Shoguns and
Samurais
Nara - for the next 100 years it is known as the
Nara Period
700 C.E. Japan built a new Capital
But Smaller
NARA looked like a copy of the Chinese Capital Changan
Nara had broad streets and large public squares.
Todai-Ji Great Buddha Hall in Nara
And Shinto Shrine
Nara Japan has a lot of Chinese influences through out the city
1. The city of ________ became the new __________ of Japan.
2. The ___________ culture became a major influence in the city.
3. The city has ___________ temples and ________ shrines throughout.
4. The Chinese influence is seen in the ________________ and ___________.
Write this down.Nara
CapitalChinese
BuddhistShinto
Architecture Religion
Japanese emperors added to the changes begun by Prince Shotoku
The Emperor’s Government
They organized the government officials by rank. Emperor gave jobs to people in powerful families and they can pass it down to their son. For their service they received large estates and Farms.
The Emperor gave Nobles farmers to farm the land
Nobles Estates
>Japan had a Census, a counting of the population.
>People paid taxes in rice and silk cloth.
>Men had to serve in the Army
Emperor’s Power came from his control of the land and its crops.
5. Emperors would pick _________ from powerful __________ to help govern.
6. Nobles would be given _______ and __________ to work the land.
7. A counting of the population is called a _________.
8. Taxes were paid to the emperor with ______ and ____________.
9. Men had to serve in the _______.
Write this down.Nobles
FamiliesFarms
Farmers
Census
Rice Silk ClothArmy
As the government grew strong, Buddhism became more popular in Japan.
Buddhism Spreads in Japan
Buddhism came to Japan from Korea 500 C.E
Japanese government officials and nobles were the first to accept the new Religion.
Buddhism Spreads
600-700 C.E. Buddhism spread to the common people.
Soon Buddhism became a major religion in Japan and played a major role in the
government
Buddhism Spreads
Buddhism became more powerful and now there was opposition to the religion and now the fighting starts for control of the government
Buddhism Spreads
Instead of fighting with the Buddhist the emperor left Nara and all the Buddhist monks
Buddhism Spreads
10. Buddhism came to _______ from _________.
11. ________ were the first to embrace Buddhism then the _________________.
12. Buddhism became a major ________ in Japan and it became a part of the _______________.
13. Eventually __________ grew between the Buddhist and the Shintoist.
Write this downJapan
KoreaNobles
Common peopleReligion
GovernmentConflict
794 C.E. Emperor Kammu move the capital to Heian, later was called Kyoto.
the government weakens
Just like Nara a lot of Chinese influence found
800 C.E. Emperors power declines. Why? After a time of strong Emperors, a number of weak emperors came to power. Many were children
The Government Weakens
Many Had Regents – people who rule for someone too young or too sick.
Emperors grew up and the regents would not give up their power. Most regents came from the Fujiwara Clan
Government Weakens
Under the Fujiwara Emperors were honored but did not rule instead the emperors studied Buddhism. Or wrote poetry in their palace at Heian
Fujiwara gained wealth and nobles gained land. Japan gained more territory and to keep everyone happy nobles stopped paying taxes and peasants had to pay more
Fujiwara
14. Emperor Kammu moved the capital from _______ to ________.
15. Emperors went from _________ to ________ many were ___________.
16. Many Emperors were too __________ and they had __________ to help rule.
17. These regents were from the __________ clan.
18. Fujiwara grew to great ________.
Write this down!
Nara HeianStrong
Weak ChildrenYoung
Regents
FujiwaraPower
To protect the land and enforce law, Nobles formed private armies. They gave land to Warriors in return protection
Who Were The Samurai
These warriors
were called
SAMURAI
Samurais fought on horseback with swords, daggers, bows and arrows. Their armor was leather with steel scales threaded together with silk cords.
Samurais
Helmets had horns or crest with scary masks.
Samurai means “to Serve” and Samurais live by a strict code called the Bushido “the way of the warrior”.
Samurai Code
The Code demanded them to be loyal to their master They have to be brave,
courageous, honorable and not care about wealth
Samurai would rather die than betray their lord or being captured. The loyalty of the Japanese lasted all the way to Kamikaze pilots of WWII.
Samurai code
19. Nobles needed protection so they hired ___________ called ___________.
20 . Samurais were given _______.21. Samurais fought on _____________ with ________, daggers, ______ and Arrows.
22. Samurais follow a code called __________ and they will serve their ________.23. Samurais would rather _____than disgrace the code.
Write this down!Warriors Samurais
LandHorseback
Swords Bows
BushidoMaster
Die
Japan’s local government and the Emperors became dominated by Military Rulers called
Shoguns.
The Rise of the Shogun
By 1100 C.E. the most powerful families begun fighting each other using their Samurai armies. They fought for land and to gain control over the emperors government
What is a Shogun?
This war was between the 2 most powerful families, the Taira Clan and the Minamoto Clan. Minamoto beat Taira in a sea battle near Shikoku island.
