Solutions
How Solutions FormA. Solution – a mixture that appears
the same throughout and is mixed at the ___________ level
1. _______ – substance being dissolved
2. ________ – substance doing the dissolving
3. Solutions can be liquids, gases, or _______
Solution Type
Solvent Solute Example
1. gas Gas
2. Solid Salt water
3. Solid Dental amalgam
4. Liquid Club soda
5. Liquid Liquid
6. Solid brass
4. Alloys are _______ solutions
Copper + tin =
copper + zinc =
silver + copper =
tin + copper + antimony =
lead + tin =
iron + carbon =
B. How dissolving happens:
1. Water molecules are ______ – they have a positive area and a negative area
2. Water molecules cluster around ______ molecules, with their negative ends attracted to the positive ends of the solids
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3. Water molecules ____ the solid particles into solution
4. The moving water molecules and ______ molecules spread out and mix evenly to form a solution.
5. To mix solids to make an alloy solution, you must _____ the solids.
C.Rate of dissolving depends on:1. ________ – speeds up
dissolving by bringing more fresh solvent into contact with more solute.
2. Crystal ______
a. Dissolving occurs at the _________ of a solid.
b. Breaking a solid into pieces or powder increases its _________ _____, which speeds up dissolving.
3. Temperature – _________ the temperature of a solvent speeds up the movement of its particles.
4. To make a gas dissolve more quickly in a liquid, ____ the liquid solvent and ________ the pressure of the gas.
Solubility and Concentration
A. ___________ – the amount of a substance that can dissolve in a solvent
1. Depends on the nature of the ____________
2. Solubilities of two substances can be compared by _________
B. Concentration
1. A __________ solution has a large amount of solute in the solvent.
2. A _______ solution has a small amount of solute in the solvent
3. Concentrations can be expressed as percent by __________ of the solute
C.Types of solutions
1. __________ solution – contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature
a. As the temperature of a liquid solvent increases, the amount of solid solute that can dissolve in it ____________
b. __________ ______ – line on a graph used to figure how much solute can dissolve at any temperature on the graph.
2. ____________ solution – able to dissolve more solute at a given temperature
3. _____________ solution – contains more solute than a saturated one at the same temperature
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a. Made by ________ the temperature of a saturated solution, adding more solute, and lowering temperature back without __________ the solution
b. __________ - will crystallize if disturbed
c. As it crystallizes, it gives off ________ and produces heat
Particles in SolutionA. _____ – particles with a
charge
1. __________ – compounds that form charged particles (ions) and conduct electricity in water
2. ___________ – substances that do not ionize in water and cannot conduct electricity
B. How ions form
1. __________ – molecules break apart in water, causing atoms to become ions by taking on a charge
2. __________ – an ionic solid separates into its positive and negative ions.
C. Effects of solute particles
1. All solute particles – polar, nonpolar, electrolyte, and nonelectrolyte – affect the ________ properties of a solvent
2. Adding a solute to a solvent _______ the freezing point because the added solute particles interfere with the formation of orderly freezing patterns
3. Adding a solute ______ the boiling point because fewer solvent molecules can reach the surface and evaporate.