e t h e a r t i f i c i a l p a r t i t i o n l i n e w h i c h , i t w a s v o w e d , w o u l d n e v e r s e p a r a t e t h e w o r k e r s .

D u r m g t h e t w e n t i e s t h e L a b o u r P a r t y w a s o r g a n i s a t i o n a l l y p a r t of t h e I r i s h T . U . C . , a n d i t w a s t h e c u s t o m t o h o l d j o i n t c o n f e r e n c e s of t h e i n d u s t r i a l a n d p o l i t i c a l w i n g s .

At t h e c o n g r e s s of t h e I r i s h L a b o u r P a r t y a n d T . U . C . in B e l f a s t C o - o p e r a t i v e H a l l in A u g u s t . 1928. t h e p r e s i d e n t i a l a d -d r e s s w a s g i v e n by M r . W. M c M u l l e n . M P., a m o d e r a t e t r a d e u n i o n i s t l a b o u r m a n .

H e d e c l a r e d a m i d a p p l a u s e t h a t " t h e l u t u r e of o u r c o m m o n c o u n t r y N o r t h a n d S o u t h l:cs w i t h L a b o u r . T h e L a b o u r m o v e m e n t m u s t t h e r e f o r e s h a p e i t s pol icy so a s to s e c u r e c o n t r o l of t h e c o u n t r y a t t h e e a r l i e s t p o s s i b l e m o m e n t . . ."

W h e n t h e l u s h L a b o u r P a r t y f u n n e d i t se l f i n t o a s e p a r a t e p o l i t i c a l u n i t it l i m i t e d i t s a c t i v i t i e s to t h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s , w h i l e a N o r t h e r n I r e l a n d L a b o u r P a r t y w a s f o r m e d t o s e i v e t h e S i x C o u n -t i e s . B o t h w e r e p a r t s of t h e s a m e move -m e n t , l i n k e d bv a j o i n t c o m m i t t e e a n d a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e o n e u n i t e d t r a d e u n i o n c e n t r e .

Close links were maintained with the Brit ish Labour movement. The conference of the Ir ish Labour and T r a d e Union Movement in Warrenpoint ( in the Six Counties) in 1930 was attended by Ernest Bevin, general secretary of the T .G.W.U. It was then decided that British-based unions operating in Ireland should allo-cate funds to finance Labour Parliamen-tary candidates both North and South.

U n i o n s w h i c h c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h i s f u n d , a p a r t f r o m t h e I r i s h u n i o n s t h e m s e l v e s , w e r e t h e T . G . W . U . . t h e G e n e r a l a n d M u n i -c i p a l W o r k e r s , t h e N . U . R a n d t h e N . U . D A W .

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I ^ R O M t h a t t i m e u n t i l t h e v e r y eve of ' t h e I r e l a n d Ac t L a b o u r w o r k e r s n o r t h

a n d s o u t h c l u n g t o t h e i r c h e r i s h e d a s p i r a -t i o n of s e e i n g t h e I r i s h l a b o u r m o v e m e n t l e a d t h e p e o p l e to a u n i t e d , p r o s p e r o u s , i n d e p e n d e n t l a n d .

A t c o n f e r e n c e n i t e r c o n f e r e n c e u n t i l 1948, d e l e g a t e s f r o m D e n y , N e w r y .

A r m a g h . C o l e r a i n e . f r o m a l l p a r t s oT B e l -l a s t i n c l u d i n g s t r o n g l y P r o t e s t a n t , a r e a s , c o u l d v o i c e t h i s m i l i t a n t a n t i - T o r y i v n on I r i s h a f f a i r s .

T h u s a t t h e c o n f e r e n c e of O c t o b e r , 1337, d e l e g a t e H . T o d d f r o m t h e P l a s t e r e r s ' U n i o n c o u l d d e c l a r e t h a t a s a " P r o t e s t a n t w o r k e r " h e l o n g e d f o r t h e d a y w h e n J a a i e s C o n n o l l y ' s i d e a l — a n I r i s h w o r k e r s ' r e p u b -l i c — c o u l d be b r o u g h t a b o u t .

P. J . M c C a n n . f r o m t h e P r o t e s t a n t c o n -s t i t u e n c y of A r m a g h , d e c l a r e d : " T h e q u e s -t i o n of t h e u n i t y of I r e l a n d is v i t a l t o t h e w o r k i n g - c l a s s p e o p l e of t h e N o r t h . "

I n O c t o b e r . 1938, c o n f e r e n c e c a l l e d f o r t h e r e m o v a l of t h e t r a d e b a r r i e r b e t w e e n n o r t h a n d s o u t h , t h e r e s o l u t i o n b e i n g s u b -m i t t e d by B e l f a s t T r a d e s C o u n c i l , r e p r e -s e n t i n g a l l s e c t i o n s of t h e w o r k e r s .

D e l e g a t e P. H e a l y , of D e r r y , d e c l a r e d t h a t t h e t i m e h a d c o m e w h e n L a b o u r s h o u l d d e m a n d t h e r e m o v a l of t h e b o r d e r a l t o g e t h e r .

E v e n in O c t o b e r , 1947, w h e n Be l l a s t ' s S t . M a r y ' s Ha l l w a s p a c k e d f o r t h e a n n u a l c o n f e r e n c e a t t e n d e d by M i s s L o u i e B e n -n e t t a s f r a t e r n a l d e l e g a t e f r o m t h e s o u t h , a m o t i o n w a s p a s s e d c a l l i n g o n t h e G o v -e r n m e n t t o d i s b a n d t h e " B " S p e c i a l s a n d r e p e a l t h e a n t i - d e m o c r a t i c S p e c i a l P o w e r s Ac t .

Delegate S. J. Armstrong, f rom m e strongly Protestant South Belfast consti-tuency, described the Specials as "Storm Troopers" and a "political force aMied to the Unionist Party."

The Party's M.P. for Dock Constituency, Belfast, supported the motion, a n d Mr . McGonagle, Derry, urged the conference to call the attention of the Brit ish frater-nal delegate, Percy Knight , to the exist-ence of this "Fascist Army."

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' r p H E l a s t u n i t e d c o n f e r e n c e w a s ' h e l d in W a r r e n p o m t in 1948. T h e I r i s h L a b o u r

P a r t y w a s r e p r e s e n t e d by M r . R o d d y C o n -no l ly . T .D . . a n d M r . G e t g o o d h i m s e l f f e l t i m p e l l e d to pay t r i b u t e t o t h e i dea l of a " s o c i a l i s t I r e l a n d " a s t h e c o m m o n o b j e c -t i v e of t h e p a r t i e s n o r t h a n d s o u t h .

B u t a t t h i s c o n f e r e n c e w a s s l i p p e d t h r o u g h a n a p p a r e n t l y f o r m a l r e s o l u t i o n t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t n o p a r t y o r g a n i s a t i o n , o f f i c i a l o r m e m b e r s h o u l d e n g a g e a n y p e r -s o n . n o t a m e m b e r of t h e p a r t y , t o s p e a k a t a n y m e e t i n g w i t h o u t t h e a u t h o r i t y of t h e e x e c u t i v e c o m m i t t e e . I t w a s a d d e d : " A n \ ' o r g a n i s a t i o n c o n t r a v e n i n g t h i s d e c i -s i o n s h a l l be d i s a f f i l i a t e d . "

T h e m o t i o n w a s d e s i g n e d t o p r e v e n t loca l L a b o u r P a r t i e s m t h e S i x C o u n t i e s f r o m i n v i t i n g L a b o u r M . P . s f r o m B r i t a i n w h o m i g h t a d o p t a n a t t i t u d e of o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e B o r d e r It w a s o n t h i s t e c h n i c a l i s s u e t h a t t h e g r e a t e r p a r t ot t h e D-i i i i .cal m e m b e r s h i p ol t h e N . I . L . P . w a s j . e n t u a i l y e x p e l l e d .

T h e N o r t h D o w n C o n s t i t u e n c y P a r t y d e c i d e d to o r g a n i s e a c o n f e r e n c e to o o o o s e t h i s r u l i n g a s u n c o n s t i t u t i o n a l , a n d i n v i t e d d e l e g a t e s f r o m all o t h e r p a r t i s - T o e e x e -c u t i v e i m m e d i a t e l y p l a c e d a b a n o n t h e c o n f e r e n c e West B e l f a s t m e t t o d e c . d e w h e t h e r to o b s e r v e t h e b a n ,:• i g n o r e it. T h e y fe l t j u s t i f i ed m i g n o n r . r . T h e n t h e first b low lei! W e s t B e l l a s ! ' a s e x p e l l e d in a b o d ; a n d t h e o t h e r e x p u i s i o a s fol-lowed .

I t wa ai t h e c o n f e r e n c e of t h e lo l lo .v-m g y e a r , t h a t t h e f o r m a l r e s o l u t i o n ac -c e p t i n g p a r t i t i o n w a s finally p a s s e d E v e n a t t h i s c o n f e r e n c e , h o w e v e r , a le.v v o i c e s w e r e h e a r d in p r o t e s t .

A final w a r n i n g w a s i s s u e d bv H u g h D o w n e y , f o r m e r M . P . f o r D o c k wli l o r e -c ' i s t t h a t t h e r e s o l u t i o n w o u l d t ' o t h e p a r t y h a n d a n d f o o t t o t h e po l icy of U n i o n i s m .

" I h a v e g r e a t r e s p e c t f o r t i n B n t i h L a b o u r P a r t y . " h e s a i d , " a n d I a m n o t p r e p a r e d t o do a n y t h i n g o t h e r t h a n w o r k in h a r m o n y w i t h it. b u t I c a n n o t . s u p p o r t a po l i cy in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h I l ia d i c t a t o r -s h i p of M r E d m u n d W . o n o c k " ( t h e T o r y C h i e f W l n p i .

He d e c l a r e d t h a t t h e r e w e n c e r t a i n m<'ii v . i lh s i n i s t e r r e a s o n s w h o w e r e t rvu i i r to d e s t r o y t h e N o r t h e r n I r e l a n d t . a o o u r P a r t y a n d m a k e it a U n i o n i s t P a r t y

L a t e r . Mr . D o w n e y ' s D o c k c o n s t i t u e n c y r e s i g n e d f r o m t h e p a r t y

September 1 9 5 9 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 7

THE IRISH

D E M O C R A T 374 G R A Y S INN R O A D

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RIGHT TO KNOW

^ ( . ) M E s m p r i s e has b e e n e x p r e s s e d ' in I r i s h c i rc les in L o n d o n at t h e t o r l ' u i g h t d e n i a l by t h e " U n i t e d I r i . -hman" t h a t a n y m e e t i n g s u n d e r the a l l sp ices of t h e R e p u b l i c a n Move -m e n t ( w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e S i n n F e i n P a r t y ) h a v e b e e n h e l d in H y d e P a r k 01 e l s e w h e r e in L o n d o n . It is c e r t a i n l y a f ac t t h a t a p l a t f o r m set u p a t A r l i n g -ton Road , C a m d e n T o w n , i m m e d i a t e l y p r io r t o t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n m i l f i ng t h e r e , w a s m o u n t e d by y o u n g g e n t l e m e n w h o a n n o u n c e d t h a t t h e y w e i e o p e n i n g a m e e t i n g on beha l f of S inn F e i n .

N o w it s e e m s t h a t al l t h a t w a s be-ing w i t n e s s e d w a s a w e l l - m e a n i n g a t t e m p t to s u p p o r t R e p u b l i c a n i s m , pei h a p s m o t i v a t e d by a d e s i r e to e m u -late t h e C o n n o l l y Assoc i a t i on , w h i c h l ipids a m e e t i n g t h e r e e a c h w e e k .

T h e n a g a i n , it is u n d e r s t o o d t h a t a p p e a l s to t h o s e p r e s e n t to jo in S i n n Fein , h a v e b e e n m a d e f r o m t h e p l a t -f o : m of t h e " I r i sh N a t i o n a l U n i o n " (so; ie of i t s p e r s o n n e l u sed f o i m e r l y to speak u n d e r t h e t i t l e of t h e " U n i t e d I r i s h m e n , " w h e n m a n y p e o p l e t h o u g h t t h e y wi re a s soc i a t ed v. i th t h e p a p e r oi s i m i l a r t i t l e ) . W h i l e p e o p l e a r e no d o u b t w i t h i n t h e i r r i g h t s to a d v i s e t h e i r h e a r e r s to jo in a n y t h i n g t h a t a p p e a r s t o t h e m good , t h e U n i t e d I r i s h m a n w a r n s t h a t if w o u l d be a m i s t a k e to t a k e t h e m for t h e o r g a n -isa t ion t h e y a r e s u p p o r t i n g . Yet t h i s is o f t e n d o n e .

In G l a s g o w , a m a n w h o a s k e d e x t r e m e l y h o s t i l e q u e s t i o n s of t h e C o n n o l l y Asso -c i a t i o n s p e a k e r s r e f e r r e d c o n s t a n t l y to i h e " S i n F e i n m e e t i n g s in H y d e P a r k . " T h e r e c a n t h e r e f o r e lx? n o d o u b t t h a t t h e m a j o -r i t y of I r i s h p e o p l e t h i n k t h a t t h e I N.U. d o e s r e p r e s e n t S i n n F e i n , o r t h e R e p u b l i -c a n m o v e m e n t i n s o m e w a y . i t is a l s o c lcai t h a t s o m e of i t s m e m b e r s p a r t i c i p a t e In it. F o r e x a m p l e , a g e n t l e m a n w h o o f t e n s p o k e f o r t h e I .N.U. in H y d e P a r k w a s p r o m i n e n t l y v i s ib l e h a n d l i n g b u n d l e s of t h e " U n i t e d I r i s h m a n " a t T r a f a l g a r S q u a r e .

It is t h e r e f o r e c l e a r t h a t a c o n f u s e d s i t u a t i o n e x i s t s , a n d t h e I r i s h in L o n d o n a r c s u r e l y e n t i t l e d t o b e t t e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n . H a v e t h e y n o r i g h t t o k n o w e x a c t l y w h o it i s t h a t a p p e a l s t o t h e m f o r s u p p o r t ? W h a t is t h e I r i s h N a t i o n a l U n i o n if i t is n o t h i n g t o d o w i t h t h e R e p u b l i c a n m o v e m e n t ? A n y b o d y c a n l i n d o u t w h a t t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n is by t h e s i m p l e p r o c e s s of b u y i n g i t s p r i n t e d C o n s t i t u t i o n f o r t h r e e -p e n c e . I t i s a c o m p l e t e l y i n d e p e n d e n t , n o n - p a r t y , n o n - s e c t a r i a n o r g a n i s a t i o n w h o s e a n n u a l c o n f e r e n c e wil l e l ec t i ts n e w e x e c u t i v e o n S e p t e m b e r 13 th in L o n d o n .

B u t w h o is t h e s e c r e t a r y of t h e 1 N .U.? W h e r e is i t s c o n s t i t u t i o n p u b l i s h e d ? W h a t a r e t h e n a m e s of i t s o f f i c e r s W h e r e is i t s b e a d o l l i ce? W h i l e t h e s e t h i n g s a r e not a v a i l a b l e , o r a t l e a s t n o t m a d e r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e pub l i c , p e o p l e c a n n o t b e b l a m e d l o r t h i n k i n g it Is s o m e o f f s h o o t of t h e R e p u b l i c a n m o v e m e n t i n I r e l a n d .

All t h i s i m p l i e s n o d i s c r e d i t t o it. W h a t -e v e r g o v e r n i n g b o d y it p o s s e s s e s is u n d e r in o b l i g a t i o n t o p u b l i s h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n we a s k i n g a b o u t . B u t i t w o u l d s u r e l y b e p o l i t i c a l l y wi.se t o d o so w h e n t h e i m p l i c a -t i o n s of t h e s t a t e m e n t in t h e U n i t e d I r i s h m a n " a r e s o p l a i n t o b e r e a d .

Pei h a p s t h e R e p u b l i c a n m o v e m e n t i tself m i g h t c o n s i d e r o n e s u g g e s t i o n t h a t c o u l d h e l p c l a r i t y t h e o b s c u r i t i e s of t h e p o s i t i o n in L o n d o n C o u l d it not r e - e x a m i n e t h e que: t i o n of S i n n F e i n o r g a n i s a t i o n s in B r i t a i n c o n d u c t i n g t h e i r o w n p r o p a g a n d a m e e t i n g s ? If t h e r e w e r e r e g u l a r m e e t i n g s he ld by S i n n F e i n , a n d k n o w n t o be offi-cial, t h e n i h e r e c o u l d be n o e o n l u s i o n , a n d t in s i t u a t i o n t h e " U n i t e d I r i s h m a n ' ' c o m -p l a i n s a b o u t c o u l d n o t a r i s e . All I r i s h o r g a n i s a t i o n s a r e e n t i t l e d t o e x p r e s s t h e i r opuiH n u n d e r t h e I r i s h Hag t h o u g h it is r e i ' r c l t a b l e t h e r e is not m o r e u n i t y a m o n g t s e n . but c o n f u s i o n is l ike ly to a r i s e be-t'.'.ci n o r g a n i s a t i o n s of s i m i l a r s t a n d p o i n t ) | tho.se w h o f e a r m i s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n do not s p e a k f o r t h e m s e l v e s .

Ireland gives the lead in Europe

\ \ ' H A T a g u f f a w w e n t u p f r o m a g r o u p of E n g l i s h m e n w h e n I v e n t u r e d a

s t a t e m e n t on t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a t u s of t h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s ol I r e l a n d , in H y d e P a r k .

I wil l r e p e a t t l i e s t a t e m e n t in p r i n t .

I s a i d : " T h e R e p u b l i c of I r e l a n d is t h e m o s t p r o g r e s s i v e s t a t e — i n d e e d t h e on ly p r o g r e s s i v e s t a t e —in W e s t e r n E u r o p e . "

H a s it a n y f a u l t s ? P l e n t y . D o e s i t s s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n g i v e c a u s e f o r

c o m p l a c e n c y ? No . I s t h e r e n o t h i n g t o c o m p l a i n o f ? P l e n t y . B u t a l l t h e s a m e , it is t h e m o s t p r o g r e s -

s i v e s t a t e in W e s t e r n E u r o p e , a n d I c a n p r o v e it.

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T o d a y t h e b ig p o w e r s a r e l o o k i n g a t e a c h o t h e r l ike a n g r y p u s s y - c a t s o n a wal l , t a i l s c i r c l i n g , w h i s k e r s b r i s t l i n g . T h e r e a r e d i f -f e r e n t v i e w s o n t h e q u e s t i o n ol" w h o is m o s t t o b l a m e . I h a v e m i n e . Y o u h a v e y o u r s . B u t t a l k a b o u t b o m b s ! If e v e r y b o m b t h e y h a v e g o t a m o n g t h e lot of t h e m w a s t o go t h i s m i n u t e , it is t o b e d o u b t e d if t h e r e w o u l d be a m a n a l i v e in t h e w o r l d .