Gempei War
He was the commander of the Minamoto Clan. Minamoto Yoritomo
The Emperor from the Yamato family was worried the Minamoto Family would try to replace them. So they rewarded Yoritomo to keep him loyal to the Yamato Clan.
24. Military Leaders were called ______________.
25. By 1100 C.E. powerful _______ started to fight against each other with ___________ armies.
26. 2 clans fought, _______ against ______________ and the ____________ won.
27. ____________ was commander of the Minamoto clan.
Write this down!
ShogunsClans
SamuraiTaira
Minamoto Minamoto
Yoritomo
1192 the emperor gave the title of SHOGUN to Yoritomo. Shogun means commander of all of the emperors military forces.
The 1st SHOGUN
Emperor decided to set up 2 governments 1 in Heian with Emperor in charge Second in Kamakura led by the Shogun
2 Governments
It was Known as a ShogunateA government run by the Shogun and Military rule.It will last for 700 years
Was a ruthless ruler, killed most of his family because he feared they would over throw him.
Yoritomo
Appointed high ranking Samurais to Govern the provinces, collect taxes, and keep the peace.
Yorimoto and the Shoguns after him.
The Samurai bound by oath and loyalty to the Shogun. They became the leading group in Japan.
28. The Yamato rewarded _____________ with the title of ___________.
29. The Emperor set up _ governments 1 in __________ and 1 in _____________.
30. Kamakura was controlled by Yoritomo and was called ____________.
31. Yoritomo was a __________ ruler.32. Shoguns appointed ____________ to govern the province, collect _________, and Keep the ________.
Write this down!
2
Shogunate
YoritomoShogun
Heian Kamakura
RuthlessSamurais
TaxesPeace
Kamakura Shogunate greatest challenge was when the Mongols invaded Japan in 1274 and 1281.
The Mongols Attack!
Led by Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan sent out ships and warriors to invade Japan but the Mongols were defeated by the violent Pacific storms.
The Mongols Attack
The storms smashed the Mongols ships and the troops that made it ashore were easily defeated by the Japanese
The Mongols Attack
Japanese named the mighty TYPHOONS – KAMIKAZES which means “divine wind” to
honor the Spirits that saved the island .
Typhoons
Kamikazes During WWII Japanese Pilots took the name
because of the sacrifice to protect the island.
33. _______________ was the emperor of the ___________ empire.
34. In 1274 and 1281 the _________ invaded Japan. On their way they hit violent _______.
35. Mongol Ships were __________ , the boats and troops that made it were ___________ by the Japanese.
36. The ____________ were named ____________ which means “divine _______”
37. Japanese WWII Pilots were named ______________ .
Write this down!Kublai Khan
MongolMongols
StormsSmashed
DefeatedTyphoons
Kamikazes Wind
Kamikazes
Kamakura Shogunate ruled Japan until 1333 C.E.. Many Samurais grew resentful, land kept getting divided between the Samurais and it was getting smaller and smaller. Their loyalty to the Shogun weakened.
The Daimyo Divide Japan
>The Samurais help the emperor with the rebellion and the revolt was a success. The emperor did not gain total control and the loyalty of the Samurai because he did not give them more land.
Emperor rebells against the Shogun
Was a general who turned against the Emperor and named himself Shogun in 1333. Ashikaga shogunate began.
Ashikaga Takauji
Proved to be weak and revolts broke out across Japan. Soon the country was divided into small territories and controlled by military lords called daimyo (DY•mee•OH).
Ashikaga Shoguns
To the emperor and the shogun. However they ruled their land like a small kingdom. To protect their lands the daimyo had samurai armies.
The daimyo pledge loyalty
38. Samurais started to lose __________ towards the ___________.
39. Samurais aided the ___________ in a revolt against the ________________________.
40. The revolt was successful but the emperor did not gain control, ____________ _________ made himself Shogun.
41. He proved himself to be _______. Japan broke into _______ territories.
42. They were controlled by the _________.they pledge loyalty to the
_________ and the___________.
Write this down!Respect
ShogunsEmperor
Kamakura Shogunate
AshikagaTakauji
WeakSmall
DaimyoEmperor
Shoguns
To the Daimyo and they pledge loyalty to the Daimyo and serve in times of war. In return the daimyo gave them land. The bond of loyalty between lord and vassal is Feudalism.
Samurais became vassals
Japan’s Warriors fought each other from 1467-1477. Heian, the capital, is now Kyoto, was almost completely destroyed. They burned
temples and palaces as they passed through.
The 10 Year Onin War
Japan tried to unite the country under 1 ruler. They continued to fight Shoguns and daimyo but
they were too weak to overcome and rule.
100 years after the war
43. The Samurai pledge _________ to the daimyo. This bond between lord and vassal is called ____________.
44. The _______ war lasted ___ years and Japan’s ____________ fought for control. The city of ________ was almost completely destroyed.
45. For the next _____ years __________ and __________ fought for control of Japan none were strong enough to unite the country.
Write this down!Loyalty
FeudalismOnin 10Samurais
Heian
100 ShogunsDaimyo