Riverside forest at the river corridor Lech
Riverside forest at the river corridor Lech
Important for the development of societies
Elevation above the river and the water level
Speed of fluid
Suspend matter
Succession of habitats that depend on the type of substratum
Succession of habitats that depend on the type of substratum
Stones and gravel SandSilt, clay, influence
of groundwater
Salici Myricarietum Salici Myricarietum Salici Myricarietum
Erico Pinetum sylvestris
Pinetum sylvestris with Alnus incanus
Salici Alnetum
Salicetum development
Erico-Molino-Pinetum
Salicetum typicum
Salicetum with moss and lichens
development
Succession of habitats that depend on the type of substratum
Habitats that depend on type on aggregation of materials
Deposit Accrete Subside
Riverbed gravel Sand, fluiding water Sludge, standing water
Agrostis alba societyHeleocharis-Limosella
societyNuphar society
Salix bushes Salix bushes Phalaridetum
Salicetum albae Deep Salicetum albae Salix bushes
High Salicetum albae Deep Salicetum
High Alnetum incanae Deep Alnetum
Fraxinus excelsioris Deep Fraxino – Quercetum
Fraxinus – Ulmus – Quercus forest
Habitats that depend on type on aggregation of materials
Connection between the development of soil and vegetation
Regressive naturally development near the river Anthropogenic degradations
Softwood riverside-forest have a fast pass through succession Hardwood forests – succession slower
Habitats that depend on type of soil and elevation
Typical of soil SocietiesDuration of
succession phase
Brown lime – forest soilGalio Quercetum
Galio Carpinetum4000-5000a
Mull-lime
Riverside soilFraxino Ulmetum 4000a
Grey brown lime soilAlnetum incanae
Loniceretosum with Malinia100a
Grey lime soil Alnetum incanae loniceretosum 50a
Light grey lime soil Alnetum incanae typicum 25a
Rough lime soil Salicetum albo-fragilis 25a
Rough soils
Alluvial lithosolSenecio fluviatilis 5a
Habitats that depend on type on aggregation of materials
Water engraved 1,5 m deeper as a consequence of barriers and dams
Periodical sedimentation of the river decreased; degradation started
Restoration of the river started (2001 Natura 2000 status)
Examples of pioneer societies
1.) Epilobietum fleischeri
With dominant herbs: Linaria alpina Saxifraga aizoides Anthlyllis vulneraria Cerastium pedunculatum
Examples of pioneer societies
1.) Epilobietum fleischeri
Frequently moved gravel Sand banks Glacial drifts with an annual influence of the river
dynamic Result of alteration of deposits and accretes
Examples of pioneer societies
2.) Myricario - Chondrilletum
With dominant plants: Chondrilla chondrilloides Dryas octopetala Myricaria germanica Salix purpurea Salix elaeagnos
Examples of pioneer societies
2.) Myricario - Chondrilletum
Annually flooded gravel banks Nutrient – poor soil Provides the stabilization of soil
Examples of pioneer societies
3.) Salici Myricarietum
Dominated by: Myricaria germanica Salix purpurea Salix elaeagnos Pinus sylvestris
Examples of pioneer societies
3.) Salici Myricarietum
Gravel banks Basic and nutrient poor soil Endures overflooding and overthrowing Starts to settle only on silt 0,5 – 1,5 m above the middle water line
Examples of pioneer societies
4.) Salicetum elaeagno purpureae
Dominated plants here: Alnus incana Salix elaeagnos Salix purpurea Rubus caesium Chaerophyllum hirsutum
Examples of pioneer societies
4.) Salicetum elaeagno purpureae
On higher sites of river foodplaines2,5 m above the middle water lineNot periodical floodedSandy soil with a fine humus layer
Examples of following societies
5.) Softwood riverside forest Growing on the middle course – on fine-grained alluvial plaines Occasional flooded
rich on nutrients
a.) at the middle water line:Salicetum triandro – viminalis
b.) above the middle water line:Salicetum albo-fragilis
Examples of following societies
6.) Alnetum incanae
On chalky soil with good ventilation
Above the middle water line
Examples of following societies
7.) Fraxino – Ulmetum
On deep, nutrient-poorloamy soils
Only flooded by extreme high water