T h e g e n t l e m e n in H y d e P a r k t h r e w t h e e x p r e s s i o n " b a c k w a r d " a t I r e l a n d . B u t t h e y w e r e t h a n k i n g G o d a t t h a t ve ry t i m e t h a t M r . K r u s h c h e v a n d M r . E i s e n h o w e r w e r e g o i n g t o t a l k b e f o r e t h e y s t a r t e d t o fight. F o r t h e y k n e w wel l , if t h e r e w a s a w a r . B r i t a i n w o u l d b e in i t . u p t o t h e n e c k . T h i s i s l a n d , t h a t y o u c o u l d a l m o s t s p i t a c r o s s , w o u l d b e a s m o k i n g r a d i o a c t i v e r u i n f r o m e n d t o e n d . A n d it is d o u b t f u l if t h e G e n e r a l S t a f f a n d C a b i n e t w o u l d find it m u c h u s e c o m i n g o u t of t h e s e c r e t h i d e - o u t s t h e y h a v e n o d o u b t d u g u n d e r L o n d o n , b e c a u s e t h e r e ' d b e n o b o d y l e f t t o s e r v e t h e m a b o t t l e of c h a m p a g n e , c l e a n t h e i r boo t s , o r e v e n m a k e t h e p o r r i d g e .

M y i n t e r r u p t e r s k n e w i t . N o t o n e of t h e m b u t w a s a f r a i d . T h e r e w a s n o t a m o t h e r s t a n d i n g t h e r e w h o d id n o t f e a r w h a t w a s g o i n g t o h a p p e n t o h e r c h i l d r e n .

W e l l — g e t h o l d of t h i s . T h a t f e a r is l a r g e l y a b s e n t f r o m I r i s h h o m e s . W h y ? B e c a u s e t h a t T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s is N E U T R A L . I t h a s d e c l a r e d i t s i n t e n t i o n of n o t t a k i n g p a r t in m u t u a l s u i c i d e . N o t t h a t s o m e b o d y c o u l d n ' t d r o p a b o m b i n t h e w r o n g p l a c e — b u t b o m b s a r e e x p e n s i v e - v e r y e x p e n s i v e . It w o u l d h a r d l y be l ike ly

t h e y ' d w a s t e t e n m i l l i o n l i g h t l y . I t w o u l d h a v e t o be a b a d m i s t a k e .

S o a t a n y r a t e t h e I r i s h p u b l i c l i a s a s a f e g u a r d t h e B r i t i s h p u b l i c h a s n ' t .

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T h a t s a f e g u a r d d o e s n ' t e x t e n d to t h e S i x C o u n t i e s . A n d it is u n f o r t u n a t e l y p o s -s i b l e t h a t a b o m b d r o p p e d o n B e l f a s t c o u l d c a u s e s e r i o u s i n j u r y i n D u n d a l k .

A b o u t t h i r t y B e l f a s t y o u n g p e o p l e w e n t t o a f e s t i v a l in V i e n n a l a s t m o n t h , w i t h a v i e w t o r e d u c i n g t h e r i s k of w a r by p r o -m o t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l f r i e n d s h i p a m o n g t h e y o u t h .

A good i dea . B u t t h e s u r e s t w a y t o s e c u r e t h e S i x -

C o u n t ) people f r o m t h e n.-k of w a r is t o • j o i n t he R e p u b l i c !

Q u i t e a n u m b e r of people a r c b o u n d to t h i n k it is a bit p o i n t l e s s to be g a l l i v a n t i n g r o u n d E u r o p e l o r peace , if a t t h e s a m e t i m e you a r e n o t m a k i n g t h e s i m p l e de-m a n d which c a n a s s u r e t h e n o n - i n v o l v e -m e n t of I r e l a n d a s a whole i n a n y pos -s i b l e war .

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I t m i g h t be a r g u e d t h a t n e u t r a l i t y , n o n -c o m m i t m e n t a s it is f a s h i o n a b l y c a l l e d t h e s e days, is n o t e n o u g h , t h a t w h a t is a l s o w a n t e d is a c t i v e d i p l o m a t i c i n t e r v e n -t i o n f o r peace .

I t is p rec i se ly t h a t w h i c h t h e D u b l i n G o v e r n m e n t is d o i n g . Mr . F r a n k A i k e n , o n t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s of h i s G o v e r n m e n t , h a s m a d e two p r o p o s a l s , o n e f o r e a c h w o r l d d a n g e r spot . I f t h e s e p r o p o s a l s w e r e c a r -r i e d out a m o s t i m p o r t a n t s t e p w o u l d h a v e

••••••••••••••a

WORLD ! COMMENTARY I ! by

THE EDITOR i : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ^ • • • • • • • • a t ,

b e e n t a k e n f o r t h e m a i n t e n a n c e of p e a c e . F i r s t . I r e l a n d p r o p o s e d t h a t f o r e i g n t r o o p s s h o u l d w i t h d r a w f r o m t h e p o i n t w h e r e t h e y were f a c i n g e a c h o t h e r i n C e n t r a l E u r o p e . I n s t e a d of o n e i ron c u r t a i n , b r i s t -l i n g w i th b o m b s , b a r b e d w i r e a n d s p y -h o u s e s , t h e r e w o u l d b e two w o o d e n f e n c e s a f e w h u n d r e d m i l e s a p a r t .

I t is j u s t a s if t w o m e n w e r e t o b e s e e n p o i n t i n g r e v o l v e r s a t e a c h o t h e r ' s h e a r t s , a n d g e s t i c u l a t i n g a n d a r g u i n g , a n d a n e u t -r a l b y s t a n d e r w a s t o say, " F o r G o d ' s s a k e p u t t h o s e d a m n t h i n g s down, a n d t a l k l ike s e n s i b l e m e n . "

A n d it t ook a n I r i s h m a n t o t e l l t h e m t h a t .

W h a t ' s m o r e i m p o r t a n t — i n a n o t h e r w a y t h e y h a v e t a k e n t h e I r i s h a d v i c e . T h e y h a v e n ' t a c t u a l l y p u t d o w n t h e g u n s , b u t t h e y ' v e d e c i d e d t o h a v e a bit of a t a l k a n d m a k e s u r e w h e t h e r i t is r e a l l y n e c e s s a r y t o p o i n t t h e m a t e a c h o t h e r .

T h e n , in t h e F a r E a s t , t h e I r i s h p r o p o s a l w a s a l so q u i t e s i m p l e . " L e t C h i n a i n t o t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s . "

W h y ? F o r t h e s a k e of t h e i r b r i g h t b l u e e y e s ? B e c a u s e t h e G o v e r n m e n t i s t o I r e -l a n d ' s l i k i n g ? N o . N o t h i n g of t h e s o r t . B u t b e c a u s e i t i s s e e n to be u t t e r l y r i d i c u -l o u s t o be c o m p l a i n i n g t h a t C h i n a is d o i n g t h i s a n d d o i n g t h a t , if you r e f u s e t o r e c o g -

n i s e h e r e x i s t e n c e . G e t h e r t o s i t a t t h e e . i n -f e r e n c e t a b l e , a n d t h e n s h e ' l l b e bound , to w h a t s h e a g r e e s to, l ike I r e l a n d o r a n y o t h e r c o u n t r y . B u t if s h e ' s n o t l e t i n o n t h i n g s , w h o c a n b l a m e h e r if s h e m a k e s h e r o w n a r r a n g e m e n t s ? If you w o n ' t l i s t e n t o H E R case , w h y s h o u l d s h e l i s t e n 13 Y O U R S ?

T h e s e t w o p r o p o s a l s c o m i n g f r o m I r e -l a n d w e r e a m a j o r c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e s o r t of t h i n k i n g t h a t wil l s e c u r e w o r l d p e a c e . T h e y w e r e e c h o e d by m a n y o t h e r s m a l l a n d n o n - c o m m i t t e d n a t i o n s . I r e l a n d s p o k e f o r m o r e t h a n h e r s e l f i n t h o s e s e s s i o n s . S h e s h o w e d t h e s o r t o i l e a d e r s h i p s h e g a \ e in 1935 w h e n I r e l a n d w a s a l m o s t a l o n e in t h e L e a g u e of N a t i o n s p r o t e s t i n g a g a i n s t t h e r a p e of A b y s s i n i a w h i l e B r i t a i n w a s s e c r e t l y h e l p i n g M u s s o l i n i .

T h e E n g l i s h m a n i n t e r r u p t i n g i n H y d e P a r k s h o u l d get a n e a r f u l of o n e s i m p l e t h i n g — t h e I r i s h G o v e r n m e n t i s do i r .g m o r e t o s a v e h i s s k i n t h a n h i s o w n G o v -e r n m e n t is d o i n g .

A n d a n y w a y , h o w d o y o u j u d g e a p r o g r e s s i v e s t a t e ? W h a t is a g r e a t , a c u l t u r e d p e o p l e ? D o you j u d g e it b y m i l i -t a r y s t r e n g t h ? O r b y \ n r i d e of p o s s e s s i o n s in t h e h a n d s of i t s r i c K m e n ? O r i n t h e c o n q u e s t of f o r e i g n t e r r i t o r i e s ? O r d o you j u d g e it by i t s s t a n d i n g \ a n d a c t i n g f o r t h o s e p r i n c i p l e s w h i c h will p r o t e c t a n d a d v a n c e o u r c o m m o n h u m a n i t y ?

C r i t i c i s e if y o u w i l l — a n d \ e v e r y d e m o -c r a t r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t t o c r i t i c i s e — t h e R e -p u b l i c of I r e l a n d m e a s u r e s u d t o t h e t r u e d e f i n i t i o n of g r e a t n e s s b e t t e n t h a n t h e B r i t a i n of M a c m i l l a n a n d S e l w y n L l o y d . T h e w o r d p r o g r e s s m u s t s t i ck i n \ v e r v d e -c e n t E n g l i s h m a n ' s m o u t h w l f e n t h e m u r -d e r e r s of t h e u n f o r t u n a t e A f r i c a n s i m L h e H o l a c a m p r e m a i n u n p u n i s h e d .

T h e r e is. of c o u r s e , a n o t h e r B r i t a i n . B u t t h e B r i t a i n of t h e p e o p l e will a p p l a u d I r e -l a n d ' s w o r k f o r w o r l d peace , a n d n o t s n e e r a b o u t a b a c k w a r d n e s s t h a t d o e s n o t e x i s t . * * *

O n e f i n a l p o i n t . T h i s i n d e p e n d e n t s t a t e , t h e o n l y s t a t e

in W e s t e r n E u r o p e t h a t is n o t i n t h e i m -p e r i a l i s t i c N .A.T .O . a l l i a n c e , is n o t loved by t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s . *

T h e r e a s o n f o r p a r t i t i o n w a s t h a t w h e n t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s of B r i t a i n r e a l i s e d t h e y c o u l d n o t s t o p t h e I r i s h p e o p l e h a v i n g t h e i r o w n g o v e r n m e n t , t h e y s t r o v e t o m a k e t h i n g s a s d i f f i c u l t a s p o s s i b l e f o r t h e m .

W h a t p a r t i t i o n f a i l e d t o do, t h e y h o p e d t h e t r a d e w a r w o u l d ? B u t t h a t a l s o f a i l e d . T h e n t h e y p l a c e d t h e i r r e l i a n c e o n s t a r v -i n g t h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s of e s s e n t i a l m a t e r i a l s . W h i l e b l a t h e r i n g a b o u t t h e B r i t i s h N a v v d e f e n d i n g I r e l a n d , t h e y r e -

( C o n t i n u e d on P a g e Two, Col. F o u r )

LET'S BE CAREFUL W H A T W E SAY ' T W E R E is a d a n g e r t h a t Irish *• s p e a k e r s in B r i t a i n — p a r t i c u l a r l y

s o m e in Wydfl Park, London, a ren-dezvous (or t h o u s a n d s of i r i s h m e n each w e e k - e n d — m a y g ive a w r o n g i m p r e s s i o n to t h e E n g l i s h w h o are there a s wel l .

I t y o u a r e in I r e l a n d w i t h f e w 3Xceptions, t h o s e l i s t e n i n g to you wil l be I r i s h , a n d will k n o w t h e h i s t o r y of i t s p o l i t i c s a n d t h e a g e - l o n g e p i c of I r i s h n a t i o n a l i s m s t r u g g l i n g f o r i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d d e m o c r a c y .

T h e r e is u n d o u b t e d l y w i d e s p r e a d d i s c o n t e n t a t t h e D u b l i n G o v e r n -m e n t ' s r o u n d i n g u p R e p u b l i c a n s w h i l e f a i l i n g t o g i v e a l e a d on p a r -t i t i o n i t s e l f . B u t t h e p r o p e r p l a c e t o e x p r e s s t h a t d i s c o n t e n t is n o t E n g l a n d , b u t I r e l a n d .

I t is of c o u r s e o n e t h i n g to d i s t r i -b u t e a n e w s p a p e r f r o m I r e l a n d in w h i c h a n y E n g l i s h p u r c h a s e r c a n g a m a n o v e r a l l p i c t u r e a n d see t h a t t h e m a i n e n e m y is B r i t i s h i m p e r i a l -i sm. I t is a n o t h e r t o m o u n t a p l a t -f o r m a n d i n v e i g h c o n t i n u o u s l y a g a i n s t t h e F i a n n a F a i l o r o t h e r s .

f I M I E r e a s o n w h y t h i s is m i s t a k e n is * t h a t t h e B r i t i s h go a w a y w i t h

t h e i m p r e s s i o n H i a t t h e I r i s h a r e q u a r r e l l i n g a m o n g t h e m s e l v e s , a n d 1 h u t t h e i i o r t h e r n u n i o n i s t s a r e j u s t i-ficd in w i s h i n g t o a v o i d c o n t a c t w i t h D u b l i n .

T h i s w a s b o r n e in s h a r p l y w h e n a n O r a n g e m a n f r o m B e l f a s t i n t e r -r u p t e d a n I r i s h s p e a k e r w h o a d v o -c a t e d t h e r e l e a s e of t h e 197 p r i s o n e r s h e l d in B e l f a s t j a i l by r e f e r e n c e t o D e V a l e r a a n d t h e C u r r a g h . T h e B r i t i s h p u b l i c h a v e n o m e a n s of d o i n g a n y t h i n g a b o u t D e V a l e r a a n d t h e C u r r a g h e x c e p t by fighting a g a i n s t t h e h a b i t of t h e i r o w n Im-p e r i a l i s t G o v e r n m e n t of i n t e r f e r i n g in t h e a f f a i r s of o t h e r c o u n t r i e s .

E v e r y b o d y k n o w s it w a s t h e i n t e r -v e n t i o n of t h e B r i t i s h A m b a s s a d o r t h a t p u t t h e R e p u b l i c a n s i n s i d e . T h e r e s p o n s i b l e p e o p l e a r e n e a r e r t h a n D u b l i n t h e y a r e in L o n d o n . B y t h e s a m e t o k e n t h o s e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e j a i l i n g s i n B e l f a s t a r e in L o n d o n - t h i s t i m e m o r e d i r e c t l y r e s p o n -sible.

T h e n t h e r e ' s a n o t h e r t h i n g . T h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s i.s o n e of t h e m o s t d e m o c r a t i c s t a t e s m t h e w o r l d . C o m p a r e it w i t h Egyp t , o r I n d i a , or G h a n a , or F r a n c e . T h e r i g h t s of t h e c i t i zen a r e m u c h t h e s a m e a s in B r i t a i n . H o l l a n d , S w e d e n , o r D e n -m a r k f a r a h e a d of I t a l y , S p a m , U.S.A. oi- S w i t z e r l a n d .

Le t ' s l ooks f a c t s m I h e f a c e . I<et's be c a r e l u l w h a t we say. A n E n g l i s h p e r s o n g o i n g t o t h e T u w n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s will feel h e c a n d o j u s t w h a t h e c o u l d d o in E n g l a n d , a n d

a n I r i s h m a n c o m i n g to- E n g l a n d l i k e w i s e h a s a b o u t t h e s a m e afnount) of f r e e d o m a n d d o e s n ' t fee l h e h a s s u d d e n l y bfeen let o u t of pr i son .

I n d e e d w h i l e E n g l a n d m a y be m o r e free in s o m e ways , t h e r e a r e Just a s m a n y w a y s in w h i c h t h e t h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s h a s m o r e democrafcy t h a n Erifeland: P r o p o r -tional1 r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , for e x a m p l e . T h e n t a k e C a b i n e t G o v e r n m e n t — J a m e s C o n n o l l y p o i n t e d o u t t h a t B r i t a i n is g o v e r n e d by a " C a b i n e t " w h i c h is n e v e r efccMd. T h e I r i s h m i n i s t r y is e l e c t e d by t h e Dai l . T h e King ' o r Q u e e n is n e v e r e l ec ted . T h e I r i s h p r e s i d e n t is. T e l e v i s i o n i n B r i t a i n is a " l i c e n c e to co in m o n e y " h e l d by b u s i n e s s in teres t s . T e l e v i s i o n in I r e l a n d is u n d e r s t a t e c o n t r o l l i k e t h e B B C a n d r e f l e c t s n a t i o n a l i n -t e r e s t s . B u t t h e r e is n o t m u c h d i f -f e r e n c e . B o t h I r e l a n d a n d E n g l a n d l o r t h e k i n d of s t a t e s t h e y a r e . a r e v e r y d e m o c r a t i c i n d e e d bv t h e low-s t a n d a r d s of m u c h of t h e w o r l d t o d a y .

B u t c o m p a r e t h e m w i t h t h e p o l i c e s t a t e of t h e S ix C o m i t i e s ! T h e r e y o u s e e e v e n t h e m o s t e l e m e n t a r y d e m o , e r a t i c r i g h t s ( l o u t e d . L e t t h e B r i t i s h p u b l i c k n o w a b o u t t h a t , a n d let. u s not fou l o u r o w n n e s t by c r e a t i n g a n u t t e r l y f a l s e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t t h e r e is n o t a h i g h l y - d e v e l o p e d d e m o c r a c y c e n t r e d o n D u b l i n .

4 T H E IRISH DEMOCRAT September 1959

British M.P.s don't know irv \ \ MAN B R I A N V.'I' K I N S O N

1'ai ! : a m e n ' - ill.It ! i

• • i h e q u e s -. d s o n t h e

M e m b e r R e m o l d s N

p< ''At-rs a m i

e i v j u v r.e i ed h i m . c r a t . " It i t a r a s

pol l : d i r . f a r . l a m e n t s a t .

s u n a e - i e o t h e , s h o u l d c iu i ' i i t v i n t o i ier : i I r e l a n d p o l i c e m e t h o d s , a s h e -

a led oy i l i e pet ' i o n f o r i l l . ' i n q u i r y i n t o a l i e n e d t o r t m e " i M a l u m a n d T a l b o t

: l e i faM ja i l l i ' om G. R M u c h i s o n

So lie s e n t it t .- t h e " I r i s h r a n : F a r h a m e n t m c o n c e r n e d .

