Second Meeting- Social factors and social dimensions- Language variety and language choice
Social Factors The participants: - who is speaking?
- who are they speaking to?
The setting or social context of the interaction
(where and when are they speaking + what kind of
physical interaction they have)
The topic : what is being talked about?
The function: why are they speaking?
Social Dimensions A social distance scale concerned with participants
relationships. (how close their relationship, intimate/distant)
A status scale concerned with partisipants relationships.
(superior – subordinate)
A formality scale relating to the setting or type of interaction.
(at school, in an interview: high and low formality)
Two functional scales relating to the purposes or topic of
interaction.
Domains of Language Use Domain is the field of activity
Ranah bahasa
A domain involves typical interactions between
typical participants in typical settings. (Joshua
Fishman)
It refers to who you are talking to, the social context
of the talk, the function and topic of the discussion.
Linguistic Repertoire Language repertoire = khazanah bahasa.
Range of languages or varieties of language
available for use by a speaker, each of which
enables him to perform a particular social
role. It also refers to the range of linguistic
varieties within a speech community. ( in
terms of language, style, speech level)
Examples of repertoire In monolingual javanese: ngoko, madya, kromo
e.g:
Panjenengan dipun aturi mundhutaken tas.
Sampeyan dipun purih numbasaken tas.
Sliramu diutus numbasake tas
Kowe di kongkon nukokke tas
Awakmu di kongkon nukokno tas
In Multilingual Community e. g: in Surabaya
Mengapa anda datang terlambat?
Mengapa kamu datang telat?
Kamu kok telat sih?
Why are you late?
Pourquoi vous êtes fin?
Warum bist du spät?
Language Community Diglosia X bilingual
(speech community) (individual)
e.g:
Mrs. Foo is a bilingual since she speaks
singaporean english and chinese but the
singaporean chinese are diglosic
Diglosia 1. Two distinct varieties of the same language are used in
community with one regarded as high variety and other low
variety
2. H & L complement each other.
3. No one uses the H variety in everyday conversation.
- In monolingual : Indonesian standard and non standard.
- In multilingual : English and French
Polyglosia The term polyglosia is used for situation
where a community regularly uses more
than two languages
The term is used for situation where more
than two distinct codes or varieties are used
for clearly distinct purposes or in clearly
distinguishable situation.
e.g : of polyglosia In monolingual community: Javanese three
(which actually can be devided further into
nine) distinct varieties of ngoko,
madya,kromo
In multilingual community: STIBA’s students
speak javanese, indonesian, english,etc.