SAPTEC 2
Business Example
As an ABAP developer in an SAP system, you have extensive change authorizations. Therefore, an understanding of the data structure and the development and transport process between SAP systems is fundamental to your work
SAPTEC 3
Data Structure of SAP Systems
Client is a unit within an SAP system that is self-contained in terms of business, organization and data Has its own environment, master and transaction data, and user data Data in a client is known as client-specific data
Customizing is set up for each client Define the customer’s organizational structures, e.g. distribution
channels and company codes, and to set parameters for SAP transactions so that they reflect customer-specific processes
Repository is central store for all ABAP workbench development objects Also a cross-client Contain Dictionary objects (tables, data elements, domains) Repository objects are grouped to form packages which are containers
for semantically linked development objects (programs, tables, and so on)
SAPTEC 4
Data Structure of SAP Systems (cont’d)
SAPTEC 5
Changing and Adapting the Data Structure SAP may need to be adapted to company-specific requirements
when it is implemented The process of adapting the software is known as Customizing
Include both client-specific and cross-client settings Changes to Repository objects are not absolutely necessary for the
use of an SAP system. However, you can change individual objects that can be done in a variety ways: Customer development Customer enhancement Modification
SAPTEC 6
Changing and Adapting the Data Structure (cont’d)
Customer developments Create your own Repository objects e.g. tables, programs,
transactions, etc Take place in customer namespace All objects created by the customer have names from a specified
namespace; generally start with the letters Y or Z Customer enhancements
Add customer-specific objects to the Repository There are specific places in the coding, known as customer
exits, where you can supplement the SAP standard system with your own objects
Modifications Changes to SAP objects e.g. tables, and table definitions
SAPTEC 7
Changing and Adapting the Data Structure (cont’d)
SAPTEC 8
The Three-System Landscape
SAPTEC 9
Transport in the ABAP Environment
Transports are used to transfer objects developed by the customer, SAP programs, and SAP tables from one system to another
To move programs in a multi-system landscape, you need change requests
Work on Repository objects are transported and logged by the Transport Organizer (SE09 or SE10)
Transport Organizer automatically creates a task for this change request for every employee who is assigned to the change request
SAPTEC 10
Transport in the ABAP Environment
SAPTEC 11
Actions at Close of Development
When the development project is completed from the employee point of view, he or she releases his or her task
This transfers the objects in the task to the change request Once all team members have released their tasks, the development
leader can release the change request A change request therefore combines Repository objects that have
been created or changed during a development project Change requests can be transportable or local Once a request has been released the Repository objects are
copied from the source DB to a directory at OS level. Import into the target system is in general not automatic, but is
triggered by the transport administrator in the Transport Management System (TMS) (t-code: STMS)
The Repository are then copied from the central transport directory at the OS level to the target system DB
SAPTEC 12
Actions at Close of Development
SAPTEC 13
The Software Development Life Cycle
SAPTEC 14
The ABAP Language
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) The majority of the business applications of an SAP system are
written in ABAP An ABAP program consists of individual statements. Every
statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period
REPORT erster_report.
WRITE ‘My first ABAP report!’.
the keywords are REPORT and WRITE. The program displays a list. In this case, the list contains the line “My first ABAP report!”
SAPTEC 15
The ABAP Language
SAPTEC 16
The ABAP Workbench and Its Tools
You can use ABAP Workbench to write application programs
You can find ABAP Workbench in SAP Easy Access under Tools ABAP Workbench Development ABAP Editor (SE38) to write ABAP programs ABAP Dictionary (SE11) to define and describe tables, data
elements, lock objects, and so on Screen Editor (SE51 in the User Interface subdirectory) to
create interactive user interfaces Function Builder (SE37) to create and manage function
modules
SAPTEC 17
The ABAP Workbench and Its Tools
SE38
SE51SE37
SE11
SAPTEC 18
Accessing ABAP Source Code
SAPTEC 19
Creating ABAP Reports Using the ABAP Editor
SE38
SAPTEC 20
Creating Business Server Pages using the Object Navigator The Internet Communication Manager enables SAP
systems to communicate outside SAP environment using HTTP, HTTPS, and SMTP protocols
As of Web AS 6.10, work processes are able to directly create Web-enabled content that the ICM then transmits to the browser front end that sent the original request
You can develop this content called “Business Server Page applications” in the SAP system using Web Application Builder (SE80)
With BSP, you can use both ABAP and JavaScript as scripting languages
SAPTEC 21
Creating Business Server Pages using the Object Navigator
SAPTEC 22
ABAP Dictionary
ABAP Dictionary is a central component of the ABAP Workbench
Contain both business and technical definitions and descriptions of SAP data
Many tools of the ABAP Workbench constantly access the information of the ABAP Dictionary
ABAP Dictionary enables all data definitions used in the SAP system to be described and managed centrally
SAPTEC 23
ABAP Dictionary