P e t o r c e s o u t s i d e L o n d o n a r e r e s p o n s -.: :< t o Uie i r loca l W a t c h C o m m i t t e e o r ; '. , J : n i ! J o . n t C o m m i t t e e so t h e r e i s n o M.: . S e r i a l r e s p o m d i i l i tv f o r t h e i r c o n t r o l

,:i g e n e r a l l i t t l e o p p o r t u n i t y t o r P a r l i a -:.a : a i y ac t i on . "

IS HE S U R E ? : :s M r . M l l M l i s o n s t u v . "

V . i n n a b o u t P o p k e s s m N ' o t u n . t h a m ' . ' D i d M: B i u i e r n o t i n t e r v e n e t h e r e ? A n d if

d id . h o w c a n it b e s a i d t h e r e is n o M . . s t e r i a i r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . It w a s s a i d a t i : <.' n i n e t h e r e w a s M i n i s t e r . a l r e s p o n s i -b. . u n d e r t h e P o l i c e Act f o r t h e oO p e r c e o ' of t i l e cos t of t h e po l ice w h i c h is b o r n e by t h e G o v e t n i n e n t . a n d t h a t t l i e G ' e m i n e n t c o u l d w i t h h o l d it it N o t t i n g -h a m d i d n ' t c o m e t o hee l .

A n d w h a t a b o u t t h e W a t t o r s c a s e ? W a s n ' t t h e r e a n e n q u i r y h e l d ove r a c a s e 1:1 T h u r s o — a b o u t a s f a r a w a y f r o m L o n -d o n a s a n y p o l i c e f o r c e in B r i t a i n c o u l d p o s s i b l y be? A n d w a s n ' t i t h e l d a s a r e -st.!* of P a r l i a m e n t a r y a c t i o n by M . P . s ?

A n d if a s " R e y n o l d s " a l l eged , t h e r e w a s he . r .g c o n t e m p l a t e d t h e s t a g i n g of a d e -b a - e o n po l ice c o n d u c t in g e n e r a l , c a n it

their own laws be a r m i e d t h a t t h i s w o u M be o u t s i d e t : l e f u n c t i o n ol P a r l i a m e n t ? I s n o t t h e p r e s e n t Po l i ce A c t a n Act of P a r l i a m e n t , a n d c a n P a r l i a m e n t n o , p a s s a n . t h e r if it w i s h e - ' .

T h e a n s w e r ol M r , M i t c h . s o n a m o u r ' s m e f f e c t t o o n e i h i i u r it i s t oo m u n i t r o u b l e .

SIX COUNTIES Very f e w AI P.s h a v e an : . : i ed t h a t t h e .-::<-

c o u n t y p o s i t i o n is c o m p a : a b l e to t h a t •>• a

"Notw i ths tand ing the establishment of the Par l iament of Northern I re land, or any th ing contained in this Act, the supreme author i ty of the Par l iament of the Uni ted Kingdom shail remain unaffected and un-diminished over al! persons, matters and things in Nor thern Ireland and every part thereof."

local f o r c e i n t h e p r o v m . ai v.ie t h a t w a y s h o w -t h e a c t u a l p o s i t i o n but h o r s e s e n s e a i t h i n k i n g l a n d is t r e a t e d a - n :: pro-, m c e s ol B r i t a i n .

Bu t m o s t M P s s p e a k < a n d t l ' a n s l e r r e d power c . in i ro l of ]>.i.u-e a n d j ' i -l i ie f o r m e r U n i t e d

•es of B r i t a i n , 'i a. iii. know ledijje • f a c e r t a i n o m i n i m N o r t h e a s t e r n [ .<-

•[ r e s e r v e d p o w e : P ill ' Ulg (I'll t h a t ; ice is a p o w e r f

K i l l ed , .in t r a n s l e r r e d

C!overua»en! ol I r e A. 1920. S e c t i o n

to t i le S t o r m o n t G o v e r n m e n t . U n d e r t h i s a r g u m e n t it f in i t e r a j h t i v

p u t t h a t t h e r e is n o M i n i s t e r i a l r e . - pons i -bi l i ty.

But b e c a u s e Mr . B u t l e r c a n n o t do a n y -t h i n g off h i s o w n ba t in o t h e r w o r d s be-c a u s e t h e s i x - c o u n t y p o l i c e is n o t u n d e r Mr . B u t l e r - i t d o e s n ' t m e a n t i i a t Par l ia-ment c a n n o t d o a n y t h i n g .

U N C O N S T I T U T I O N A L P a r l i a m e n t m a d e t h e l a w t h a t t r a n s -

f e r r e d t h e s e p o w e r s t o B e l f a s t I t c a n m a k e a n o t h e r l a w t r a n s f e r r i n g t h e m b a c k . O r it c a n p a s s a law t h a t t h e s e t r a n s -f e r r e d p o w e r s m u s t f r o m n o w o n be e x e r -c ised in a c e r t a i n way . I t c a n p a s s a l a w

d e m a n d i n g t h a t a n e n q u i r y s h a l l t a k e p l a c e a n d h a v i n g en >:;;n t r o o p s a r id

! h e r e :•< l io .d t h e c o u n t r y d o w n . i' c a n e n : rce i'.s law . S t o r m m ; d o e s no; po-s iv- i a s o k h e r of i ts own.

T l u » lai ' t w i n c h i n d e e d i> i n h e r e n t in t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l t e a c l i n i e of t h e s u p r e m -a c y of P a r l i a m e n t , u n d e r w i n c h t h e 1949 I r e l a n d Ar t is p a t e n t l y u n c o n s t i t u t i o n a l a n d in a n y o i l t e r c o u n t r y w o u l d h a v e b e e n d e c l a r e d n u l l a n d vo id l o n g ago - i s c l e a r l y w r i t t e n i r . to t h e G o v e r n m e n t of I r e l a n d Act . 1920.

Mos t M P.s l u s t d o n ' t k n o w t h e i r o w n laws . T h e s e c t i o n (7.~>> is p r i n t e d a b o v e , a n d s h o u l d be m a d e k n o w n , a n d m a d e k n o w n a n d r u b b e d in, u n t i l t h e r e p r e s e n t a -t i v e s of t h e p e o p l e k n o w c l e a r l y t h a t t h e y h a v e t h e p o w e r a s wel l a s t h e d u t y t o see j u s t i c e d o n e .

T h e m o r e s i g n a t u r e s o b t a i n e d t o t h e I r i s h p e t i t i o n , n o w t o be p r e s e n t e d a t t h e e n d of t h e y e a r , t h e m o r e t h i s f a c t will be b r o u g h t h o m e .

CORK SHIPYARD IS SAFE "THE new shipyard is to be built in

Cork—with Irish money. Most Cork men wil l have a feeling of re-lief that it is to be built at all, but an interesting controversy has arisen over the question of the—Irish money.

P r e v i o u s l y t h e D u t c h V e r h o l m e c o n c e r n w a s g o i n g to p u t d o w n five m i l l i o n p o u n d s , a n d s u p p l y p l a n s , k n o w how, e v e r y t h i n g bu t t h e l a b o u r , w i t h w h i c h C o r k C i t y is we. ; s u p p l i e d .

T h e n t h e D u t c h G o v e r n m e n t s t e p p e d m W h a t ? S e n d £5,00,000 o u t of t h e c o u n t r y w h e n H o l l a n d n e e d s e v e r y p e n n y f o r h e r o w n i n d u s t r i a l d e v e l o | m i e n t ? N o t on y o u r l i fe .

I n o r d e r t h a t t h e p r o j e c t s h o u l d b e e n -a b l e d t o p r o c e e d , t h e I n d u s t r i a l C r e d i t C .1 p a n y w i t h t h e a g r e e m e n t of t h e G o v e r n m e n t , s t e p p e d m a n d o f f e r e d t o

BARLEY PROTEST T H E C o r k C o u n t y C o m m i t t e e of A g r i c u l -

' l i r e h a s u n a n i m o u s l y p a s s e d a r e s u -l t ; ' : n c o n d e m n i n g t h e M i n i s t e r a n d D e -p a i t m e n l of A g r i c u l t u r e lo r h a n d i n g o v e r t in- h a n d l i n g ol t h e 19.VJ b a r l e y c r o p t o t:.<. m i l l e r s .

'I h e m i l l e r s in I r e l a n d a r c m o s t l y c o n -t i n u e d by t h e B r i t i s h m o n o p o l y R a n k s .

H i e a r r a n g e m e n t m a y p rove a d v a n -t a g e o u s t o M e s s r s . R a n k s a n d G u i n n e s s ' s ( t h e B r i t i s h - c o n t r o l l e d c o n c e r n s > b u t wi l l be ' f d u b i o u s h e l p t o p i g - f e e d e r s , a n d p o s -sibly d i s a s t r o u s t o t h e m a n y I r i s h g r o w e r s .

l e n d t h e D u t c h C o m p a n y t h e c a p i t a l t o u n d e r t a k e t h e p r o j e c t .

CURIOUS T h i s a r r a n g e m e n t w a s c r i t i c i s e d by P r o -

f e s s o r G e o r g e O ' B r i e n . H e t h o u g h t — a n d s a i d s o i n t h e S e n a t e — t h a t f o r e i g n in -v e s t o r s s h o u l d r i s k t h e i r o w n c a p i t a l , n o t t h a t of t h e I r i s h t a x p a y e r .

He a n d h i s c o l l e a g u e s w a n t e d f o r e i g n i n v e s t m e n t — n o t f o r e i g n m a n a g e m e n t of I r i s h r e s o u r c e s .

T h e I r i s h W o r k e r s ' L e a g u e p u t o u t a l e a f l e t s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e G o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d h a v e s e t u p t h e s h i p y a r d i t se l f w i t h t h e m o n e y it w a s l e n d i n g t h e f o r e i g n c a p i t a l i s t s . T h e y d i d n o t a g r e e w i t h t h e schoo l w h o w a n t e d t o e n t i c e f o r e i g n in-v e s t m e n t i n t o I r e l a n d . T h e y b e l i e v e d t h e " c u r r e n t d r i v e to a t t r a c t f o r e i g n c a p i t a l " w o u l d n o t m a t e r i a l l y i m p r o v e t h e s i t u a -t i on in t h e c o u n t r y .

SO WHY ? T h e q u e s i o n t h u s a r i s e s , if t h e e x t r e m e

C o n s e r v a t i v e a n d t h e e x t r e m e S o c i a l i s t e l e m e n t s in t h e c o u n t r y a r e a t o n e m c o n -d e m n i n g t h i s p r o c e d u r e , w h y d i d t h e in -b e t w e e n G o v e r n m e n t o l L e m a s s do s u c h a t i l i n g ?

W a s it t h a t t h e y f e a r e d t h e " s o c i a l i s t " t a n g of p u b l i c e n t e r p r i s e " ?

T h a t is ve ry d o u b t f u l . If t h e b u i l d i n g of a s h i p y a r d by t h e I r i s h G o v e r n m e n t w o u l d be " s o c i a l i s t , " t h e t h e I n d u s t r i a l C r e d i t C o m p a n y is a l s o s o c i a l i s t . T h e i n v e s t i n g of S t a t e f u n d s in t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of i n -d u s t r i e s is on ly s o c i a l i s t w h e n t h e S t a t e

i t se l f is S o c i a l i s t . " W h o wil l l o o k a f t e r t h e k e e p e r s ? " s a y s t h e o ld L a t i n t a g .

T h e r e f o r e t o r e p r e s e n t t h i s a s a w a r be-t w e e n " c a p i t a l i s t " p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e a n d " s o c i a l i s t " p u b l i c e n t e r p r i s e w o u l d n o t be s t r i k i n g w i t h i n m i l e s of t h e h u b of t h e t h i n g .

NOT FOOLS T h e I r i s h c a p i t a l i s t s — a n d t h e i r G o v e r n -

m e n t s — a r e n o t t h e f o o l s t h e y a r e o f t e n t a k e n t o be.

Mr , L e m a s s w o u l d n o t h e s i t a t e t o ex-t e n d t h e S t a t e s e c t o r of I r i s h c a p i t a l i s m if h e t h o u g h t it m e a n t m o r e m o n e y f o r t h o s e h e r e p r e s e n t s .

T h e mos t p r o b a b l e x p l a n a s t i o n is n o t to be s o u g h t in t e r m s of i d e o l o g i e s , b u t in ex-p e d i e n c y . M o s t l ikely t h e G o v e r n m e n t a r e u n w i l l i n g t o r e l m g u i s h t h e c o n n e c t i o n w i t h H o l l a n d . T h e y p e r h a p s h o p e t h a t at a c e r t a i n p o i n t t h e D u t c h G o v e r n m e n t wil i r e l e n t , p e r h a p s p e r m i t a p a r t i a l f i n a n c i n g f r o m H o l l a n d , o r p o s s i b l y p e r m i t a d d i t . ,na l p r o j e c t s u n d e r t h e a e g i s of Vcr-liol m e ( .nee t h e D u t c h m e n h a v e b e e n got i n t o I r e l a n d F i n a l l y , t h e p r o b a b l y h o p e ! t h a t V( r h o l m e will r o u t e b u s i n e s s t h r o u g h C o r k o n c e t h e y a r e e s t a b h d i e d t h e r e .

M e a i . ' . v h u e . t h e e s t a b l n h m e i i t ol t h e s h i p y a r d will b e a boon t o t h e C o r k u n -e m p l o y e d . a n d s h o u l d s t r e n g t h e n I r e l a n d ' s j e c o n o m i c p o s i t i o n t a k e n o n t h e w h o l e .

NOTES AND NEWS ] \ t O W that an t t -Ca tho i | C sec ta r i an i sm i ;

r a i s i n g its h e a d a g a i n in Be if as: peop le will want to k n o w w h o a n d w h a ' ara b e h i n d Pais ley , t h e u p - a n d - c o m m , ' C a t h o l i c baiter . So, n e x t m o n t h , Bobby Heat l ey , f o r m e r f o u n d e r - e d i t o r of I re land i on ly Labour y o u t h n e w s p a p e r , wil l g iva the r e s u l t s of a spec ia l i n v e s t i g a t i o n in an

ar t i c l e in t h e "Irish D e m o c r a t . "

* * *

T I E R E ' S w h a t g o e s o n . O n e h u n d r e d h o m e s w e r e r a i d e d in t h e B e l f a s t Fa. ,- :

R o a d a r e a in t h e m o n t h of J u l y . C a t h o l i c in t h e s h i p y a r d w e r e a f r a i d t o s p e a k ' J P r o t e s t a n t s , e v e n t h o s e t h e y k n e w a n d l i ked . At L a r n e t h i s is w h a t a n O r a n u s p e a k e r s a i d a t a 12 th of J u l y r a l l y :

"These Fenian b-gg-rs ( and I speak of them mildly) are costing us £ 8 a week to keep in jai l , and then their families are drawing fami ly allowance arid nat ional assistance.

"For £8 I th ink we could put then* down eight feet. I th ink we could find them plots where the birds would not see them. If there are more raids I fee< we should not fill our jails with them. " T h e s e F e n i a n s a r e n o t o u t of t h e w o r l d

y e t , " h e c o n c l u d e d .

S u c h is t h e k i n d of t a l k b e i n g e n g a g e d m o v e r t h e r e .

K L L t h e m o r e r e a s o n t o g e t t h e m f: • *• * q u i c k . As well a s t h e t w o r e s o l u t ; u p a s s e d a t t h e N a t i o n a l U n i o n of R a i l w a i m e n a n d t h e C o u n c i l f o r Civi l L i b e r t . ( p r o p o s e d by C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n m e : . L i m e r i c k C o r p o r a t i o n . C l a r e C o u n t y Co ' : : cil. a n d B e l l a s t G a e l i c L e a g u e h a v e d : m a n c l e d r e l e a - e .

A n d a w o r d on o n e s i d e to t h e F a . R o a d m a n w h o h a s b e e n r u n n i n g a n a : C o n n o l l y A s o c i a t i o n c r u s a d e in L o u d o n t h e p l e a t h a t "I t ie m a j o r i t y of L : m e n a r e C a t h o l i c " ( t h e C A is of co ;: n o n - s e c t a r i a n ' d o n ' t s t a r t t h a t k i n d t h i n g . W e don ' t w a n t it t o s p r e a d li B e l f a s t T h e I n : h h a v e n o d e s i r e t •• p l a c e d l ike t h e c o l o u r e d l a d s .

CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION a n d I r i s h S e l f - D e t e r m i n a t i o n L e a g u e

Application for Membership

I WISH TO JOIN T H E C O N N O L L Y ASSOCIATION

N a m e

Address

Post wi th 5 - to Head Office, 374 Grays Inn Road, London, W.C.1

A i c l • . ' e l H e a d Office: 371 Cir.iys Inn Ko.id, A n n u a l s u b s c r i p t i o n b / - i , o n d o n , w < i

C U T O U T — P O S T T O H E A D O K F K H W I T H H V K S H I L L I N G S

TONE IS COMING BACK AGAIN / ^HEFIH U P , b r a v e h e a r t s , t o - m o r r o w ' s d a w n will s ee us m a r c h a g a i n

B e n e a t h old Kr in ' s Hag of g r e e n t h a t ne 'er l ias k n o w n a s t a i n . A n d ere our h a n d s t h e s w o r d s h a l l y i e l d or f u r l e d t h a t b a n n e r l><— W e s w e a r to m a k e o u r n a t i v e l a n d f r o m t h e t y r a n t ' s t h r a l d o m f r e e !

C H O K U S : F o r T o n e is c o m i n g h a c k a g a i n w i t h l e g i o n s o'er t h e w a v e , T h e s c i o n s of Lord C l a r e ' s B r i g a d e , t h e d e a r old l a n d to s a v e . F o r T o n e is c o m i n g h a c k a g a i n w i t h l e g i o n s o'er t h e w a v e T h e d e a r old l a n d , t h e loved old l a n d , t h e brave o ld l a n d to save'.

T h o u g h c r o u c h i n g m i n i o n s p r e a c h t o u s to be t h e S a x o n ' s s l a v e , We' l l t e a c h t h e m al l w h a t p ikes c a n d o w h e n h e a r t s a r e t r u e a n d b r a v e . F l i n g F r e e d o m ' s b a n n e r to t h e breeze , let it f loa t o'er l a n d a n d sea—-We s w e a r to m a k e out n a t i v e l a n d f r o m t h e t y r a n t ' s t h i a l d o m f r e e !

~ Chorus . Y o u n g D w y e r m o n g t h e h e a t h - c l a d h i l l s of W i c k l o w l e a d s h i s m e n ; A n d R u s s e l l ' s vo ice s t i r s k i n d r e d h e a r t s in m a n y a n U l s t e r g l e n ; B r a v e F a t h e r M u r p h y ' s m e n i n a r c h o n f r o m t h e Harrow to t h e sea — W e s w e a r to m a k e o u r n a t i v e l a n d f r o m t h e t y r a n t ' s t h r a l d o m f r e e '

Chorus . l o o l o n g we 've b o r n e w i t h s m o u l d e r i n g w r a t h t h e c u r s e d a l i e n l a w s . T h a t wreck our s h r i n e s a n d burn o u r h o m e s a n d ( r u s h our c o u n t r y ' s

c a u s e ; B u t now the d a y h a s c o m e at l a s t ; R e v e n g e our w a t c h w o r d be! We s w e a r to m a k e o u r n a t i v e l a n d f r o m t h e t y r a n t ' s t h r a l d o m f r e e !

