International Atomic Energy Agency
Safety Culture Assessment for Safety Culture Assessment for Design OrganizationsDesign Organizations
Christer ViktorssonSection Head
Nuclear Installations Safety Division
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy AgencyInternational Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
• “Atoms for Peace”• Established in 1957• 143 Member States• 2,200 staff• Three Pillars:
•• SafeguardsSafeguards•• Safety and SecuritySafety and Security•• Nuclear TechnologyNuclear Technology
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Safety StandardsSafety Standards
• Rigorous process of development and approval
• Comprehensive suite of standards published
• Safety standards recognized internationally as a reference point for the high safety level required for nuclear activities
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SAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHYSAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHY
Safety GuidesSafety Guides
Safety RequirementsSafety Requirements
Safety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals
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STRUCTURE OF THE STANDARDSSTRUCTURE OF THE STANDARDS
Safety of nuclear facilities
Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources
Safe management of radioactive waste
Safe transport of radioactive material
General safety (cross-cutting themes)
Legal and governmental infrastructure
Emergency preparedness and response
Management systems
Assessment and verification
Site evaluation
Radiation protection
Radioactive waste management
Decommissioning
Remediation of contaminated areas
Thematic standards
Nuclear power plants: design
Radiation related facilities and activities
Research reactors
Fuel cycle facilities
Waste treatment and disposal facilities
Transport of radioactive material
Facilities specific standards
Safety Fundamentals
Nuclear power plants: operation
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IAEA Safety StandardsIAEA Safety StandardsSafety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals
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IAEA Safety Standards and Review ServicesIAEA Safety Standards and Review Services
• Protecting People and the Environment
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Operational Safety
IAEA Safety Review ServicesIAEA Safety Review Services
Safety Culture Regulatory Effectiveness
Engineering and Technical Safety
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SCART METHODOLOGYSCART METHODOLOGY
• SCART (Safety Culture Assessment Review Team) is a Safety Review Service, which is directly based on IAEA Safety Standards
• The assessment variables are attributes of the five safety culture characteristics in the Standards
• The attributes are formulated as requirements to a specific performance aspect of a nuclear facility
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IAEA SAFETY CULTURE CHARACTERISTICSIAEA SAFETY CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS
Safety CultureCharacteristics
Safety is a clearly recognized value
Accountability for safety is clear
Safety is integrated into all activities
Leadership for safety is strong
Safety culture is learning-driven
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SCARTSCART-- Examples of AttributesExamples of Attributes
• Safety is a clearly recognized value• “The organization designs to accepted
industry standards”• “Human factors issues are considered in the
design process”• Leadership for safety is clear
• “Management is clearly committed to safety”• “Management assures that there is sufficient
and competent staff”
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SCARTSCART-- Examples of AttributesExamples of Attributes
• Accountability for safety is clear• “The is high level of compliance with
regulations and procedures”• Safety is learning-driven
• “Questioning attitude prevails at all organizational levels”
• Safety is integrated into all activities• “The design process considers nuclear,
occupational and environmental safety
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SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––A COMPANY IN CHANGEA COMPANY IN CHANGE
• PBMR is a South African Company• Young and dynamic company, designing
a “first of a kind” pebble bed reactor• Significant and rapid expansion of staff• A delivery organization with high
workload and tight schedule• New technology but proven fuel design• Will be both reactor vendor and fuel
fabrication facility
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SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. --CLIENT REQUIREMENTS TO SCARTCLIENT REQUIREMENTS TO SCART
• The most important client requirements, which lead to the selection of IAEA as safety culture reviewer were:• Measurable and transparent approach,
described in SCART Guidelines• Assessment method is directly related to
IAEA Safety Standards• Independent and non-commercial approach• Based in interviews, observations and
document review
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SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY
TO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONSTO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS• The SCART assessment process was
specifically tailored to recognize:• The broader context within which PBMR Ltd. is operating• Constraints in winning suitably qualified and experienced
staff• Challenges in timescales for delivery committed to
stakeholders
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SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY
TO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONSTO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS
• Instead of on “operational safety’ the analysis was oriented towards understanding the role of safety culture for “safe design”
• In addition to the attributes in the Standards, specific attributes for design organizations were developed
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SCART TEAM COMPOSITIONSCART TEAM COMPOSITION
• The SCART review team included 8 experts
• Behavioural scientists, management reviewers as well as nuclear engineering/design specialists
• One expert with particular knowledge in the pebble bed nuclear reactor technology
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SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––EXAMPLES OF IDENTIFIED STRENGTHSEXAMPLES OF IDENTIFIED STRENGTHS
• Clear commitment to safety in mission statement and practice
• Leadership for safety in PBMR Ltd. has many strengths, management is clearly committed to safe design
• Strong informal leaders support safe design• Staff are convinced that safety and success
go hand in hand• PBMR Ltd. is made of people who have
strong beliefs in safety, wishing to create a safe design
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SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
• SCART made a number of recommendations related to• open and effective communication • strategy and procedures for organizational
change• definition of roles, responsibilities and
accountability• learning systematically from experience• licensing issues• recruitment and training
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WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER THE SCART MISSION (1)THE SCART MISSION (1)
• Workshop implementation strategy was developed by the Executive Committee
• Workshop interventions were launched at Quarterly Leadership Meetings• Ensuring buy-in and integration with PBMR Ltd. Business Plan• Identifying an Executive Committee sponsor and Issuing Lead
for each• Assigning selected items to the Safety Culture Steering Group• Allowing for Support Team and staff participation• Giving regular feedback to Leadership Forum and Executive
Committee
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WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER THE SCART MISSION (2)THE SCART MISSION (2)
• Safety Culture Steering Group was established• Facilitating implementation of the recommendations and
suggestions through the Quality Improvement Process (QIR)• Implementing a Safety Culture Enhancement Programme
throughout the whole company
• A follow-up mission will be conducted in 2008
International Atomic Energy Agency…Thank you for your attention