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FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institut de recherche en ingénierie des connaissances et logiques de l’espace

SEMANTIC)ALIGNMENT)OF)DOCUMENTS)WITH)3D)CITY)MODELS)Camille'Tardy1,'Laurent'Moccozet2'and'Gilles'Falquet1'University*of*Geneva*'1*Institute*ICLE*2*Institute*of*Services*Science*

In'3U3D'2012'conference'Nantes,'France'

A)Digital)Library)of)Urban)resources)

2'Semantic'alignment'of'documents'with'3D'city'models,'C.'Tardy'et'al.''

http://www.lviz.org/wpAcontent/uploads/2009/03/vancouver1980.png*

Documents'

3D'city'Models'

Context)



Task'Requires'access'to'

Problem)Statement)



Navigates/'Looks'at'

Establish'semantic'links'between'3DCM'objects'and'documents'

ContextualisaFon)

• Represent'the'documents'in*context*

•  Visually'link'documents'to'the'3D'object'

• Requires':'1.'Compute'the'semantic'alignment'relationships'2.'Compute'the'user'interface'layout'

'


Related)Work)

•  3D'visualisation':'NIRVE'[1],'Periscope[2]'

•  Contextualisation'in'space':'Geocoding'process'in'GIS'[3]'

•  Visualisation':'World'Explorer'[4]''

Semantic'alignment'of'documents'with'3D'city'models,'C.'Tardy'et'al.'' 6'

A)Model)to)Compute)the)Links)



Geonames'

CityGML'

Urbamet'

Domain'Ontologies'

Link'document[object'

Coverage'

Annotation'

IndexaFon)and)AnnotaFon)

• Documents'are'indexed''• Annotation'•  RDF']ile'

•  Coverage'•  Space'•  Time'

'•  3d'object'annotation'•  CityGML'representation'and'Geonames'identi]ication'


Ontology)Alignment)

•  Indexation'vocabularies''

'


CityGML' Geonames' Urbamet' Domain''Ontologies'

IdenFficaFon)



Geonames'

CityGML'

Urbamet'

Domain'Ontologies'


IdenFfying)city)objects)

•  From'CityGML'to'Geonames'

•  Position'

•  Function'

• Rules'to'solve'ambiguities'


IdenFficaFon)of)City)Objects)


Storey)IdenFficaFon)

•  Contained'in'the'footprint'

•  Contained'in'the'building''(CityObjectGroup*–*part_of/contains)*

•  Function'(lodXStorey)*

•  Name':']loor'number''•  Elevation'(geoname)*

•  Creation'of'a'class'“Storey”'in'CityGML'


Storey)IdenFficaFon)Formula)


Storey)IdenFficaFon)Example)


http://lesleyannwhite.co.uk/wp[content/uploads/2011/11/house_tran.png'

A)Model)to)Compute)the)Links)



Geonames'

CityGML'

Urbamet'

Domain'Ontologies'


Coverage'

Annotation'

Find)the)connecFons)

•  Type'of'links'

•  Explicit'(Boolean'value)'•  Direct'or'indirect'connection'

•  Suggestion'(Weight'value)'•  Through'non[geographic'entities'•  Object'is'not'contained'in'the'3DCM'


Alignment)Algorithm)

•  Input''•  Document'corpora'(indexed)'•  3D'city'model'(indexed)'

• Output'•  Matrix'of'links''•  M(doc,obj)'''

•  Focus'on'the'spatial'coverage''


Algorithm)

• One'document','one'object'

•  Cov(obj)'≤'Cov(doc)'or'vice'versa'•  CityGML/Geonames'

•  Search_link'function'4'cases':''1.'Direct'link'2.'Direct'link'by'class'3.'Link'through'non[geographic'entities'4.'Link'by'spatial'proximity'


Direct)Link)

• M(doc,obj)='true''

20'

G:“Geneva''airport”'

G':“Geneva''airport”'

Cov(doc)'

Cov(obj)'

Semantic'alignment'of'documents'with'3D'city'models,'C.'Tardy'et'al.''