- C h o r u s

September 1959 T H E IRISH DEMOCRAT

YOU CAN DEBATE THIS TH3S conference of the Connol ly As-

sociation and Ir ish Self-determi-naiion League reaffirms its belief that the interests of the I r ish people, as well as those of the Br i t i sh and other peoples, demand the establishment of a Uni ted Democratic I r ish Republic.

A ' J m i e d D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c is nece s -s a r y

(1) Co t h a t t h e e c o n o m i c s t r a n g l e h o l d of I m p e r i a l i s m in Ire land can be p r o g r e s s i v a l y w e a k e n e d a n d f inaf ly L i o k e n , u n e m p l o y m e n t and e m i g r a -t ion abo l i shed , by p r o g r e s s i v e u a t i o n a ! d e v e l o p m e n t a n d the Iristi p e o p l e set free to p u r s u e more d i s -i a n t goa l s ,

(?) B e c a u s ? in th is w a y a l o n e can t h e i n f e r e n c e s be tween t h e Bri t i sh a n d i r i sh peooles , e n g e n d e r e d by t h e po l i cy of the Br i t i sh r u l i n g c lass , be p e r m a n e n t l y reso lved .

(:;) B e c a u s e on ly by t h i s m e a n s can t h e Irish p e o p l e play t h e i r l e g i t i m a t e part in world a f fa irs , a n d c o n t r i b u t e Hilly 13 t h e m a i n t e n a n c e of wor ld poace .

I n • l 'der ' > e n a b l e t h e I r i s h p e o p l e t o c - a c l i s h s u . - a a U n i t e d D e m o c r a t i c R e -pui'l. 'c, w e m is: seek t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o n -ci . i .ons , c r u c i a l a m o n g w h i c h i.- t h e w i t h -d r a w a l of B r i t i s h a r m e d f o r c e s f r o m N o t h c a s t e m I r e l a n d , a n d d i s c u s s i o n s b e -t w i ' U i t h e G o v e r n m e n t ' s a f f e c t e d o n t h e c i c a r ba-sis of t h e c o m p l e t e c e s s a t i o n of B r i t i s h i n t e r f e r e n c e i n i n t e r n a l I r i s h a f f a i r s .

While the w i t h d r a w a l of British troops is crucial for the future of Ireland, it can-not be achieved without a hard and pos-sibly prolonged polit ical struggle, in which there is no short cut.

T h e m o s t f a v o u r a b l e s i t u a t i o n w o u l d b e t h e e x i s t e n c e in I r e l a n d of a N a t i o n a l F r o n t c o v e r i n g t h e w h o l e 32 c o u n t i e s , w h i c h c o u l d a b o re ly o n t h e b a c k i n g of a B r i t i s h L a b o u r G o v e r n m e n t p l e d g e d t o w i t h d r a w a l f r o m I r e l a n d w i t h t h e b a c k i n g ol a s t r o n g u n i t e d w e l l - i n f o r m e d L a b o u r m o v e m e n t . W h i l e t h e m o s t f a v o u r a b l e c o n -d i t i o n s c a n n o t be g u a r a n t e e d , s u c c e s s i s p o s s i b l e e v e n it' t h e s e a r e n o t c o m p l e t e l y r e a l i s e d , t h e e s s e n t i a l f a c t o r b e i n g t h e s t r e n g t h of t h e I r i s h N a t i o n a l a n d t h e B r i t i s h L a b o u r m o v e m e n t s a n d t h e r e c o g -n i t i o n of t h e . r m u t u a l i n t e r e s t .

An I r i s h N a t i o n a l F r o n t is pos s ib l e . Al l s e c t i o n s of t h e I r i s h p e o p l e a r e t o d a y i n -vo lved i n a s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t I m p e r i a l i s m , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of a t i n y m i n o r i t y . B e l -l a s t w o r k e r s go on s t r i k e f o r j obs . B e l f a s t b u s i n e s s p e o p l e s h o w r e s e n t m e n t w h e n B r i t i s h m o n o p o l i e s b u y u p o l d - e s t a b l i s h e d loca l firms. E v e n s o m e of t h e U n i o n i s t s r e s e n t t h e e c o n o m i c c o n t r o l of W e s t -m . n s t e r . I n t h e r u r a l p a r t s of t h e s i x c o u n t i e s t h o u s a n d s of s m a l l f a r m e r s d e -m a n d a f a i r e r s y s t e m of s u b s i d i e s t h a n t h a t a n n o u n c e d w i n c h wi l l u l t i m a t e l y l e a d t o t h e i r e x t i n c t i o n .

In t h e t w e n t y - i:< c o u n t i e s w o r k e r s a r e c i s . a n d i n n ' l i e d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e h o m e l u a i k c t , w i t h ne .v i n d u - t r i e s o u t e r . n ; ; f o r tii( p e o p l e ' s Wiitit •, a n d a h i g h e r s t a n d a r d i : 1 v i n g S m a l l t a n n e r s 111 t h e M i d l a n d s ;.!•< d e m a n d ' . ! : , ' t h e d i v i s i o n ol r a n c h e s t o n i i ' i d e t h o r n w i t h n e e d e d l a n d . L a r g e r l.i. i. ( i s a r e d e m a n d i n g l a i r a c c e s t o t h e i : . , i s h m a r k - ' ' a n d f a i r e r p r i c e s w i t h i n i t . 11 . n . e s s peo - i . e a r e c a l i i n g l o r t h e m v e s t -h i d !, of I n a s i . U e f u n d s in d e v e l o p i n g

I r i s h I n d u s t r i e - a n d t i c r e t r i e t i u i i of t h e e x p a i n a i i iii ••: c a o s a i . o t h e r s m e r e l y p ro -t e s t a g a i n s t c a , - r . u s h o r t a g e v . s thout l o r m u l a t i n g cl- a r d e m a n d s . O t h e r s seek a n i n d e p e n d e n t I r i s h t r a d e a n d l o r e i g n pol icy . V a r <.•;- s e c : lis 'f t h e l o w e r m i d d l e c l a s s c s a n d p r . n v - ' . o n p e o p l e p r e f e r t h e i r d e m a n d s m t h e . : ' r.vti w a y . a n d in every c a s e t h e o b s t a c l e ' • t i i e . r r e a l i s a t i o n p r o v e s to oe t h e ec n n c a n d i in t h e N o r t h po l i t i c a l C O I I - I M ' . B r i t i s h I m p e r i a l i s m Ail h a v e a n in t e re - " . ;:: l i g h t i n g I m p e r i a l i s m . T h e y t h e r e f ' i c h a v e a n i n t e r e s t in l i g h t i n g it t o g e t h e r . On'.;, t h e d i s u n i t y of t h e I r i s h p e o p l e e n a b l e s I m p e r i a l i s m in I r e l a n d t o s u r v i v e .

Bu t , h o w e v e r :r .mv. we m a y r e a l i s e t h e pos s ib i l i t y o f . a n d '.he n e e d f o r s u c h a n a t i o n a l f r o n t in I r e l a n d , a n d d e s i r e to see it m e x i s t e n c e , r is tint o u r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o o r g a n i s e n t r m o u t s i d e t h e c o t i n r y . T h e C o n n o l l y A S v v . V : >v. h a s i t s o w n s p e c i a l f u n c t i o n . r d r a w n f r o m v a r i o u s section.-, of t h e I n s . : p e o p l e a n d t h e i r de scendan t . - ; a n ! m e n d s in B r i t a i n , a n d c o n c e n ' r a t e - a ' en : >n . .n e n s u r i n g t h a t t h e i n -h M r n a . F r o n t , a " it c o m e -n i o e x i s t e n c e :.i I r e l a n d , h a s i l i e a l l i e s a n d s u p p o r t c r s m B r i t a i n w h i c h a r e n e c e s -s a r y f o r i t s succe . - - .

T h e r e f o r e , our main task is t h e further e x t e n s i o n of t h e educat ive task of w i n n i n g t h e Br i t i sh Labour m o v e m e n t to act side by side w i t h t h e Irish p e o p l e a g a i n s t Im-

per ia l i sm, not only for t h e sake of Ireland, but in th3 interes ts of t h e Brit ish workers t h e m s e l v e s , s ince t h e y suf fer the oppres-s ion ot the ident ica l c l a s s w h i c h is re-s p o n s i b l e for the d o m i n a t i o n of Ire land.

I n t in ' i m m e d i a t e p e r i o d t w o m a i n oo-s i a T t o p r e s e n t t h e m s e l v e - . O n e is t h e d . s -lnc . inatK. ' i i of t h e I r i s h in B r i t a i n to p a r -t . c i p a t e in B r i t i s h po l i t i c s , s i n c e t h e y u n d e r , l a u d a b l y f ee l t h e y h a v e b e e n too o l ' e n b e i r a x e d . G r e a t p a t i e n c e a n d t o l e r -a t i o n is r e q u i r e d in c o m b a t i n g t h i s p o i n t ot v iew, a n d b u i l d i n g u p a u n i t y of I r i s h o r g a n i s a t i o n s p l e d g e d t o u n d e r t a k e in B r i t a i n , po l i t i ca l a c t i o n f o r I r e l a n d . All t e n d e n c i e s t o w a r d s p o l i t i c a l s e c t a r i a n i s m , w h i c h m a k e s a p o i n t of h o n o u r of s o m e p a r t i c u l a r T i i b b o l e t l i t h a t s e p a r a t e s it f r o m o t h e r s , a r e t o b e d e p l o r e d a n d re-s i s t e d . T h e t a s k of b r i n g i n g t h e In . - i i i n t o a c t i o n will be f a c i l i t a t e d a l s o t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t t h e s e c o n d o b s t a c l e is a l so o v e r c o m e .

T h i s o b s t a c l e is t h e belief w i d e s p r e a d a m o i . j t h e B r i t i s h w o r k e r s t h a t W e s t -n n : . ' cr l i as n o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r p a r t i t i o n o r : : s c o n - e u u e i i c e s . T h i s belief is f o s t e r e d b ' t h e T o r y P a r t y t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e m i n o r i t y of L a b o u r l e a d e r s w h o a r e de f i -c i e n t in d i s t i n c t i v e c l a s s o r i e n t a t i o n . I t is i m p o r t a n t fo r t h e I r i s h m o v e m e n t in B r i t a i n to t a k e a c t i o n o n a l l q u e s t i o n s w h i c h b r i n g t h e i s s u e of r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to t h e f o r e , so a s t o e n a b l e t h e B r i t i s h w o r k -

And Why Not? " p H E Connol ly A s s o c i a t i o n cQn-* terence is an i m p o r t a n t e v e n t

for t h e Irish in B r i t a i n .

It is not a s e c r e t g a t h e r i n g w h e r e m y s t e r i o u s f o r c e s coma into p lay .

On the c o n t r a r y , t h e ma in sub-j e c t s to be d i s c u s s e d are pr inted in th i s very i s s u e of the ' Irish Democrat ."

YOU can d i s c u s s t h e m too. More t h a n that , y o u c a n apply tor a v is i tor's t i c k e t to a t t e n d a n d S2e for yourself h o w C.A. dec i s ions are t a k e n — m e r e l y ind ica te w h o y o u are and t h e n a t u r e of your in teres t . S c o t l a n d Yard not ad-m i t t e d .

JOSEPH DEIGHAN IN TRAFALGAR SQ.

m g c l a s s t o see t h e r e a l i t i e s of" t h e s i t u a -t i o n . S u c h i s sues i n c l u d e t h e d e m a n d r a n i n q u i r y i n t o t h e a l l e g e d pol ice t o r t . i e ot M a l l i m a n d T a l b o t , a n d l o r t h e r e l e a - e ol t h e R e p u b l i c a n p r i s o n e r s m B e l l a s : j a i l .

I n s e e k i n g t h u s t o e s t a b l i s h a b o n d be-t w e e n B r i t i s h a n d I r i s h w o r k e r s l o r t h e r e u n i f i c a t i o n a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e ol I r e l a n . i . t h e I r i s h s h o u l d be u r g e d to r e m e m b e r t h a t t h e B r i t i s h w o r k i n g c l a s s a l so h a s i t s c h e r i s h e d a s p i r a t i o n s f o r a l i t e f r e e i r o m w a n t , w a r a n d o p p r e s s i o n . T h e s e a s p i r a -t i o n s d o n o t d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e of t h e I r i s h . T h e y a r e b o u n d u p w i t h t h e l o n g - c o n t i n u -i n g s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e T o r i e s w h o s t a n d f o r t h e s u p r e m a c y of t h e e m p l o y e r s of l a b o u r . I n t h i s e l e c t i o n yea r , m a k i n g eve ry e f f o r t to w i n t h e s u p p o r t of t h e B r i t i s h L a b o u r m o v e m e n t f o r I r e l a n d ' s n a t i o n a l d e m a n d s , t h e I r i s h i n B r i t a i n s h o u l d u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y r e g i s t e r t h e i r o p p o -s i t i o n t o t h e T o r y P a r t y , b o t h a t t h e p a l U a n d i n t h e w o r k s h o p s . T h e y s h o u l d p l a y a f u l l p a r t in t h e T r a d e U n i o n m o v e m e n t , d e f e n d i n g w a g e s , c o n d i t i o n s a n d e m p l o y -m e n t , a n d s t r e n g t h e n t h e L a b o u r m o v e -m e n t i n eve ry w a y . W h i l e i t i s t r u e t h a t s u p p o r t f o r a U n i t e d I r i s h D e m o c r a t i c R e -p u b l i c is n o t y e t t h e m a j o r i t y po l i cy of t h e B r i t i s h w o r k i n g c l a s s , y e t s u p p o r t f o r t h e L a b o u r M o v e m e n t will s t r e n g t h e n t h o s e f o r c e s w i t h i n i t w h o w i s h t o m a k e i t so, w h e r e a s t h e c o n t r a r y policy of s u p -p o r t i n g t h e T o r i e s , o r n e u t r a l i t y , w o u l d on ly p l a y i n t o t h e h a n d s of t h o s e w h o w i s h t o r e t a i n p a r t i t i o n , a n d u s e a n y s i g n of I r i s h i n d i f f e r e n c e t o e x c u s e t h e i r o w n i n -a c t i v i t y .

T h e m a r k e d p r o g r e s s w h i c h h a s b e e n m a d e s i n c e o u r l a s t c o n f e r e n c e s h o u l d g i v e c o n f i d e n c e t h a t t h i s l i n e of d e v e l o p m e n t is c l e a r l y f e a s i b l e . N e v e r b e f o r e w a s o u r c a s e r e c e i v i n g so s y m p a t h e t i c a h e a r i n g . T h e g r e a t i m m e d i a t e n e e d i s t h e n u m e r i c a l , f i n a n c i a l a n d o r g a n i s a t i o n a l s t r e n g t h e n i n g of t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n , t h e e s t a b l i s h -m e n t of m o r e a n d l a r g e r b r a n c h e s i n b o t h L o n d o n a n d t h e p r o v i n c e s , a n d t h e in -c r e a s i n g of t h e c i r c u l a t i o n of t h e " I r i s h D e m o c r a t . " T h e l a r g e r t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o -c i a t i o n . t h e g r e a t e r i t s m a g n e t i s m t o w a r d s t h o s e w h o c a n be w o n t o c o - o p e r a t e . T h e m o r e i n f l u e n t i a l t h e " I r i s h D e m o c r a t , " t h e l a r g e r t h e pool of e d u c a t i o n a n d k n o w l e d g e in t h e L a b o u r m o v e m e n t a n d a m o n g t h e I r i s h m B r i t a i n .

The incoming Executive Council is there-fore requested to pay particular attent ion to the building up of the Association and the circulation of the "Ir ish Democrat" during the for thcoming year.

BELFAST JOBS THREATENED O l e s s t h a n 8 000 w o r k e r s c a m e o u t o n : tl ike i n t h e t h r e e S h r o r t a n d H a r -

la ia l f a c t o r i e s m B e l l a s t a g a i n s t t h e p r o -p o n d t o r u n d o w n t h e s c a l e of o p e r a t i o n s by • t t eces s ive w a v e s of d i s m i s s a l s .

T h e m i l i t a n t s t a n d of t h e s e w o r k e r s de.-ci v e s ever ' , a i p p o r t . As long as B r i t i s h I m p e r i a l i s m h a n g s on t o t h e S ix C o u n t i e s r m u s t b e m a d e to p r o v i d e work in i t .

D i f f i c u l t y f a c e s t h e e n t i r e a i r c r a f t i n -(iiislr.v o w i n g to t h e g o i n g out of d a l e of bomb-nig p l a n e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n s u p e r -: ' (led by r o c k e t s

U n f o r t u n a t e l y t o r m a n y a l o n g y e a r I !:c B e l f a s t w o r k e r s h a v e b e e n t a u g h t by t h e r l e a d e r s to i g n o r e l l i e r e a l i t i e s of I n i -p i n a l i s m . a n d t h e . a r e n o w l a c e d w i t h t h e tac t t h a t t h e s e Be i l a t i n d u s t r i e s a r e c o n -d u c t e d l o r I m p e r i a l p u r p o s e s o r f o r m a k i n g p ro f i t tor p e o p l e o v e r w h o m t h e B e l l a s t p e o p l e h a v e n o c o n t r o l . T h i s is t h e f a l l a c y of a u n i o n i s t - o r i e n t a t e d L a b o u r I" hi y.

Hot, r e p u b l i c a n s a n d sc ien t i t i ca l ly -n. n . i e d soc ia l i . . t s . shou ld back u p t o t h e loll I h e d e m a n d t h a t I m p e r i a l i s m , h a v i n g

u t i l i s ed t h e s e w o r k e r s ' s e r v i c e s , s h o u l d n o t be a l l o w e d t o t h r o w t h e m o n t h e s c r a p h e a p . S u p p o r t fo r t h e m wil l h e l p to s h o w t h a t t h e o n l y so lu t i on is i n d u s t r i e s con -t ro l l ed a n d o w n e d in I r e l a n d by a u n i t e d I j a s h R e p u b l i c .

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SEPTEMBER 12 and 13 a t t h e

CENTRAL WORKINGMEN'S CLUB CLERKENWELL ROAD,

LONDON, E.C.I A l i m i t e d n u m b e r of v i s i t o r s ' t i c k e t s w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e

a t 1 / b e a c h . M e m b e r s o b t a i n t h e m t h r o u g h b r a n c h e s .

