The statements contained herein are based on good faith assumptions and provided for general information purposes only. These statements do not constitute an offer, promise, warranty or guarantee of performance. Actual results may vary depending on certain events or conditions. This document should not be used or relied upon for any purpose other than that intended by Boeing.
RNP AR APCH Approvals: An Operator’s Perspective
Presented to: ICAO Introduction to Performance Based Navigation Seminar
Jeff RobertsSenior Manager
Navigation Services
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ICAO PBN Standards – RNP AR APCH
Navigation specifications
RNAV RNP
RNP 4OceanicRemote
RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV1Route
Terminal
RNP10OceanicRemote
Basic-RNP1RNP APCH
RNP AR APCHvarious phases
RNPAdditional
requirement 3D & 4D
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RNP AR Approach Enabling Features
R
R
2 RNP
2 RNP
2 R
NP
2 R
NP
STEP 2:Locate Turn Center
STEP 1:
SegmentInitialFix
a=Rb=R+(2xRNP)c=R-(2xRNP)
SegmentTerminating
Fix
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
a
b
c
Tangent Points
Tangent Points
Apply para 2-2
Radius to Fix (RF) Segments Vertical Error Budget & Guided Missed Approach
Narrow Segments
Narrow lateral linear segments(RNP-0.3 or less with no secondary buffers)
Curved segments anywhere along the approach(Radius-to-fix legs with shorter leg lengths)
Guided, narrower turns on missed approaches(Radius-to-fix legs, and RNP-1 or less)
Performance-based Vertical Buffers(Vertical Error Budget )
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Why Do Airline Operators Want RNP?
• Improved safety
• Decreased operating costs
• Increased schedule integrity
• Reduced environmental impact
• Increased revenue
Reduced inter-arrival spacing
Options for sequencing
More efficient routing via paths of specified width
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Key Considerations for Obtaining RNP AR APCH Operational Approval
• Airline operational requirements specified by state regulations–Navigation Specification does not
constitute authorization,–Aircraft certified by state of manufacture–Operators authorized by state of registry
• RNP AR Approach operational approval from regulatory agency–RNP AR APCH operational approval similar
to Cat II and Cat III ILS approval• Airline shows it meets standards for:
–Equipment, training documentation, operations manuals and checklists, safety and MEL considerations
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Successful RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Requires All The Elements Be In Place
Airport & FacilityCapability
RegulatoryCapability
X X
AirlineCapability
X
Airplane Capability
Air TrafficCapability
X
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Regulatory Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• Procedure criteria• Operations requirements• Approval process
• ICAO Performance Based Navigation Manual
RegulatoryCapability
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Airport and Facility Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• GPS availability– RNP AR approaches are only
authorized based on GNSS as the primary Navaid infrastructure
• Location / Characteristics of Runway
• Airport data - ICAO Annex 15–Terrain–Obstacles
Airport & FacilityCapability
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Air Traffic Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• To implement RNP Operations the airline must have access to RNP flight procedures
–Public Procedures–Airline In-house–Third party contract,
– e.g. Jeppesen• Air Traffic Control
–ATC procedures–Controller training–Automation tools
Air TrafficCapability
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• In-service and new purchase airplanes must be configured properly to ensure capability– Certified min RNP– System integrity/alert– Operation continuity
Airplane Capability
Airplane Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
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Airline Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
Application package• Airlines must develop detailed application
packages demonstrating RNP AR APCH requirements are met (RNP 0.30 or less)
• ICAO PBN Manual–Working Draft 5.1 – Final–Volume II – “Implementing RNAV and RNP”, –Part C – Implementing RNP”, –Chapter 6 – “Implementing RNP AR APCH”
• Qualified aircraft• Navigation database validation• Crew operating procedures • Airline dispatch procedures • Training• Monitoring and Reporting
AirlineCapability
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RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Process from Operator Perspective
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required
Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight
Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR
Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
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Step 1 Project Planning – Plan
• Select project manager• Define project objectives and requirements• Map out a long term vision of goals • Read and understand the appropriate
regulatory requirements• Assess company capabilities and needs• Define project plan and schedule• Collect airport information, if required
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Step 1: Project Planning – Analyze
• Perform cost-benefit analysis– Understand and quantify the potential
benefits of RNP operation– Define the costs to achieve RNP operation
capability and approval • Perform capability - gap analysis
– Determine what resources are required to perform the program plan
– Match this with company capabilities– Develop plan to meet shortfalls
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Step 1 Project Planning – Do
• Build a core team with skills required for success
• Explain the project plan, tasks and responsibilities
• Core team members should commit their availability for project duration
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Assemble teams to accomplish technical elements of plan
• Typical Team Structure:– Core Supervisory Team– Procedures Team– Aircraft Team– Operations Team– Training Team
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Step 1: Project Planning – Review and Refine Plan
• Review project plan with key stakeholders, including regulator
• Refine project plan as appropriate• Key Considerations
– Most project plans require change and adjustments
– Understand and prepare for change– Build time into schedule for
unscheduled events
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation -Key Tasks
• Conduct feasibility study– Choose design criteria*– Estimate approach minima
• Design RNP Procedures:– Build procedures that comply with project plan– Evaluate data integrity, FMS coding and PBN
compliance– Validate procedures through simulation and
regulatory guidance– Demonstrate procedures as part of validation
flight, if required
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required
• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required
For Training Purposes Only
* RNP AR APCH Design Critieria in ICAO RNP AR Procedure Design Manual
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Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval – Example Contents
Navigation Database Validation
Flight Operations / Operation Specifications
Training Program Revisions
Maintenance Procedure Revisions
Aircraft and System Qualification
Operational Safety Assessment
Regulatory Compliance
Airport and Facility Considerations
Air Traffic Coordination
RNP Operations Monitoring
Airline Validation Plan
Minimum Equipment List Revision
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval
• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual / checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
Example contents for “Application Package for Operational Approval for RNP Operations”
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Flight Operations / Operation Specifications
Documents conditions and limitations for RNP AR APCH approval, e.g.
