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BABENDERERDEENGINEERS
Selection Criteria of Tunnel Boring Machines -Examples
Lars Babendererde
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General Selection Criteria
1.Geotechnical behaviour of the ground
2.Presence of ground water and pressure
3.Boundary conditions of the project
4.Experience of the contractor
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Criteria for Selection (by Babendererde 1999)
Rock Strength Rock Structure Water IngressJointing Grain size
Unilat. compr. MPa
cohesion Cu
KN/m²
Face Support
Shield Lining Install.
RQD Distance < 0.02 mm< 0.06 mm
Face Support
Shield Lining Install.
Volume per 30 m³
Consequences on
> 250 - - - - 100 - 90 %
> 2 m - - unlimited pump capacity
250
- 100
- behind TBM
90 - 75 %
2.0 -
0.6 m - - behind
TBM unlimited pump capacity
100
- 50
- behind TBM
75 - 50 %
0.6 -
0.2 m - possible behind
TBM > 20 l/s pump capacity
Rock50 -
25 - recom. behind
TBM
50 - 25 %
0.2 -
0.06 m possibly
mech. recom. in
TBM area
> 10 l/s face support
25 - 5
- recom. < 25 % < 0.06 m mech. required under shield > 5 l/s face support
5 - 1
recom. required under shield < 25 % < 0.06 m
mech., possibly
EPB/Slurry required under
shield > 2 l/s methodology
< 1 > 30 - required under shield < 25 % < 0.06 m vary
mech., possibly
EPB/Slurryrequired under
shield > 2 l/s methodology
Soil 30 -
10 recom. required under
shield > 30 % mech.,
possibly EPB/Slurry
required under shield > 2 l/s methodology
10 - 5
recom. requiredunder shield
immed. grout.
> 20 % < 50 % EPB / Slurry required
under shield immed. grout.
> 2 l/s methodology
5 - 1
required requiredunder shield
immed. grout.
> 10 % < 30 % EPB / Slurry required
under shield immed. grout.
> 2 l/s methodology
0
required requiredunder shield
immed. grout.
> 10 % < 20 % EPB / Slurry required
under shield immed. grout.
> 2 l/s methodology
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TBM type -difference by the way of face support
• No face support• Mechanical support• Compressed air• Active, by support medium:
EPB or Slurry
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No face support – Hard rock TBMs
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Active face support helps !
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Range of Slurry- and EPB- TBM ApplicationConsidering Grain-size Distribution
0
0,002 0,06 2 63 2000,006 0,02 0,2 0,63 6,3 20 100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
[ % ]
1000
Ton Schluff Sand Kies Steine Blöcke
fein mittel grob fein mittel grob fein mittel grob
Grain-size [mm]
0
0,002 0,06 2 63 2000,006 0,02 0,2 0,63 6,3 20 100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1000
1. Lyon2. Hamburg3. Grauholztunnel4. Wesertunnel5. Zürich, Hermetschloo-Werdhölzli 6. Zürich, Thalwil7. Portland, Gravel Alluvium8. Wittenberg (polymer suspension)
Slurry-TBM drives
9. Essen, U-Bahn Los 32/33EPB-TBM drives
10. Milano, Passante Ferroviario
12
3
54
6
7
9
10
8
11. Metro Porto11
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Selection of TBM with active face support
Slurry limitation
High content of fines < 0,06 mm requires expensive separation process
EPB limitation
High permeability k > 10-³ m/s requires intensive conditioning
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Typical Thrust and Torque of a Ø 9m TBM
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
Open TBM Shielded TBM EPB-TBM Slurry-TBM
Thru
st [k
N]
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
Torq
ue [k
Nm
]
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Water Strait Crossings in Northern Germany
River Weser TunnelØ 11,7m River Elbe Tunnel
4th Tube Hamburg Ø 14m
Herrentunnelunder river TraveØ 11,7m
River Elbe TunnelHamburg WestØ 14m
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Moscow Metro Escalator Tunnels, Russia
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