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6 THE IRISH D E M O C R A T September 1959

ANNUAL REPORT TO YOU T HE resolution of the 1958 Annual c o n - U p to t h e p r e s e n t t i m e he is sti l l b e i n u e x t e n d e d , a m i a.- soon a s t h e i m m e d i a t e

ca l led i ipi .n to a d d r e s s T r a d e U n i o n hol iday p e r i o d is over t h e r e will r e m a i n b r a n c h e s T r a d e s Counc i l s . a n d o t h e r abou t l o u r m o n t h s in w h i c h to ca r ry o r g a n i s a t i o n s . t h r o u g h t h e work, to t h o s e T r a d e Union

a n d L a b o u r o r g a n i s a t i o n s w h o h a v e not A l t h o u g h t h e two p r i s o n e r s were s e n t e n - been d r a w n 111. a n d also f o r c i t i e s o u t s i d e

red in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h o t h e r c h a r g e s t h e London to c o n t r i b u t e t h e i r s h a r e . T h e

(erencc charged the new Execut ive Council with the duty of organis ing acti-vity upon two fronts , namely the s e c u r i n g of Political act ion for Ireland" by build-ing a united front of Irish o r g a n i s a t i o n s in common action wi th the British Labour movement , and s e c o n d the deve lopment of un i ty betwaen Bri t i sh and Irish workers in common oppos i t ion to Toryism a n d its e f forts to restrict or lower the general s tan-dard of living of t h e whole working c lass .

Assoc i a t i on c o n t i n u e d to p r e s s t h a t a p u b -lic i n q u i r y be he ld i n to t h e a l l eged t o r t u r e . T h i s c a m p a i g n , s t i l l c o n t i n u i n g , h a s l ocussed m o r e a t t e n t i o n on t h e m e t h o d s .

work of t h e m e m b e r s of t h e o r g a n i s i n g c o m m i t t e e , t h e " s e c r e t a r i a l v o l u n t e e r s " who sat n i g h t a f t e r n i g h t d o i n g c le r i ca l work m t h e off ice at 374 G r a y s I n n Road ,

I n r e l a ' i i : drew special d e m a n d s :

to t h e f i r s t t h e c o n f e r e n c e a t t e n t i o n to t he f o l l o w i n g

policy a n d s t a t u s of t h e S i x - c o u n t y G o v e r n - a n d of t h e b r a n c h c o m m i t t e e s a n d m e m -bers, is b e y o n d praise. M a n y m e m b e r s gave u p l i t e r a l l y all t he i r s p a r e t ime , a n d they d e s e r v e t h e t h a n k s a n d s u p p o r t of t h e I r i s h n a t i o n .

(1) The repeal of t h e Ireland Act, 1943. t

(2) The wi thdrawal of British troops from Northeas t Ireland.

(3) Withdrawal of all political support from tha U n i o n i s t G o v e r n m e n t of Northeast Ire land.

(4) Talks with a v iew to the reuni f icat ion of Ireland, based on the recogn i t ion of Ireland's r ight to se l f -de termina-tion.

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(1) Municipal control of lodgings,

(2) Trade Un ions to consider prov id ing amenit ies lor youth.

(3 Publicity in re lat ion Fcsis measures .

to anti tubercu-

(4) Immediate protest against s tance of discr iminat ion.

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m e a t t h a n a n y t h i n g in t h e las t t h i r t y years . A f t e r t h e pe r iod of r e p o r t i n g b a c k wh ich in g e n e r a l c o n c l u d e d a t t h e e n d ot 1958. it w a s d e c i d e d to c o n v o k e a con-f e r e n c e o n "Civi l L i b e r t y in N o r t h e a s t I r e l a n d a n d t h e B r i t i s h G o v e r n m e n t ' s re-s p o n s i b i l i t y . " T h i s took p l ace on F e b r u a r y 22nd. 1959. a n d was a t t e n d e d by d e l e g a t e s f r o m s e v e n L o n d o n a r e a T r a d e s C o u n c i l s , f r o m C o n s t i t u e n c y L a b o u r Pa r t i e s . T r a d e U n i o n B r a n c h e s a n d Di s t r i c t C o m m i t t e e s , a n d t h e M o v e m e n t f o r Colon ia l F r e e d o m . T h e r e s u l t of t h e c o n f e r e n c e was t h e be-g i n n i n g of a c a m p a i g n of a g i t a t i o n in-c r e a s i n g l y t a k e n over by t h e L a b o u r m o v e m e n t . O n M a r c h 5 th took p l a c e a n i m p r e s s i v e lobby at t h e H o u s e of C o m m o n s , w h e n Mr . F e n n e r - B r o c k w ay a n d Mr . Les l i e Lever s p e n t s o m e t i m e w i t h t h e lobby . It was t h e n dec ided to l a u n c h a c a m p a i g n to s e c u r e 250.000 s i g n a t u r e s to a p e t i t i o n d e m a n d i n g t h e enqu i ry .

At t h e lobby, a n d ai s u b s e q u e n t m e e t i n g s Willi M P s . espec ia l ly in e n d e a v o u r i n g to secure s u p p o r t fo r t h e p e t i t i o n , a d i f f i c u l t y w m c h h a d been r a i s e d on p r e v i o u s o c c a -sion.*. a s s u m e d a n a c u t e l o rm . If a n e:iq i:i". wa> to be he ld , it mus t be u n d e r -..me d e f i n i t e powers . T h e K i n g s t o n C o n -. 11: ue.ti'-y L a b o u r P a r t y , at t h e i n s t a n c e of o n E x e c u t i v e m e m b e r Mr . T o m L e o n a r d , held a l e n g t h y c o r r e s p o n d e n c e w i ' h t h e I aboi t r P a r t y S e c r e t a r y , a n d h a d t h e g r e a t -est d i f f i c u l t y in pe r suad ing - l i nn t h a t B r i t a i n p o s s e s s e d a n y p o w e r s in N o r t h e r n I r e l a n d . F i n a l l y t h e m a t t e r was r e f e r r e d I.I t h e P a r l i a m e n t a r v L a b o u r P a r t y . B u t at a l l t i m e s t h e H o m e S e c r e t a r y , M r . But lor d e n i e d t h a t h e p o s s e s s e d a n y pow ers w h a t s o e v e r .

r p H I S is t h e report w h i c h the S tand ing Commit tee of t h e Con

nolly Assoc iat ion has prepared ready . for the Annual Conference in Lon-• don on S e p t e m b e r 12th and 13th. • It will bs introduced to t h e dele-: gates by the General Secretary , Mr. : Eamonn MacLaughin . : But it is a l so a report to Y O U to : every reader of the "Irish Demo-: crat." It is your support t h a t has : kept the Assoc ia t ion going.

We tell you frankly, we are proud j of this report. Will you read : through and be proud w i t h us : what Irish g u t s and in i t ia t ive cati : do? /

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?! t h a n 197 o p e n - a i r m e e t i n g s h a v e take p l a c e in Hyde P a r k . L o n d o n . 51 in Pla

W O R K AND W A G E S D u r i n g t h e l a t t e r pa r t of 1958 u n e m p l o y -

m e n t grew r a p i d l y , a n d t h e r e w e r e even s u g g e s t i o n s m a d e by c e r t a i n r e a c t i o n a r i e s t h a t I r i s h i m m i g r a t i o n s h o u l d be re-s t r i c t ed A n t i - r a c i a l t e n d e n c i e s deve loped F ^ k i s M a n c h e s t e r " ' a b o u t 25 at" t h e ' p " , m B r i t i s h c i t i e s , a n d n e w s p a p e r s no t on ly H e a d . L iverpool . 6 in G l a s g o w 5 p u b l i s h e d a n t i - I r i s h a r t i c l e s b u t t r i ed t o B i r m i n g h a m . 4 111 C o v e n t r y . 3 in H u d d v -t h r o w t h e b l a m e lor r a c i a l d i s t u r b a n c e s j i e i d . a n d 2 in N o t t i n g h a m I n Loncf. upon t h e I r i s h . I n v e s t i g a t i o n p r o v e d t h a t l u c a l m e e t i n g s h a v e been h e l d in addi t i . • t h e I r i s h w e r e f a r L E S S p r o n e to r ac ia l t o l h o s e i n H y d e P a r k . West L o n d o n ha p r e j u d i c e t h a n t h e E n g l i s h , a n d t h e " I r i s h o r g a n i s e d 7. N o r t h w e s t L o n d o n 6 N o -D e m o c r a t ' p u b l i s h e d t h e l a c k . L o n d o n 2. a n d E a s t L o n d o n 1. F i v e posu

p a r a d e s h a v e b e e n held .

T h e h i g h p r i o r i t y g iven to o u t d o o r speak-i n g h a s r e su l t ed 111 t h e A s s o c i a t i o n train-ing w h a t is u n d o u b t e d l y t h e f i n e s t lor.- '

Ii w a s d e c i d e d t h e r e f o r e t o call a con-f e r ence o n t h e " I r i sh 111 B r i t a i n 111 t h e s t r u g g l e f o r w o r k a n d w a g e s . " T h i s was held in t h e H o l b o r n Hall. L o n d o n , on S u n -day . N o v e m b e r 30th, 19.>8. s p o n s o r e d by of open po l i t i ca l s p e a k e r s in L o n d o n I M e m b e r s of P a r l i a m e n t a n d T r a d e Un ion J u l y 1959 no less t h a n 22 s e p a r a t e speake : officials a n d r e su l t ed in a u s e l u l e x c h a n g e got on our v a r i o u s p l a t f o r m s 111 Lontlo: ot views r e p o r t e d back in t h e L a b o u r move-m e n t . S i m i l a r c o n f e r e n c e s w e r e a r r a n g e d ill M a n c h e s t e r a n d B i r m i n g h a m , i h o u g h w i t h U'<s s u c c e s s . T h e A s s o c i a t i o n p o l l e d t h e b u s m e n m t h e i r s t r ike , c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e so l ida r i ty f u n d .

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t h e great m a j o r i t y young, in t h e i r ea: t w e n t i e s . '1 lie po l icy of e d u c a t i o n a l b ran , m e e t i n g s h a d p r o v i d e d t h e m w i t h li n e c e s s a r y k n o w l e d g e . L o n d o n s p e a k c h a v e cone to M a n c h e s t e r . Hi idders l ic l I ecds , B.in:; . i1 . ' ,ham. Coveni r \ . G l a s s a n d N o U i n g h a m . on live o c c a s i o n s givi: u p a week oi t h e i r ho l idays t o condi i i" local e n l u p a i g n . T h e s p l e n d i d y o u n g pe-w h o have r e c e n t l y jo ined a r e t h e pr:;;< t h e A soi .at 11.11. a n d a great a u g u r y :

(1) The complete e l iminat ion of all errors of a pol i t ical ly sectarian kind (i.e. those which c h o s e to impose s o m e pre-conceived recipe for social advance upon ttie Irish national m o v e m e n t ) .

t h e I it nre a., l e d g e a n d expei h a v e spoken in Liverpool , a n d sp: ken 111 f.eed. h e l d .

h e y grow r i c h e r in k: • . ence . M a n c h e s t e r speak I .ondon . Huck le r s t i e ld a

o n e H a l i f a x s p e a k e r I . M a n c h e s t e r a m i H u d d r

I11 al l i t s s t a t e m e n t s a n d p u b l i c a t i o n s a a c a m p a i g n a r o u n d m e t,.,»..,,,,; w „ O T n r ii>.. » « n » i ' n-«- >-nfn.-.-<wi t h e E x e c u t i v e Counci l a n d i t s S t a n d i n g

S u b - C o m m i t t e e ins is ted 011 t h e need lor u n i t e d a c t i o n by t h e v a r i o u s o r g a n i s a t i o n s

Bui lor d e n i e d t h a t h e p o s s e s s e d a n y of t h e I r i < h i n Br i t a in . I t w a s po in t ed out as i „ „ i p , s ,v iH , t . , iovi . r t h a t t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e m were

g rea t ly r e d u c e d by t he c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h a t It w a s at. t h i s p o i n t , t h e r e f o r e , w h e n I r i s h p e o p l e l iving 111 E n g l a n d could only

t h e w i d e s p r e a d n a t u r e of t h i s bel ief w a s u n d e r t a k e work t h a t fell w i t h i n t h e f r a m e -obvious ly h i n d e r i n g mos t severe ly t h e work of B r i t i s h politics. F o r a t i m e it p r e s s i n g of t h e p e t i t i o n c a m p a i g n 111 t i ie a p p e a r e d t h a t some f o r m of p r e l i m i n a r y L a b o u r m o v e m e n t , t h a t t h e A s s o c i a t i o n un i ty m i g h t be possible. N e w s p a p e r re- p, took t h e o p i n i o n ol a m o s t e m i n e n t C o u n - p o r t s i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e A n t i p a r t i t i o n t i v e t.;ecteel a n u m b e r " of s u b - c o m m i t ' ' sel. T h e o p i n i o n t h e n rece ived w a s so L e a g u e w a s invi t ing o t h e r I r i s h o r g a n i s a - m c l u d i i i " t h e " I r i s h D e m o c r a t " Edi t01 d e f i n i t e a n d u n q u a l i f i e d t h a t it e n a b l e d us- l ions t o t a k e p a r t in i t s E a s t e r C o m - , \ { jv is i> r7 t h e O r g a n i s a t i o n a l ' C o m m i t ! to p e r s u a d e t h e E C . of t h e N a t i o n a l C o u n - m e m o r a t i o n p a r a d e . I n d e e d , i t s s e c r e t a r y

I : 1- in •.•elation to t h e s e d u l i e i m p o s e d cil f o r Civ i l L i b e r t i e s to w i t h d r a w t h e i r spoke to t h e v ice -p res iden t 011 t h e s u b j e c t up< i) it by t he c o n f e r e n c e t h a t t h e Execu- p r o p o s e d a m e n d m e n t to t h e C o n n o l l y in H y d e P a r k , but the A s s o c i a t i o n fei t t h a t t .v( Count- . no,', p r e s e n t s i ts r e p o r t a n d A s s o c i a t i o n r e s o l u t i o n d e m a n d i n g t h a t t h e un less i t s b a n n e r was to be c a r r i e d a t a n y

i m O R G A N I S A T I O N

t h e c o n f e r e n c e t h e n e w Ext

(2) A more careful observance of the disci pline of the organisat ion.

a.sKs for t he e n d o r s e m e n t s h i p a n d t he s u p p o r t o B r i t a i n .

THE " I R I S H D E M O C R A T "

a n d c o m m i t t e e s t o deal w i t h F i n a n c e E d u c a t i o n a n d R e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e Labotii m o v e m e n t . S u f f i c i e n t e x p e r i e n c e h a s beer, g a i n e d to j u s t i l y t h i s mode of o rgan isa -t i o n . But t h e i nab i l i t y of t h e Associa t ion u n t i l it g rows l a r g e r to k e e p a l l a s p o r -of it.s work 111 fu l l swing all t h e t i m e ha-n i e a n t t h a t in p r a c t i c e t he f u n c t i o n i n g <>: a l l t h e c o m m i t t e e s l ias been i n c l i n e d to be i n t e r m i t t e n t . T h e c o m m i t t e e s y s t e m lias n e v e r t h e l e s s m a d e possible s o m e .specialisa-t i o n a n d t h e c o n d u c t of c e n t r a l c a m p a i g n s .

a b o v e all t h e r e w a s p r e s e n t e d t h e c o n c e p -t i o n sf U N I T Y a g a i n s t I m p e r i a l i s m .

Without the "Irish Democrat" w h a t we h a v e achieved would have been imposs ible . Special apprec ia t ion must t h e r e f o r e be g iven to an those members who sacr i f iced the ir Saturday a n d Sunday le isure bring-i n g the paper to the purchasers . The work th«s« m e m b e r s have done is price-less . Not on ly h a v e the policy a n d de-m a n d s of the Associat ion been brought

but in relat ion to t h e developing c h a i n ot ac tua l events .

T h e r e h a v e b e e n e n c o u r a g i n g develop-m e n t s 111 t h e m a t t e r of b r a n c h e s . There a r e now f o u r f u n c t i o n i n g b r a n c h e s m L o n d o n , a n d t h e Assoc i a t i on is e s t ab l i shed 111 M a n c h e s t e r . Glasgow, N o t t i n g h a m C o v e n t r y . L i v e r p o o l a n d B i r m i n g h a m , will', a n e t w o r k of i nd iv idua l m e m b e r s n

T h e m e m b e r s h i p lias

t h e m e m b e r - Brit ish Government c o m p e l a n i n q u i r y jo in t d e m o n s t r a t i o n it w o u l d n o t be jus t 1-t h e I r i s h 111 in to N o r t h e a s t e r n I r e l a n d . C o u n s e l ' s tied in c a l l i n g off i ts o w n a r r a n g e m e n t s

o p i n i o n w a s t h a t wh i l e t h e H o m e S e c r e - It is u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e I r i s h N a t i o n a l t a ry a s a p e r s o n c a n n o t o r d e r a n i n q u i r y U n i o n t o o k a s imi l a r view. I n t h e even t (as l ie c o u l d ins ide B r i t a i n 1. P a r l i a m e n t h e a v y r a i n r e s u l t e d in t h e A.P.L. m e e t i n g

. CAN al l t h a t is n e e d e d is a r e s o l u t i o n of p r o v i n g a d i s a p p o i n t m e n t f u r t h e r m a r r e d Ad : h e a jo', e p o i n t s ot policy h a v e been t h e H o u s e B u t 1(U. t h i s ( 0 b e c o m e e f f ec t - by a c e r t a i n a m o u n t of h e c k l i n g . C e r t a i n

c o n t i n u o u s . \ v e n t i l a t e d in t h e v a i i o u s j v e t h e r e m u s t b ( , a m a j o r i t y p r e p a r e d t o u n s c r u p u l o u s s t a t e s m e n in I r e l a n d fa l se lv i s s u e - ol t h e I r i s h D e m o c r a t T h e v o t e f o r i t a sc r ibed t h e heckl ing t o t h e Conno l ly a r t i c l e s on " W h o o w n s I r e l a n d > p r e s e n t e d Assoc ia t ion , b u t th is was a b a r e f a c e d lie. ' t a c t s t o p rove t h a t B r i t i sh I m p e r i a l i s m T h e t i m e - s c a l e of t h e c a m p a i g n w a s w a s t h e cause of I r e l a n d ' s e c o n o m i c ditli- t h u s , w h e t h e r we l iked it or n o t , 111- S h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d s s p e a k e r s of t he I r i s h cu l l i e s . A s p e c i a l 12-page n u m b e r was d e f i n i t e l y l e n g t h e n e d , a n d l inked w i t h t h e Na t iona l ' U n i o n 111 Hyde P a r k bewail to i s sued to e x p o s e t h e s i t u a t i o n 111 t h e six q u e s t i o n of ia» t h e r e m o v a l of t h e T o r y a d v o c a t e a u n i t e d f r o n t of a l l I r i s h "organ-coun t i e s . Ar t i c l e s were p u b l i s h e d s u p p o r t - m a j o r i t y (b i w i l l i ngnes s of L a b o u r t o go i sa t ions . T h e Associa t ion w e l c o m e d t h i s i n g t h e d e m a n d s of busmen , r a i l w a y , a n d f01- a n e n q u i r v . An i m p o r t a n t s t e p f o r w a r d d e v e l o p m e n t wh ich r e a c h e d its mos t o t h e r .sections of t h e work ing c la s s , a n d i n , h o m o u l d i n g of L a b o u r o p i n i o n took p r o m i s i n g p o i n t when t h e G e n e r a l Sec r e - s m a l l e r " " t o w n s T h e m e m b e r s h i u n h n v p a l l t h e r e w a s nresenter l t h e c o n e e n - p l a r e a t l h e A n n u a l C o n f e r e n c e of t h e t a ry r e c e i v e d a le t ter f r o m a g e n t l e m a n n i a t e . i a l l v i n c r e a s e d sine! l a " t ' e a r

