Wall-to-wall mapping of forest resources in Denmark
Thomas Nord-LarsenTorben Riis-Nielsen Patrik Karlsson NyedMathias Bo Ottosen
Remote sensing and Forest Management Planning in Denmark
Laser scanning 2014-15
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Equipment
Airplane Fixed wing
Scanner Riegel LMS-680i
Flight specifications
Flying height 680 AGL
Flying speed 130 kts (240 km/h)
Side-lap (LiDAR) 30% (wrt 60 degrees FOV)
Strip distance 550 m
Minimum altitude 650 m AGL
Maximum altitude 710 m AGL
LiDAR
Scan angle (half) 30 degrees (60 degrees full)
Scanner pulse rate 400 kHz
Mirror frequency 152 lines /sec
Point density 4.6 points/m2
Horizontal accuracy 0.15 m
Vertical accuracy 0.05 m
GPS Base stations
Permanent stations Yes
Mobile stations No
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Remote sensing data
NFI data
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Species
type
Plots Canopy
height
Growing
stock
Above-ground
biomass
Total
biomass
dm m3/ha tons/ha tons/ha
Total 2334 177 198.3 106.3 129.1
86 182.1 97.8 118.9
Mixed 883 165 173.6 92.1 111.8
90 170.0 89.1 107.9
Broadleaf 823 203 232.8 130.1 159.1
85 195.3 113.0 137.5
Conifer 628 160 187.6 94.9 114.2
74 173.9 80.7 97.9
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Combining NFI data with remote sensing data
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Modelling forest resources
10/10/2017 6
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Piece of cake?
• Huge amounts of data • 407 billion points = 8,7 points/m2 = >15 TB
• 92 billion points in forest = 14,5 points/m2
• Errors in LIDAR-data (date, format etc.)
• Ground truth data cleaning. • harvest and incomplete measurement, chimney smoke etc.
• The learning process: holes in the map• Below seawater level
• Errors in ground model (Bornholmian bump)
• Flight line gaps (angles)
• First version: 120 days of error-free PC time.
• Second version: 90 days of error-free PC time.
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Management planning at Frederiksdal 2014
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Forest management planning at estate level
Forest management planning at estate level
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Forest management planning at estate level
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Forest management planning at estate level
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Forest management planning at estate level
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Compartment Litra Harvest My estimate LiDAR estimate
23 e 113,0 120,0 932,8
24 d 180,6 287,0 166,6
40 c295,8 (+40) 399,0 339,5
41 f 69,3 56,0 80,8
41f
40c
Conclusions
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It damn well works!
Management planning with the new forestmap
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Forest inventory using airborne laser scanning in structurally rich forestsBachelorprojekt, Kristian Skau BjerreskovSkov- og Landskabsingeniøruddannelsen hold 2017
• Who to blame?
• NFI-method or ALS?
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Management plan for Hvilsom Plantage2017-2026 and the forest resource map’s capacity as
a taxation toolBachelorprojekt, Simon Tofte Lorentzen, 2017.Institut for Geovidenskab og Naturforvaltning
10/10/2017 17
• Conclusions:
• Useful as a management tool
• Overall: -1,6%
• Broadleaf: +11%
• Conifer: -3%
• Problems with small stands
204 ha skov
10/10/2017 18
• Developing methods for forest segmentation
• Developing/testing methods for species recognition
• Developing indicators of biodiversity with LiDAR
• Detecting individual trees from high density laser scanning
• ... and many, many more...