ROCKS AND MINERALS
HOW ROCKS FORM
•SCIENCE ROCKS!!!!
MINERALS
CHARACTERISTICS
www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/min_intro.html&edu=high
AMETHYST (QUARTZ)
• Naturally occuring
www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/mineral_id1.html&edu=hig
ROSE QUARTZ
WHITE QUARTZSMOKY QUARTZ
• Inorganic
www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/min_types.html&edu=high
FOOLS GOLD
IRON PYRITE
• Solid
www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/silicates2.html&edu=high
• Definite crystalline shape
http://www.yuprocks.com/alist/amethyst3.shtml
• Definite chemical composition: 1 or more elements
http://www.yuprocks.com/glist/garnet5.shtml
MOST COMMON MINERALS
Silicates: 96%
Carbonates
Oxides
http://www.yuprocks.com/clist/calcite3.shtml
http://www.yuprocks.com/elist/epidote5.shtml
http://www.yuprocks.com/blist/beryl1.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond
ROCK
Made up of 2 or more minerals
IGNEOUS ROCK
http://mineral.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.htm
IGNEOUS ROCK
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
• Which type of rock would have formed first on the original crust?
• Igneous
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHICROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
Magma
Sediments
High TemperatureHigh Pressure
Melting
Cooling Crystallization
Weathering Erosion
Lithification(compaction & cementation)
Examples: sandstoneShalelimestone
Examples:slatemarblegniessquartzite
Examples: granitebasaltpumice
Examples: sandsiltclay
ROCK CYCLE
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
• In your own words, describe how each type of rock could turn into each of the other types of rock.
calcite
shells
limestone
marble
deposition
lithification
High heat & pressure
silicate
sand
sandstone
quartzite
deposition
lithification
High heat & pressure
silicate
clay silt
shale
slate
deposition
lithification
High heat & pressure
magma
Granite
gneiss
Cooling & Crystallization
High heat & pressure
Mineral grains aligned in thick layers (foliation); less than 50%
magma
Granite
schist
Cooling & Crystallization
High heat & pressure
Mineral grains aligned into thin layers (foliation); 50% or more
basaltgreen stone
Green schist
Cooling & Crystallization
heat & pressure
More heat & pressure
EXTRUSIVE (cools quickly)
INTRUSIVE (cools slowly)