N a t i o n a l U n i o n of R a i l w a y m e n w h e n our who s t a t e d h e was wr i t i ng o n beha l f of t h e E C. m e m b e r T o m L e o n a r d won a v o t e de- i .n .U . a s k i n g il t h e C.A. w a s p r e p a r e d l o r D u r i n g t h e p e r i o d u n d e r r e v i e w a c i r e m a n d i n g t h e inqu i ry , t h e r e p e a l of t h e c o - o p e r a t i o n . T h e G e n e r a l S e c r e t a r y re- d i f f e r e n c e s a r o s e in t h e N o r t h London S p e c i a l P o w e r s Act . a n d t h e r e l e a s e of t h e plied a t o n c e sugges t i ng a m e e t i n g be tween B r a n c h , w h i c h t o r a brief p e r i o d were m p r i s o n e r s , in a h a r d - f o u g h t d e b a t e in two r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of e a c h o r g a n i s a t i o n d a n g e r of s p r e a d i n g in t h e Associat ion, w h i c h t h e G e n e r a l S e c r e t a r y c a m e ou t to d i s c u s s w a y s a n d m e a n s of s e c u r i n g t h e T h e E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l e n d o r s e d t h e atti-a g a i n s t h i m in p e r s o n . r igh t s p o n s o r s h i p of a c o n f e r e n c e w h i c h t u d e of i t s s t a n d i n g s u b - c o m m i t t e e which

T h e F T f r a n k l v a d m i t s t h a t in c a r r v i n ? b r i n g A L L I r i s h o r g a n i s a t i o n s to- w a s t h a t t h e d i f f e r e n c e s a r o s e f r o m a fail-t h e E.G. l r a n k t y a a m i t s t h a t 111 e a r n i n g g e t h e r W e w e r e v o r b a l l v i n f o r m e d t h a t t ire of s o m e m e m b e r s to u n d e r s t a n d the

nr i . H ^ l n H n r r e »n t h i s w a s b e i n g considered' , b u t would t a k e f u n c t i o n of t h e Assoc ia t ion , o r t o app.e-

before t h o u s a n d s ol people, but t h a t policy S t f i K C K I n M ^ o ^ K ^ h " ! 6 ^ r " ' T " ? " ,7' ^ X T a l h a s been p r e s e n t e d i n ' t h * way a news- pec t ed . F i r s t w a s t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d ^ u - I I n f Q

g 1

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H y d e { ^ l u t i o n a d v o c a t i n g t h e b u i l d i n g 01 .1 paper alone c a n present it, not abstract ly , widespread belief t h a t t h e B r i t i s h G o v e r n - / \ I * as s e n t t o a g e n t l e m a n b r o a d u n i t e d front against Imperialism, ki • n •uitntiAn 4a Ikn t*4 An in <v » » 1 n nl 1 neuevea t o be a m e m b e r , r e g r e t t i n g t h e a n d combat ing politically s e c t a r i a n ten-

t h e c o m n a r a t I V P w e a k n e s s of t h e Assoc ia d i s c o n t i n u a n c e of t h e i r m e e t i n g s , a n d denc ies . S o m e m e m b e r s w e r e u n d e r the r v h o p , n g l o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of co -ope ra t i on i m p r e s s i o n t h a t t h e A s s o c i a t i o n was a

t h e i r pol icy n ° r ° P y W a S r e c e l v e d - S h o r t l y a f t e r - Soc ia l i s t o r g a n i s a t i o n , a k i n d of Irish Move-

FOR POLITICAL ACTION IRELAND

Almost i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e c o n f e r e n c e t ook place t h e first t r ia l of M a l l o n a n d T a l b o t , to w h i c h t h e Assoc ia t ion s e n t Mr . E x e c u t i v e Counc i l t h a t J o h n H o s t e t t l e r a s a n observer . T h i s a n d a fo l lowing t r i a l were p o s t p o n e d , but d e s p i t e t h e e x p e n s e , t h e

l ion o u t s i d e L o n d o n , s p r i n g a f t e r a pe r iod w h e n s e e m e d u n c e r t a i n , t h e R e p u b l i c a n H y d e P a r k it w a s c l e a r t h a t fo r m e n t in I r e l a n d d e c i d e d o m a k e t h e ques - t h e t i , , t ion ot a m n e s t y t h e c e n t r a l i ssue of t h e i r - - ' -po l i t i ca l c a m p a i g n . It

w h e n t h e I.N.U. r e s u m e d i ts m e e t - social is t p a r t y 111 E n g l a n d . I t i s not..

was telt by t h e it would be mis-

t a k e n t o al low Hie I r i s h to d iv ide o n w h i c h was t h e m o r e u r g e n t , a n d in view of t h e

As-soeiat ion c i r c u m s t a n c e s m e n t i o n e d it was d e c i d e d to

a b a n d o n e d t h e policy of a u n i t e d f r o n t of all I r i s h o r g a n i s a t i o n s . T h e m a t t e r w a s t h e r e f o r e l e f t 111 abeyance .

cove red all t h r e e , a n d 111 t h e p e r i o d be-tween t h e s e c o n d a n d t h i r d t r i a l s con-due t t d a c a m p a i g n for l i ie p r i s o n e r s ' re-lease . T h i s c a m p a i g n c u l m i n a t e d 111 a procesi ion c a r r y i n g ;>0 pos t e r s f r o m Hyde P a r k to Clei k e n w e l l G r e e n on J u l y 13th. 19)8. A t t e m p t s were m a d e bv h o o d l u m ele-m e n t s to b r e a k u p t h a i m a r c h , b u t it was .successful ly c a r r i e d t h r o u g h 111 . .p i le ol t he oppo : t ion I h e a c q u i t t a l of t h e t w o m e n w a s widen, a t t r i b u t e d to t h e c a m p a i g n of t h e Assoc ia t ion .

Fo l lowing t h e t r i a l . Mr. H o s t e t t l e r ad-d re s sed m e e t i n g : ca l led by t h e Assoc ia t ion In London . M a n c h e s t e r , B i r m i n g h a m . G l a s g o w a n d N o t t i n g h a m His e x p e r i e n c e s w e r e e m b o d i e d 111 a sh i l l i ng p a m p h l e t w h i c h w a ; p u b l i s h e d by t h e A s s o c i a t i o n .

l ink t h e two issues t o g e t h e r .

A c c o r d i n g l y p r e p a r a t i o n s v.ere m a d e jor a d e m o n s t r a t i o n 111 T r a f a l g a r S q u a r e pre-ceded by a m a r c h f r o m Hyde P a r k . T h i s was t h e f i r s t t i m e t h e Assoc i a t i on ever he ld a T r a f a l g a r S q u a r e m e e t i n g s i n c e its f o u n d a t i o n 21 y e a r s a g o II wa a n ind ica -t ion t h a t it h a d r e a c h e d Us g r e a t e s t s t r e n g t h a n d i n f l u e n c e t h a t t h e d e m o n s t r a -t ion w a s a n u n q u a l i f i e d success Note-w o i t h y w a s t h e official s u p p o r t ol t h e E C . ol t h e N U V B , a n d ol five D i s t r i c t s of t h e A E tJ.. t h e L o n d o n D i s t r i c t of t h e A t ' B T W . . a n d of o t h e r p r o m i n e n t indi-v idua l s . T h e p e t i t i o n c a m p a i g n h a . Ijeen

At the s a m e time, the greates t care h a s been exerc i sed by the "Irish Democrat' and all speakers for the Assoc iat ion , to say noth ing that could possibly embitter re-lations wi th any other organisat ion , be-cause it is felt that u l t imate ly uni ted action is not only neces sary but in-evitable.

P R O P A G A N D A Apar t f r o m t h e all i m p o r t a n t "Ii ish

D e m o c r a t . " t h e Associa t ion h a s d u r i n g I h e pei lod u n d e r review d i s t r i b u t e d app rox i -ma te ly -111 leaf le ts m a n a v e r a g e ol :j.0(X) copies e a c h As well a s C e n t r a l l ea f l e t s t h e r e h a v e been leaflets 1 s u e d by the W e s t L o n d o n a n d M a n c h e s t e r b r a n c h e s . No le.ss

T h i s n-.MMt a n d t h e I t r s o l u t i o n o n I ' . I R P f ive w i r e e n d o r s e d wi l l i m i n o r ( - l u n g e s by the ful l l-.xerutive < On mi l at .Niittingliam on August Mi.

F I N A N C E T h e g r e a t e s t h i n d r a n c e to t h e effective-

n e s s ol t h e Assoc i a t i on h a s been the t e r r ib ly l i m i t e d n a t u r e ol i t s f i n a n c e s . Tin' i m p o r t a n c e of po l i t i ca l a c t i o n in Br i taa h a s been i n s u f f i c i e n t l y r e a l i s e d , a n d it ' s

p e r h a p s poss ib le t o say t h a t if 11 were 11111''-' a p p r e c i a t e d , t h e I r i sh m o v e m e n t a * w h o l e would c a n a l i s e m o r e of it.' resoiin 111 th i s d i r e c t i o n .

OFFICE A N D F A C I L I T I E S D u r i n g t h e p e r i o d s ince t h e las t c o n l e •

e n c e t he A s s o c i a t i o n ha a c q u i r e d two 1. lir .sl-class p l a l l o r m s lor c e n t r a l in e T l" 11

a r e used m H w l e Park , a n d lor I1 •' L o n d o n meet u i g s T h e r e l s al u a con: : < ' a b l e stock of w o o d e n si a m i s e ' c . lor ah 100 posters . T h e a c q u i r e m e n t ol ulfie <•: c h a i r h a s m a d e possible t h e liolchn". m e e t i n g s of c o m m i t t e e s t h e K C and ' ' Nort Iiv.e 1 L o n d o n b r a n c h m I he h" office, on t h e s h e l v e s ol w h i c h t h e r e 1

( C o n t i n u e d on Page Eight )

September 1 9 5 9 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 7

BOOKS, EDITED BY SEAN REDMOND

SINCE JOYCE! THE T R U S T I N G & T H E M A I M E D , M

by J A M E S Plunke i t (SHutchinson, 15/- net) .

' I ' i l E p u b l i s h e r s m i n i m us on t h e j a c k e t of th i s book t h a t J a m e s

H u n k e t t w a s b o r n in D u b l i n in 1920. • M-stdes w o r k i n g as a . journal is t and

iitm.g l o r radio , he h a s s o m e t i m e s Hayed t h e viola p ro f e s s iona l l y , and a r e c e n t l y had c o n s i d e r a b l e success

with a p l a y p e r f o r m e d a t t h e A b b e y Thea t re , D u b l i n . Mr . P l u n k e t t is proud of h a v i n g w o r k e d w i t h t h e lamous I r i sh t r a d e u n i o n l eader , J a m e s L a r k i n , f r o m 1945 un t i l L a r -k i n ' s d e a t h i n 1947. H e is n o w e n -i.aficd cn a nove l a b o u t L a r k i n and the fireat G e n e r a l S t r i k e in D u b l i n lust b e f o r e t h e F i r s t W o r l d W a r .

T h e s t o r i e s in " T h e T r u s t i n g a n d t h e M a i m e d " a r e m u c h o u t of t h e o r d i n a r y -all twe lve of t h e m . J a m e s P l u n k e t t h a s s.ut i m i t a t e d or fo l lowed a n y b o d y in h i s

• .echnique of t h e s h o r t s t o r y . " t h e p e d a n -iic m u m b o - j u m b o r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e c o m -m o n p l a c e c u t - a n d - t a i l o r e d t y p e of s h o r t s iory w h i c h too o f t e n is a b o u t l i t t l e o r laitliing: t h a t m a t t e r s a hoo t t o a n y b o d y , . ,nd f o u n d e v e r y w h e r e in p o p u l a r m a g a -

uies a n d p e r i o d i c a l s w h i c h p r o v i d e f o r r e a d i n g w h i l e you k n i t . " T h e s e m a n u -

f a c t u r e d p r o d u c t s a r e m o r e o f t e n t h a n n o t lor r e a d i n g n i t -wi t s .

T h e r e is n o t h i n g of t h e m a n u f a c t u r e d • o r d e r a b o u t P l u n k e t t ' s s t o r i e s , a n d it is .iiore t h a n r e f r e s h i n g to r e a d s t o r i e s w h i c h s r e n o t m e r e l y ou t of t h e o r d i n a r y b u t

ave a d i s t i n c t o r i g i n a l i t y of t h e i r own . One k i n d of t h e o r i g i n a l i t y w h i c h t h e y ,-how is t h a t o f t e n t h e r e is 110 " e n d i n g " in : he a c c e p t e d s e n s e of s h o r t s t o r y e n d i n g with i t s u n d e r l i n e d finality. I d o n ' t t h i n k ihat i t i s j u s t a m a t t e r of c a l c u l a t e d c o u r a g e 011 t h e p a r t of t h e a u t h o r , or a s t r a i n m g a f t e r o r i g i n a l i t y . I t is r a t h e r a m a t t e r of h i s a r t i s t i c h o n e s t y , a n d t h e fac t t h a t h e is a n a t u r a l a n d good w r i t e r .

He is n o t obsessed by a n y of t h e a r t i f i -c ia l i t i e s of a r t f o r m as d i s t i n c t f r o m t h e t a l e : w h i c h l.s n o t to s ay t h a t h e is n o t an a r t i s t .

T h e s t o r y " T h e T r u s t i n g a n d t h e M a i m e d . " w h i c h gives t h e book i ts t i t le , . -pens w i t h t h e s i m p l e s t r u g g l e fo r s u r -vival of a w o u n d e d p i g e o n h o v e r i n g over t u r f - c u t t i n g s a n d w a n t i n g t o get a w a y :10m t h e c o u n t r y s i d e to t h e c i ty . W e l e a v e .; r e s t i n g a n d y e a r n i n g f o r t h e c i ty , o u r c o m p a s s i o n w i t h t h e m a i m e d b i rd . T h e n we a r e i m m e d i a t e l y s w i t c h e d to t h e c i ty ,

' a s e e d y b o a r d i n g - h o u s e w h e r e t h e . a u g h t e r , d o i n g h e r m o r n i n g s w e e p i n g .

la-ut.s down in h e r m o t h e r t h a t a. b o a r d e r n a m e d Casey i sn ' t s t i r r u m a n d n s eleven o'clock. T h e l a t e n e s s > s e r i o u s for it m e a n s t h a t C a s e y r i sks being s a c k e d 110111 ins office.

T h e girl e n t e r s h i s room a n d f i n d s t h a t t h e bed lia.s no t b e e n used, a n d s h e picks u p a scen ted e n v e l o p e , r e a d s t h e l e t t e r s h e f inds in i t : t h i s d isc loses a t r a g e d y . I t is abou t a girl w h o loves Casey , h a s f a l l en fo r h i m a n d i.s expec t ing , a n d w h o m o r e t h a n half f ee l s t h a t t h e m a n d o e s n ' t love h e r a n d s e e m s l ike leaving h e r in t h e l u r ch . He h a s a p p a r e n t l y s u g g e s t e d h i s o w n way of d e a l i n g wi th t h e p r e g n a n c y , b u t it is " a g a i n s t e v e r y t h i n g , a g a i n s t t h e law a n d a g a i n s t t h e C h u r c h . "

Again our c o m p a s s i o n is a r o u s e d . W e a r e nex t s w i t c h e d t o t h e g i r l ' s off ice , w h e r e s h e is do ing h e r bes t to t y p e a l e t t e r : h e r t h o u g h t s c a u s e h e r to m a k e m o r e m i s t a k e s t h a n usual . B e t w e e n t y p i n g w o r d s a n d s e n t e n c e s s h e k e e p s p r a y i n g . " D e a r God, don ' t let it h a p p e n , p l e a s e d o n ' t let it h a p p e n , " b e c a u s e s h e h o p e d t h a t if s h e sa id t h a t o f t e n e n o u g h it r e a l l y wou ld n o t h a p p e n . S h e i u s t c a n ' t go o n w o r k i n g a n d m a k e s an e x c u s e t o get o u t of t h e office. We a r e lef t in t h e office w i t h s o m e of i ts s t a f f : clerks, i n c l u d i n g a m a n Ell is , w h o receives a ' p h o n e call f r o m R i t a , t h e girl in ques t ion , a s k i n g a b o u t C a s e y , w h o l ias a p p a r e n t l y d i s a p p e a r e d , w h i c h is c a u s i n g a s t i r . Ellis, t h e clerk, t h i n k s t h i s is a good o p p o r t u n i t y t o m a k e u p t o R i t a . He would like to d o s o m e t h i n g a b o u t h e r p rob lem, but t h e r e were s n a g s :

It was o n e t h i n g t a k i n g y o u r f u n where you c o u l d a n d l o o k i n g fo r a s o f t t h i n g w h e n t h e mood w a s o n you, b u t it was qu i t e a n o t h e r w h e n t i l i n g s w e n t wrong . T h e g i r l h a d h e r f a m i l y , sober , s o d a l i t y - m i n d e d p a r e n t s w h o w e r e likely to kick u p h o l y m u r d e r . C a s e y ' s job m i g h t be a t s t a k e , b e c a u s e t h e Boa rd h a d h i g h s t a n d a r d s of m o r a l i t y . T h e c h a i r m a n , f o r i n s t a n c e , h a d t w o s o n s in t h e J e su i t s . E l l i s fel t t h e w h o l e bus ine s s was d i s a s t r o u s .

He h a s a c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h R i t a w h i c h b r i n g s out t h e g i r l ' s agony a b o u t h e r s t a t e a n d posi t ion, a t e r r i b l e one in H o l y I r e l a n d . Casey, c u t e c u s t o m e r , h a d r e a l i s e d t h a t p o s i t i o n — a n d I n s o w n - a n d h a d c l ea red off. We a r e l e f t wi th t h e g i r l ' s a n g u i s h in our m i n d s a n d s w i t c h e d b a c k to t h e m a i m e d p i g e o n which , in h i s w a n d e r i n g t h r o u g h t h e h e a t h e r , Casey p i c k s up.