Direct)Link)by)Class)

• M(doc,obj)=true'

21'

G':“Geneva'airport”'

Cov(doc)'

Cov(obj)'


“airport_'building”'

Link)through)NonNgeographic)EnFFes)

• M(doc,obj)=1/semantic_distance(“surgery”,'“HUG”)'

22'

G:'“HUG”'

Cov(obj)'

Idx(doc)'


“surgery”'

g2'g3'

g4'

The)object)is)a)group)

•  The'main'object'is'identify'with'a'geoname'

•  Get'the'object'that'correspond'to'the'current'geoname'''

•  Fall'back'to'cases'1,'2'or'3'with'the'new'object'''


g1'

•  e'not'in'cov(model)'•  e'and'f'are'spatially'close'

Link)by)SpaFal)Proximity)


G:'e'

Cov(doc)' Cov(model)'='f'(geoname)'

G:'e'

• M(doc,obj)='1/euclidean_distance(e,f)''http://i149.photobucket.com/albums/s62/WorkingFilms/AucklandCity2.jpg'

ParFcular)SituaFons)

•  The'object'is'a'group'

•  Storeys'


Example):)Geneva)Airport)


Cov(doc)'='“Switzerland”'(geoname)''

Idx(doc)'='“Swiss”,'“airline”,'“tablets”,'“crew”'

http://www.journal[aviation.com/'



Cov(obj)'='BuildingFunctionType':'“Airport_Building”'(cityGML)'Cov(model)''='“Geneva'Canton”'(geoname)'

e'(geoname')'='label':'“Aéroport'Genève[Cointrin”,'feature'code':'“S.AIRP”(Airport)'


•  “Switzerland”'contains'“Geneva'Canton”'

•  Idx(doc)'contains'“airline”'

•  Link'between'doc'and'all'airports'objects'in'the'model*

• M(doc,obj)=true '[>'explicit_link'


Example):)University)of)Geneva)


Cov(doc)'='“Uni'Dufour”'(geoname),'Storey':'name'='1'(CityGML)''

www.unige.ch'



Cov(obj)'='“Uni'Dufour”'(geoname)'

Obj'is'a'group'of'4'storeys':''

!  o4''Storey':'name'='3'!  o3''Storey':'name'='2'!  o2''Storey':'name'='1'!  o1''Storey':'name'='0'

http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=da6dc]b704f4294c9202d3aef1555f0c'


•  Cov(doc)'and'Cov(obj)'contains'“Uni'Dufour”'

•  Cov(doc)'[>'Storey'

•  Search'link'with'obj'sub[objects'

•  Cov(o2)='“Uni'Dufour”,'Storey':'name'='1''

• M(doc,o2)=true'


Conclusion)

•  Semantic'indexing'

•  Identify'links'through'numerous'connections''•  Future'Work':'•  Evaluation'via'a'use'case'

•  Deal'with'fuzzy'area'

•  Develop'the'different'visualisation'technics'

•  Develop'the'query'system'


References)


1.  W.'Wiza,'K.'Walczak,'W.'Cellary,'Proc.*of*the*9th*Int.*Conf.*on*3D*Web*Technology.* Periscope' [' A' System' for' Adaptive' 3D' Visualization' of'Search'Results.'29–40.'(2004)'

2.  ' J.'Cugini,'S.'Laskowski,'M.'Sebrechts,'Proc.*of*IST/SPIE's*12th*Annual*Int.* Symposium:* Electronic* Imaging.' Design' of' 3D' visualization' of'search'results:'Evolution'and'evaluation.'23–28.'(2000)''

3.  C.B.'Jones,'A.I.'Abdelmoty,'D.'Finch,'G.'Fu,'S.'Vaid,'Proc.*of*the*3rd*Int.*Conf.* on* Geographic* Information* Science.' The' SPIRIT' Spatial' Search'Engine:' Architecture,' Ontologies' and' Spatial' Indexing.' 125–139.'(2004)''

4.  S.'Ahern,'M.'Naaman,'R.'Nair,'J.H.I.'Yang,'Proc.*of*the*7th*JCDL.'World'explorer:' visualizing' aggregate' data' from' unstructured' text' in' geo[referenced'collections.'1–10.'(2007)''