• Qualifications and limitations–flight crews, –flight operations–dispatchers
• Standard procedures for conducting RNP operations–Use of checklists to standardize
actions and ensure safety• RNP Prediction
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Aircraft and Systems Qualification
• Documents airplane model and equipment compliance with applicable regulatory basis requirements. – ensures airplane equipage is suitable for level of
RNP desired– Multi-sensor navigation system characteristics
– Accuracy– Integrity– Continuity of Service
– Flight plan waypoint sequencing– Leg Type required (RF added)
– Flight guidance functions– Lateral and vertical path tracking capability
– Barometric VNAV performance requirements• Information typically provided by aircraft
manufacturer
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Navigation Database Validation
• Document system operation to ensure data is always right– Airline Internal Processes for
Quality Assurance of Navigation Database– Validation of data base content– Specific AR APCH procedures
review• Approved Navigation Database
Source – Provider must “comply with
EUROCAE ED-76 / RTCA DO-200A, or equivalent approved procedures”
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Training Program Revisions
• Documents training program and training (ground and flight) received by flight crews, dispatchers and maintenance personnel that support the conduct of RNP AR instrument procedures.
– RNP based flight operations concept– Characteristic of RNP Instrument Approach– Airplane Systems Requirements
– Alerting and actions required– Dispatch Requirements– Minimum Equipment Requirements
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Operational Safety Assessment
• Documents that the RNP operation is safely implemented in a State’s particular CNS/ATM environment
– Assessment of Normal Operations– Assessment of Rare-Normal and
Abnormal Performance – Operational Mitigations
– Airplane Systems– Flight Crew performance– Infrastructure
– Assessment Methodology– Statistical analysis
• ICAO Flight Operations Safety Assessment (FOSA)
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Airline Validation Plan
• Document plan for demonstrating to the regulator that have operationally incorporated the elements required for RNP AR operations.
• The validation plan should accomplish the following objectives:– Demonstrate the aircraft capability to
perform RNP SAAAR approaches– Demonstrate the applicant’s operational
and dispatch procedures– Demonstrate the effectiveness of the
applicant’s training programs
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Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval – Regulatory Review
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval
• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
• Operator demonstrates to Regulator:– The processes defined in applicant
package are the processes used by the Operator
– This check is specific and detailed– These events can be audited
• Key Considerations:– All the pieces of the applicant package
must fit together and be explained in this context
– Document management
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Step 4: Operation Implementation and Validation – Key Considerations
• Develop training documentation and programs for flight crews, dispatchers, and maintenance personnel
• Perform training• Perform and document Safety Assessment• Perform operation validation flight
– Demonstrate to regulator the operator’s capability to perform the type of RNP operations for which requesting approval
Preflight:Dispatch Paperwork
PostflightData Collection and Reporting
Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation
• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight
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Step 5: Operational Approval Process and Implementation
• Coordinate events with regulator• The regulatory approval for RNP AR
APCH operations will specify the:– Type of procedures authorized – Lowest navigation accuracy
authorization permitted– Equipment configurations for use– Crew procedures to be used
Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation
• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR
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Destination – RNPRNP AR APCH Approval GRANTED
*China Eastern Airlines – Total RNP solution provided by one integrated Boeing team
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Summary: Obtaining Regulatory Approval for RNP AR APCH Operations
• Desired results require cooperation between regulator, air traffic service provider, operator and airplane manufacturer
• Follow the project plan– Plan for and expect change.– Include regulator as key team
member from the beginning – Insight into what needs to be
accomplished• Consider the need for 3rd party
assistance in achieving your operational goals
Successful RNP Implementation Requires All The Elements Be Put In Place
= safe and efficient RNP operations
Airport & FacilityCapability
RegulatoryCapability
X X
AirlineCapability
X
Airplane Capability
Air TrafficCapability
X
Airport & FacilityCapability
RegulatoryCapability
X X
AirlineCapability
X
Airplane Capability
Air TrafficCapability
X
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required
Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight
Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR
Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
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Boeing Support for Airline RNP Operations
• Brief RNP concepts to Airlines and Regulatory Authorities
• Communicate the operational value of RNP Operations
• Provide technical documentation for airplane systems qualification
• Develop a retrofit plan for in-service fleet (if required)• Ops Approval Consulting FAA AC 90-101* / ICAO PBN
Note: * Boeing has been qualified by the FAA to assist operators in preparing for the AC 90-101 application process. The use of this service should result in an expedited approval process.