Now we a r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h o n e ol t hose i ronica l c o n t r a s t s in h u m a n n a t u r e . Casey, ca l lous a n d a b o u n d e r a b o u t R i t a a n d he r c a t a s t r o p h e is m o s t g e n t l e a n d s y m p a -t h e t i c about t h e m a i m e d b i rd It l ias never once o c c u r r e d to h im t h a t R i t a is a lso

111.allied sl.e. h i e t r u s t i n g one v.ho had o i p c v t e d qui te d i f f e r e n t b e h a v i o u r i r o n ; h i m . T h e p igeon ' s leg was b r o k e n , a n d C a s e y h a d broken h i s leg a n d w a s in p a i n . He g r a d u a l l y d r o p s off to s leep w i t h t h e p igeon close to h i s b r e a s t a n d . h a l f -d r e a m i n g . goes over t h e e v e n t s w h i c h led uj) t o R i t a ' s m i s f o r t u n e a n d hi.s own p r e s e n t very a w k w a r d fix.

T h i s is a long p a r t of t h e s to ry , b e a u t i -fu l ly wr i t t en , a n d it f i l ls ou t C a s e y ' s w h o l e b a c k g r o u n d p i c t u r e s h i s m i n d a n d c h a r a c -te r . His n igh t in t h a t s i l en t p lacc , a w a y f r o m civi l isat ion, n o w in g r e a t p a i n be-c a u s e of his b roken leg. he lp less a n d w i t h f e a r g r a d u a l l y g e t t i n g i ts g r ip 011 h i m , n o t h a v i n g h a d a n y t h i n g to ea t or d r i n k f o r m a n y hours , r e d u c e s h i m phys ica l ly , m e n -ta l ly a n d mora l l y : " N o t f o r t h e first t i m e h a d it occur red to h i m t h a t lie m i g h t d ie ." A11 i d e a comes to h i m : h e w r i t e s a mes -s a g e 011 a page f r o m h i s d i a ry a n d fixes it i n s i d e t he r ing o n t h e p igeon ' s leg a n d l a u n c h e s t he b i rd , w h i c h flies off e a s t -w a r d s . leaving C a s e y in a f a i n t a f t e r t h e e f f o r t .

B a c k in t he c i ty h i s co l league a t t h e office, Ellis, is s e a r c h i n g all Ca-sey's h a u n t s f o r h i m but w i t h o u t success . M e a n w h i l e Casey , in his f eve r , t h i n k s t h a t t h e mes -s a g e on t h e p igeon w a s e f fec t ive a n d t h a t h e h imse l f ge ts i n t o t o w n s o m e h o w a n d l a c e s h i s boss, w h o t r e a t s h i m coldly . B u t t h i s is j u s t de l i r i um. . • . T h e p i g e o n docs, in f a c t , r e ach i ts h o m e a n d t h e r e is a n a r g u m e n t be tween t h e l i t t le boy w h o o w n s it . a n d w a n t s to t r e a t i t s leg, a n d h i s f a t h e r , who coldly w i s h e s to p u t i t o u t of i t s m i s e r y . T h e boy ob jec t s , a n d .so t h e f a t h e r b inds u p t h e leg. T h e m e s s a g e f r o m C a s e y was in f a c t lost . And now t h e b i rd is s a f e , "a t ease, a n d c o n f i d e n t once m o r e of love." As lor Casey , R i t a a n d Ellis, t h e y a r e l e f t to t h e i m a g i n a t i o n of t h e r e a d e r , wi th n o n e of t h e i r p r o b l e m s solved. C a s e y p robab ly d e a d . R i t a ? A n d Ell is? O n e c o m e s to t h e e n d of t h e s t o r y s p e c u -l a t i n g h o w F a t e h a s t r e a t e d t h e h u m a n s . O n l y t h e m a n n e d p i g e o n is a l ive a n d still t r u s t i n g .

* * *

ITHIS s u m m a r y c a n do l i t t le j u s t i c e to t h e s tory, w h i c h is a good s t o r y w i t h

l iv ing c h a r a c t e r s , b u t a l so s o m e t h i n g m o r e t h a n s tory . I t is a l so a n e p i p h a n y : a m a n f e s t a t i o n of t h e d i v i n e or s u p e r h u m a n , t h e i n t a n g i b l e power or powers w h i c h mot i -v a t e h u m a n ac t i on . I t h i n k t h a t t h i s is how it will be r e a d . T h e c h a r a c t e r s a r e real bu t a lso symbol i ca l , a n d t h e i r a c t s r e p r e s e n t a d e n o m i n a t o r of ideas . Few w r i t e r s ever even a t t e m p t s t o r y - t e l l i n g w i i h t h i s e x t r a d i m e n s i o n . J a m e s J o y c e did it superb ly 111 s o m e ol t h e s t o r i e s in D U B L I N E R S : m T h e D e a d " ; a n d 111 " T h e S i s t e r s . " H e n i y J a m e s did s o m e t h i n g like

:t .:. ' H i e 'I 11:11 o: ;lie s- ; 1 . t .onrs I T m k e t t d o e s it e \ ! r e : ; n s \ w i l : .11 all : h e - e s t o n e s , e a c h ol which l e . t u i.s wi th ivit only w v . d s t o r \ but ha s m a d e t h i s se.iai iio a n d o f t e n power lu l i m p r e s s i o n on t h e r e a d e r ' s m i n d .

T h e s e a r e my first t h o u g h t s on r e a d i n g t he who le book which, I t h i n k , is t h e first l a n d m a r k of i m p o r t a n c e i n I r i s h s h o r t -As s to r i e s , e v e n wi thou t t h i s e x t r a qua l i ty , s tory w r i t i n g s ince J o y c e ' s D U B L I N E R S . t hey a r e a l l s u c c e s s f u l : w i t h t h e i r un -s e n t i m e n t a l a n d u t t e r r e a l i s m , t h e i r I r i s h -ism a n d D u b l i n i s m w i t h w h a t fol lows f r o m t h e s e : s o m e t i m e s c y n i c i s m , some-t i m e s m o r a l or phys ica l c o w a r d i c e or im-p l a c a b l e c o u r a g e , s o m e t i m e s foo l i shnes s s o m e t i m e s w i s d o m — a n d in t h e b a c k g r o u n d of every s t o r y t h e r e is a l w a y s t h e c o m p a s -sion a n d t o l e r a n c e of a m a t u r e a u t h o r .

" M e r c y " is t o me t h e o n l y s t o r y t h a t is "well r o u n d e d " in t he c o n v e n t i o n a l s e n s e of t h e s h o r t s t o ry ; a n d " T h e W e b " re-m i n d s m e of M a x i m G o r k i . E a c h s t o r y s t a n d s by i ts own p a r t i c u l a r s t r e n g t h . Bu t , a s w i t h a l l wr i t e r s w h o s t r i k e out i n t o r e a l m s of t h e i r own. it is n e i t h e r r e a s o n -able n o r p o s s i b l e to t icket a n d d o c k e t J a m e s P l u n k e t t ' s s to r ies . T h e y s t a n d by t h e m -selves a n d o n e e i t h e r a c c e p t s t h e m or re-j e c t s t h e m . Only fools; wi l l f a i l to a p p r e -c ia te t h e i r power .

It is n o t e a s y for a p u b l i s h e r to dec ide to p u b l i s h a book of s t o r i e s by a n e w w r i t e r : t h e y say t h a t b o o k s of s tor ies d o not eas i ly find a p r o f i t a b l e e n o u g h m a r k e t . D U B L I N E R S was r e j e c t e d by f o r t y p u b -l i she r s b e f o r e it was p u b l i s h e d in 1914. J a m e s P l u n k e t t is m o r e f o r t u n a t e : a n d his p u b l i s h e r s a r e to be c o n g r a t u l a t e d .

C A T H A L O'DUBH.

OH MARY, THIS LONDON OH, M A R Y , THIS L O N D O N , " by

M I C H A E L CAMPBELL. (Hcine-mann, 16 -).

' I Mi I S de l igh t l ully mini in-; book te l ls ol • t h e a d v e n t u r e s of t w o I i i s h m e n in

I o n d o n . T h e y a r e of midd lc -c i a ., b a c k -g r o u n d a n d move in midd le - : ia a n d in-t e l l ec tua l c i rc les e v e n t for a b r u s h w i t h

r a t h e r plus!; s e s l ion of t h e u n d e r w o r l d P e t e r G a v i n c o m e s to L o n d o n s eek ing h i e v i l l i a c a p i t a l L. He ha a y o u t h l u l a p p e t i t e f< 1 e x n e n e n e e a n d his : - a r c h lot-

in c o l o n . m y w i th h . s v . t t v l r i e n d C h a r l e . 111 1 wide langm-.; l o u r ol v a r i o u s ! " i idon circles , t he s m a r t e l . t h e a n g r v • o,tng m e n l a n d w o m e n 1. t h e world of t h e ; . .p i l lar 1 ong J e r cult , g ives I h e a u t h o r a n

pport u n i i y of w h ich he t a k e t he lu l le t a o \ a n t a ; ' e to use a fine t a l e n t for i i u inou r . f-.it u c a n d sociological obse rva l ion.

t h e h e r o o| Mr C a m p b e l l ' s novel , a s •lien w i t h l ieroe of t h e p i c a r e s q u e novel .

; e n cs a - a h u m a n cat a I', st to br . in; peop le '10m lot,ally d, f fe ren l b a c k g r o u n d s to-e e i h e r w i t h explos ive react ion:- e n s u i n g for ' 11 e r e a d e r 1 e n t e i t a i n n i e n t S u c h m e e t i n g s a u g h t s e l d o m h a p p e n in rea l l ife but w h e n the a u t h o r b u n g s t h e m abou t the-, a r e oot cn lv good coined', but a l so o f fe r an

p p o r l u n i t v for i n t e r e s t i n g c r i t i c i sm of i t h e r p i r tv And what else, l u n d a m e n -talk, is coined' . '>

I I ins lot m: t a n e e o u r t v. o 11 i s lmien

Miblet 1 he fiat t h e y h a v e r e n t e d f r o m re-spec tab le Mr . Tew fees to a n " a r t i s t . " Mr . T e w k e s a p p r o v e s fo r he h a s a d i s t a n t re-spect lor p a i n t i n g . But t h e " a r t i s t " t u r n s out to be a r . , ck-and- ro l l s in i r e r a n d T e w k s comes h o m e to his qu ie t s t r e e t to f ind h im l e a n i n g out ol t h e u p p e r w indow a n d p e r f o r m i n g l o r a ho rde of s h r i e k i n g teen-a g e r s on I h e 10 id below. It is very f u n n y . So, loo. is t h e a t t e m p t of G a v i n a n d In loil C h a r l e s , t o g a t e c r a s h t h e circles ol t he smar t set 011 t h e s t r e n g t h of a s l ende r i m i t a t i o n to a M a v t a i r p a r t y . T h e c h a p -ter d e s c r i b i n g v ha t fol lows is ot f i r s t -c lass qual i ty , t h e d i a l o g u e a n d s o c i a l t ones of t he c o n v e r s a t i o n being very well done . O u r I r i shmen , ol cou r se , a r e out of p lace , self-conscious a n d b r a s h . T h e y c a u s e cons t e r -na t i on b-.' b r e a k i n g in to t h e i n a n i t i e s of t h e cocktai l c h i t c h a t w i t h s o m e a t t e m p t s to m a k e h u m a n c o n t a c t , to s t r i k e a g e n u i n e rc sp: 111 ive spa rk s o m e w h e r e , a n d t h e resu l t s a r e k i l a n o u s .

A l though h u m o u r is Die keyno te , t he b o o k s r o u n d e d s a t i s f a c t i o n a r i s e s largely I rom lis s o u n d sense ol v a l u e s . T h e Lon-don s cene is looked at a n d c r i t i c i s e d f r o m t h e s t a n d p o i n t of two i n t e l l i g e n t immi -g r a n t I r i s h m e n T h e va lue s by wh ich tliev j u d g e it m e implici t m t h e c h a p t e r de-scr ib ing G a v i n ' s visit h o m e to aga in ex-per ience t h e m o r e rooted c l a n n i s h life of Ins na t ive p l a c e a l t h o u g h t h e p i c tu re is pei h a p s ton I r i s h c o u n t r y m i d d l e - c l a s s to be wholly s a i r l a e t o r v W i t h t i n - as back g round Kiev a : e never o v e r c o m e even if

i m p r e s s e d at f i r s t by t h e s u p e r f i c i a l bril-l i a n c e of t he L o n d o n scene, a n d 1. con-v i n c i n g l y show t h e fa l s i ty e n d iu -i • • •'ec.l-nes s ol so m u c h of it.

T h e y c a n see t h i n g s 111 a w .<•. ail E n c l i f h -111.111 could never see t h e m a n d m i g h t ap t ly be compare , i w i t h those s t r a n g e r s f r o m P e r s i a or Ch ina or t h e Moon t r a d i t i o n a l l y sent i n to w a v / a i d l a n d s by s a t i r i s t s 111 o r d e r to • \ p e lollv a n d a b s u r d i t y . As s u c h t h e bo. i: ..Iso h a s its r e l e v a n c e per-h a p s m o r e na. u l a r lv to E n g l i s h m e n .

'I he sr. le is I r e s h a n d a l ive a n d t h e in-c i d e n t s a r e w r i t t e n a b o u t wi th a n e x u b e r -a n c e tha t m a y filly be ca l l ed y o u t h f u l . I n d e e d 11 r fail 1 v obviously a y o u n g m ill's book t in s is Mr. C a m p b e l l ' s s e c o n d novel

jus t a a v o u n g m a n is i ts h e r o Per-h a p s t h e a u t h o r h a s t a k e n too wide a r a n g e of social s e t s lor c o m p l e t e l y ade-q u a t e purv iew 111 o n e r a t h e r shor t novel t h i s too might be a y o u t h l u l t r y i n g ot h is r a n g e . He hie s u c h an obvious t a l e n t lor d e s e r i b m g l y a m u s i n g l y t h e m m u t i s e of t he socia l s cene t h a t o n e might h a v e jus t ly w i s h e d to l inger longer a n d look m o r e t h o r o u g h l y at ea<'h Mage of t h e way But p e r h a p s Mr C a m p b e l l will do t h i s r e t r ac -ing a n d deetx'i r e p l o u g h m g ol h i s t r a c k s 111 l a t e r books. 'I h i s one is so t 'ood tha t it h e doe: be t t e r il will be a c c o m p l i s h m e n t i n d e e d

A N T H O N Y C O U G H L A N

IRELAND AND WORLD PEACE

1 T w a s a good idea t o pub l i sh t h e s p e e c h e s of t h e T a o i s e a c h . Mr . S e a n

L e m a s s a n d Mr. F r a n k A i k e n , m a d e in Dai l E i r e a n n , on I r e l a n d ' s ro le in t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s a n d I r e l a n d ' s f o r e i g n policy. T h e s e a r e o b t a i n a b l e in a g r e e n -backed b r o c h u r e f r o m t h e G o v e r n m e n t S t a -t ione ry Office, pr ice t h r e e p e n c e . Mr . Aiken ' s s p e e c h shows q u i t e c l ea r ly t h a t h i s vote in t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s in f a v o u r of d i s c u s s i n g C h i n a ' s m e m b e r s h i p of t h e U N. w a s based on a g e n u i n e des i re t o fight lo r wor ld pe.ice.

T h e ro l e of t h e U N.. M r . Aiken p o i n t e d out . is t o e n a b l e c o u n t r i e s t o se t t l e t h e i r con f l i c t s w i t h o u t h a v i n g t o dec la re w a r a n d t h e r e f o r e I r e l a n d ' s o b l i g a t i o n on t h i s q u e s t i o n w a s pe r f ec t ly c l e a r . T h e F . n e Gae l P a r t y h a v e c r i t i c i sed t h e G o v e r n m e n t lor p u b l i s h i n g t h e s e . speeches a n d h a v e also a c c u s e d t h e m of s u p p o r t i n g t h e E a s t e r n Bloc. Fo r e x a m p l e D e p u t y Mc-G i l h g a n a c c u s e d Mr. A i k e n of " b e t r a y i n g t h e m o r a l a n d s p i r i t u a l v a l u e s of o u r people . ' '

Tl 1 i . l e b r o c h u r e is w o r t h g e t t i n g a s it i-l.ev.<, how I r e l and , l ike o t h e r smal l na -t ions , c a n c o n t r i b u t e to t h e peace of m a n -k ind .

W O R L D COMMENTARY

(Cont inued from P a g e Three)

t i r e d to ; ell I r e l a n d 1 h e a r m s wi th w h i c h to dele nd lt.sell.

Let us g r a n t , a s w a s g r a n t e d at t h e s t a r t , t h a t t h e r e a r e m a n y c r i t i c i s m s to be levelled a t t h e T w e n t y - S i x C o u n t i e s G o v -e r n m e n t . Yet it is t h e d u t y of every I r i s h -m a n . and every d e m o c r a t i c E n g l i s h m a n , t o d e f e n d t h e i n d e p e n d e n c e of t h e only s t a t e ol W e s t e r n E u r o p e t h a t is not t he p l a y -t h i n g of A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s m T h e re-u n i f i c a t i o n of I r e l a n d a s a t h i r t y - t w o c o u n t y r e p u b l i c would be t h e bes t g u a r a n -tee of t h i s . M e a n w h i l e let us n o t foul o u r own nes t W h e n t h e D u b l i n G o v e r n m e n t fa l l s s h o r t it is p a r t l y d u e t o p a r t i t i o n , a n d p a r t l y to imper ia l i s t bu l ly ing . Le t u s boldly s t a n d up for s u c h f r e e d o m a s I r e -land p o s s e s s e s and s t r i v e to e x t e n d it.

THE IRISH DEMOCRAT FOR IRISH WORKERS A N D PATRIOTS WITH THE COURAGE TO THINK

SPIOR 5PEAR LE TADHG M A C

i O N N R A C H I A I G H

p E dheire agus fe dheoidh ta na sula a oscailt do mhuint i r na tire seo

i dtaobh cad ta ag t i t im amach ins na coilineacha go hairithe san Aifric. Le fada bhi na Toraithe agus dream na himpireachta i mease c inn i r i na nOi- j breanach abalta ar an dalla-phuicin a chur ar na daoine a ra gurbh iad na Cummanaigh a bhi taobh thiar de gach t r iob lo id ar fuaid na hlmpir-eachta. Ach ni feidir leo an fhir inne a cheilt inn iu i dtaobh T i r Nyasa agus i dtaobh an Champa i Hola.

D a r n d o n i o r g h a a o n C h o i m i s i u n Dev-lin c i u i n n e G a e i l c h u n a c h u r n a lui t . a i i i n g o r a i b h d a o r - s m a c h t a i m i r t ai ' j r . h u m t i r n a h A i f r i c e . T a l h i o s a g a m n e e n so r t dli a t a a c h u r i b l i f e i d h m ag C o n -s t a b l a c h t R i o g h u i l U l a d h . I s e a n d a o r -f m a e h t c e a n n a e 1 m B e a l F e i r i s t e a g u s a n i u i c h s a i l A i l r i c . ARUS m a t h e i n n d s i a r t a m a l l n i l d u i n e a g a i n n n a fu i l a b a l t a a r s c e a l t a a i n n s i n t 1 d t a o b h n a n D u b h c h -r o n a c l i a g u s n a g C u n t o i r i a c h u i r L loyd Gei r g e a n a l l c h u i n n c h u n a n t i r a r i a r a d h c i achad b l i a m o s h o i n .

A M A R A C H S a r - p h a i p e a r is ea Amarach a t h a g a n n

a i r . a c h d h a u a i r sa m h i . G u t h n a G a e l -t a e h t a a t a a i r m a r l h o - t h i d i l a g u s is f i o r -g l i u u i n a G a e l t a c i i t a e a n p a i p e a r s a n . Ma s e t h a r a n : do r i a l t a s n a h E i r e a n n de-< n l a s a l h a b h a i r t do l e m a r a t h u g a n n .vad dos n a p a i p e - u a i G a e n g e eile a r n o s i n n i u . T a f h i o s ag a n s a o l G a e l a e h g u r k:< t h a r m a i s c e d l u u n n b h e i t h a^ t r a c h t it: a n h b h e u c h a i n t n a t e a n g a n m a ini t l i -i n n a n G h a e l t a e h t . A b h a r r a s a n b i o n n A m a r a c h a g p i e s t a i d n a G a e l t a c h t a i g. '>:iai . S a o l l a d a d h o i b h !

B h i a t h a s o r n i l i t i r d ' l h e i s e l n t sa pha i -p i a r s a i l t a m a l l o sho rn o t h u a i r i s c e o i r 1 L1 n d a m a b i n ag t a b h a i r t le " b o d a c h t i e a g l i 11:01 a s G a e l t a c h t a n I a r t h a i r " a L n a g a i r " m u i n e a l b n s t e " a r c h a i n t e o i r d e c l :u :d C l i i i i n a n n Ui C h o n g h a i l e 1 H y d e P a r k . A o n t a n n go l i i o m l a n le is a n d t u a i r -c i e o i r s e o n u a i r a d e i r s e . " S e n leal l go b i n d d e o r a i d h t h e n a h - E i r e a n n b h r i s e -a n a a n n o s t a s a n a i t s e o le c i a n t a go r u b e i d h e e a d I a b h a r t h a a g c h u i l e d h u m e 1 inba i l 11a g c a i n t e o i n . " A g u s d a r n d o 1 It-all" n i o s 1110 is ea e n u a i r a c h u i n i h n im id go b h f u i l cead a g g a c h e m n e s e a s -a n i h 1 H y d e P a r k i n n i u a r a r d a n a c h g u r t n o g se t r o i d f h a d a r h u n a n c e a r t sa i l a b h a m t a m a c h a g u s g u r b h lad o i b r i t h e n a B r e a t a i n e . id i r S h a s a n a i g h a g u s E i r e -a n n a i g h . a d h e i n a n c h u i d is nio den t r o i d c h e a n n a .

AN D A I L Ba r a i r e a c h a n scea l e s i Dai l a r a n

1 11 M e i t h e a m h n u a i r a d e i n e a d h d i o s p o i r -e a c h t a r m h e a s t a c h a n K o m n 11a G a e l -n . c h t a B h i se r o s h o i l e i r n a c h mor i s p e i s n a d T e a c h t a i 1 gcu i s n a G a e i l g p 11a s a G h a e l i a c h t C h u a i d h a n m e a s t a c h a n t i e a n D a i l g a n b e a g n a c h c u r n a c h o i n n i b h . 1> i r cu ' d e a l r a i m h 111 f h a c a n a p a n t i t h e f i l e t a o b h a m u i c h dp E i a n n a Fai l go r a : b h a o n b h r a b n s r o - m h o r p u i l i t l o c h t a le b a m t a s d i o s p o i r e a e h t a r a n n G a e l l a c l i t . M a r : .11 c a n h i e a r b l i a m ei le a g u s g a n a c h n a :a ( !a i b e a u a e e a n n a n n d e a n a m h 1 n l a r -I h a r n a l i K u e a u n a g n s a d e i n e a d h a m n -a . d h R m l a . m a . t . i e is e a e m d a c a 11a .-a f c i n a c h 111 icor i:ul s o p in loi iad n a s r u a i b c r v 1 i::d O b a i r a t a ag teas t a i l < m l c n n t i r n a h a i i e in ami.- tin re i r n a dio p o i r e a e h t n sco 111 b h e . d h .1 le la i l s a b h h a m s " o c h i m i n a e h o i r c a d leis a n n i b h a m s e o c

BABBLEJACK ANONYMOUS

" I ONGFORD LEADER'S" "Weekly Look Around" man was the inno-

cent abroad. Somebody let h im loose in London whi le the 'Daily Ma i l ' race to Paris was on in Hyde Park.

T h e r e h e h e a r d a C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n s p e a k e r , a n d h e w a s c o m p e l l e d t o a d m i t . " I t w a s v e r y d i f f i cu l t to c o n t r a d i c t a n y -t h i n g h e s a i d . I t m a d e s e n s e . . . h e h a d h i s a n s w e r s r e a d y 011 t h e t i p of h i s t o n g u e . "

B u t f o r t u n a t e l y Mr . R u b b e r n e c k was f o r e w a r n e d t h a t t h i s w a s a s p e a k e r of t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n , a n d of c o u r s e . " Y o u c a n b e foo l ed v e r y eas i ly 111 L o n d o n . "

' I n p a r a n t h e s i s . a t i p to t h e I n n o c e n t ' s e d i t o r . I t ' s q u i t e t r u e . Y o u can e a s i l y be f o o l e d in L o n d o n s o m e m o r e t h a n o t h e r s of c o u r s e ) .

FORCE, INDEED ! A n d n o w w h o " f o r e w a r n e d ' ' b a b y f a c e

t h a t al l is n o t r e a s o n a b l e t h a t s o u n d s s e n s e ? W a s it M r . G l e n n o n ? O r t l i e off ice boy f r o m K i n g s w a y ? O r t h e w r i t e r of t h e a n o n y m o u s l e t t e r s w h i c h c a m e i n t o t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n office, " f o r e w a r n i n g " t h e m e m b e r s of a d e v i l ' s o w n h u l l a b a l o o in H y d e P a r k — t h o u g h o n e of t h e m c o n t a i n e d a n a s s u r a n c e t h a t i t s w r i t e r w o u l d e m p l o y p h y s i c a l f o r c e to b r e a k u p t h e C o n n o l l y A s s o c i a t i o n m e e t i n g s . Of c o u r s e h e ' d h a v e t o be fit t o do s o f i r s t . W e g a v e t h e l e t t e r s t o n e x t d o o r ' s c a t ; it s e e m e d in n e e d of c h e e r i n g up .

H o w e v e r t h a t m a y be t h e t a c t i c s e m -p l o y e d s e e m t o r e s e m b l e v e r y c lose ly t h o s e a d o p t e d by t h e P a i l s e y i t e b i g o t s w h o s h o u t e d d o w n D r . S o p e r in m a d Ba l lv -m e n a .

SHOUT H I M DOWN D i d S o p e r t a l k C a t h o l i c i s m ? N o — h e

w a s i m p e c c a b l y P r o t e s t a n t l r o m h e a d to f o o t . A h ! B u t t h e O r a n g e m e n were " f o r e w a r n e d " t h a t h e w a s r e a l l y a P a p i s h 111 d i s g u i s e . T h e r e f o r e h e m u s t no t be a l l o w e d t o s p e a k t o s a y h e w a s n ' t .

1 I n p a r e n t h e s i s a g a i n , t h e e d i t o r m i g h t r e m e m b e r t h e r e is .such a t h i n g as ver i f i ca t ion . T h e poo r t h i n g w h o s e n t h o m e t h e s t o r y d i d n ' t e v e n b o t h e r check -i n g 11 t h e g e n t l e m a n w h o " f o r e w a r n e d " h i m k n e w a n y t h i n g . He d i d n ' t ! Almos t e v e r y s i n g l e f a c t w a s got w r o n g . )

A n d h e r e ' s a f u n n y t h i n g . H y d e P a r k is f u l l of v a r i o u s b r a n d s of S o c i a l i s t , A t h e i s t , A g n o s t i c , a n d C o m m u n i s t p la t -f o r m s all a n a t h e m a t o h i s a d m o n i t o r y f r i e n d s. w i i v d o t h e y n o t i n t e r r u p t the.^o'^ W h y pick 011 t h e Irish p l a t f o r m ? We' l l b e s u r p r i s e d a t t h e m d o i n g it w h e n we e v e r see t h e m l i f t o n e l i t t l e f i n g e r for Ire land. Ask f o r a p e n n y a n h o u r a n d

iii!

DR. SOPEft "It is t h o r o u g h l y u n d e m o c r a t i c for

a n y s m a l l group to a s s u m e t h e y h a v e t h e r ight to p r e v e n t a speaker f r o m s a y i n g what is in h i s heart . If y o u don't b e l i e v e in D e m o c r a c y what do y o u be-l ieve in?"

" E v i d e n t l y . " M r . S o p e r <c .n t i nued . " M r P a i s l e y is on t! :e c o m m i t t e e w h i c h de-c i d e s w h e t h e r a m a n w i n ! to h e a v e n or n o t . "

C O M M U N I S T

At t h i s r e m a r k t h e F r e e P r e s b v t e r i a n s d e c l a r e d t h a t Dr. S o p e r w a s a C o m m u n i s t .

"I a m not a C o m m u n i s t , " he repl ied, " a n d I can prove it. I have a n Ameri -c a n visa."

H e w a s t h e n a c c u s e d c { be ing a f e l l o w -t r a v e l l e r , a n d h i s c o n d e m n a t i o n ol r a c e r i o t s a n d c o l o u r - b a r w a s d r o w n e d in wi ld s h o u t s f r o m t h e o p p o s i t i o n .

I t wi l l be r e m e m b e r e d t h a t f o l l o w i n g a P a i s l e y i t e m e e t i n g in B e l f a s t , t h e s h o p -w i n d o w s of I t a l i a n i c e - c r e a m v e n d o r s w e r e b r o k e n .

Back in Belfast, Dr. Soper con-demned boxing and other forms of "violence" and added that "Mora l Re-a r m a m e n t " had nothing to do with Christ ianity. He also condemned the Hola camp murders in Africa, and said they 'represented the nadir of respon-sible Government.' '

I N S U L T I N G

! T h e U n i o n i s t " B e l f a s t T e l e g r a p h . " r e a -l i s i n g t h a t t h e f a c t s a b o u t t h e b i g o t r y a n d

1 t o t a l i t a r i a n i s m in t h e Six C o u n t i e s w e r e j e s c a p i n g t h r o u g h o n e (. '.her l e a k , con-j d e m n e d t h e b e h a v i o u r ..1 t h e " a u t h o r i -| t a r i a n " d e m o n s t r a t o r s .

j D r . S u p e r ' s r e c e p t i o n h a d b e e n e q u a l l y ! " i n s u l t i n g " in B e l f a s t , w h e r e r o s a r y b e a d -

w e r e t h r o w n at l i n n by O r a n g e h o o d l u m -| a s h e w a s \val! : : r , r i::'. t h e M e t h r r :st

C h u r c h .

j T h i s is w h a t h a p p e n e d : I A s D r . S o p e r w a s w a l k i n g w i t h t h e

M i n i s t e r . Dr. H e d l e y P m n k e t t . a g r o u p at t h e g a t e w a y b r o u g h t a b . .n r , e r o n w i n c h w a s w r i t t e n " D r . S o p e r i . en ies t h e V i r g i n

! b i r t h of C h r i s t . "

Rev. John Wyl ie . of B a l l y m o n e y , Co. A n t r i m , produced a set ol rosary beads

~ I y o u ' r e a r e d a g i t a t o r Ask lor j u s t i c e l o r I r e l a n d a n d y o u ' r e a r e d devil

As l o r t h e " L o n g f o r d L e a d e r . " it w o u l d I be b e t t e r to h a v e a week ly look r o u n d I L o n g f o r d . It m i g h t f i n d a bit to c o m p l a i n ol t h e r e . W h e n it e v e r e s p o u s e s a n y I g e n e r o u s cause , p e r h a p s t h e e d i t o r will ; d r o p u s a p o s t c a r d .

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE

w h i c h h e dang led in t h e face ol Dr. Soper w i t h the words, For y o j r Popish garb, Sir. For your l e a t h e r g r d l e , Sir,"

M r . W y l i e t h e n a t t e m p t e d t o p lace t h e b e a d s 011 D r . S o p e r ' s s h o u l d e r hut t u e v lel l o n t h e g r o u n d . M r . W y l i e t-.e-i p i cked t h e m u p a n d t h r e w t h e m a t D r . S a o j i o v e r t h e c h u r c h r a i l i n g s .

T h e m o b t h e n d i s t r i b u t e d ie.itk'i.s ca l l -ing D r . S o p e r a " f r i e n d o l H . m t n r m . " s o m e of t h e m s a y i n g t h a t t h e ; b e l o n g e d to t h e " N a t i o n a l U n i o n ol P r ue .v . a iu s . " t h e " F r e e P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h oi U l s t e r . " a n d " U l s t e r P r o t e s t a n t A c t i o n . ' O n e of t h e m s a i d t h a t Dr. S o p e r w a s a " r e l i g i o u s p i r a t e " a n d a d d e d " W e ' r e s t a n d i n g f o r G o d t h i s m o r n i n g w h a t e v e r a n ; o n e s a v s . "

I t is b e l i e v e d 111 u s u a l l y we ' . l - iu ro : ined c i r c l e s t h a t t h e r e a s o n l o r t h e r e c r u d e s -c e n c e of b i g o t r y in B e l f a s t , is l . be f o u n d in t h e d e v e l o p i n g e c o n o m i c c r i s , - . t h e d i f f i -c u l t i e s of t h e a i r c r a f t i n d u s t n , a n d t h e d e s i r e of c e r t a i n c i r c l e s t o s p l i t t h e w o r k -ing c l a s s a n d p r e v e n t t h e m look ing to D u b l i n a s t h e s o l u t i o n ol t h e i r p r o b l e m s .

FREE PRISONERS AB O U T one hundred and twenty I r ish

men and women marched in a Sinn Fein parade from Piatt Fields, Manchester, to All Saints on Sunday, August tGth. A successful and colourful meeting was held demanding the release of the Republican prisoners held in Belfast ja i l .

On t h e s a m e day N o t t i n g h a m Connol ly A s s o c i a t i o n held a m e e t i n g in t h j Old Market Square , a d d r e s s e d by Sean Red-mond, Gerard Curran, Pat O ' S u l i v a n , D a n n y K i l c o m m i n s , J o e D e i g h a n a n d D e s m o n d Greaves . About 500 attand-id a n d a r e s o l u t i o n d e m a n d i n g t h e release ol t h e p r i s o n e r s w a s carried u n a n m o u J - y

ANNUAL REPORT —from Page Six

n o w s o m e 1.500 books . A f i r s ' - a . i s e l ec -t r i c a l l y o p e r a t e d d u p l i c a t o r h a s o - v n ob-t a i n e d . t o g e t h e r w i th a n e w t \ > K ' \ r i t e r . T h e s e h a v e m a d e p o s s i b l e t h e i v u e a t i n t e r v a l s ol a c i r c u l a r l e t t e r I• 1 i t c n ' i c r s , ol w h i c h 16 h a v e b e e n i s s u e d .

SOCIALS AND DANCES It w a s dec . t i ed by t h e E C. t h a t ,1 is n o t

t h e p o l i c y ol t h e C A. t o 1 >e a s o c i a l o r B a m . - r i f . c n . W e u r g e m e m b e r - , o. s e c u r e t h e i r e n t e r t a i n m e n t w h e r e / . he r I r i s h p e o p l e go. W e w a n t a n A s - i c c i i u a i ot m i x e r s , n o t a n e l i te w h o on!;. en]oy t h e n -o w n c o m p a n y . B u t on a few i - c a s i o n s a y e a r i t wa.-. dec ided to c o n d u . . ' - ea l .v o ig f u n c t i o n s T h e St . P a t r i c k ' s N t f i t D a n c e at t h e P o r o h e s t e r Hal l 1959. was 1 he b ig -ges t e v e n t yet c o n d u c t e d b;. '.lie S o c i a l C o m m i t t e e , a n d w a s a n o u t s t a n d i n g s u c c e s s B l a n c h e - h a v e a h a . : c ca ' ac t ed loca l s o c i a l e v e n i n g s w i t h v a r y i n g sue. e s s .

STANDING COMMITTEE

MANCHESTER FREE THE PRISONERS CAMPAIGN

i OPEN-AIR MEETINGS NIGHTLY ALL SAINTS, at 8 p.m. Friday, August 21st Monday, August 24th Tuesday, August 25th Wednesday, August 26th Thursday, August 27th Friday, August 28th

"How they partitioned Ireland" "Why they partitioned Ireland" "How Partition ruined Ireland"

"The Six-County Police State" T h e Case of Mallon and Talbot"

"Political Action for Ireland"

Speakers— JOE DEIGHAN T I M ENRIGHT TONY C 0 U G H L A N DESMOND GREAVES D A N N Y K I L C O M M I N S T O M WATTERS T O M HENRY

B a i t a n s e e a l e c h o m h m a i t h go r a i b h I d a o i i i c a g l a b h a i i t a r a n m e a s t a o i i a n | a g u s l ad a g s t e a l l a d h B e a r l a u a l h a 1 Ach n u a i r c l m m i h n i m i d n a c h l e i d i r le h e m n c ! a n nos t is luu 'ha d ' f h a i l sa s t a i l - s h e i r b h i s I g a n G a o i l g e b h e i t h a i g e a c h gu r l e i d i r leis b h e i t h n a a i r e n a l t a i s t i i ig imid g o b h f u i l i m i d t ; i g a i f h e 1 b l i f a d o Iheal l t m - | a e h t 1916.

P r i n t e d by R ip l ev P r i n t e r s Ltd ( T . U . ) | N o t t i n g h a m R o a d . R i p l e y . D e r b y s . a n d j p u b l i s h e d by t h e E d i t o r a t 374 G r a y s I n n R o a d , L o n d o n . W.C. I .

PROCESSION LEAVES PLATT FIELDS 3.45 p.m. SUNDAY, 30th AUGUST

followed by Mass Meeting at All Saints', Sydney St. Croft, 4.30 p.m. Speakers: LESLIE LEVER, M P., JOHN HOSTETTLER HORACE NEWBOLD DESMOND G R E A V E S (See., M a n r l i r s t r r T r a d e s C o u n c i l ) l l d i t o r , 'Ir ish D e m o c r a t I

D. K ILCOMMINS, JOSEPH.DE IGHAN and others.

UNITY IS STRENGTH