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Quran & Scientific Facts

One of the more popular aspects of the i'jaaz (the miraculous nature) of the Qur'aan in these

times concerns its comments on aspects of science that the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his people

could not have known about. There are a number of books written about this topic, perhaps the mostpopular being Maurice Bucaille's The Bible, Qur'an, and Science1 It should be rememberedhowever, that the Qur'aan is not meant to be a book primarily devoted to a discussion of 'science', butrather a book that is meant for the guidance of mankind. As such, any references to subjects of ascientific nature are typically brief and not very descriptive. The i'jaaz, however appears in the fact thateven in these limited descriptions, the Qur'aan conforms exactly to modern science, and impartsknowledge that was unknown during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him). These descriptionsare free from retroactive ideas that plagued humanity from the earliest of times, such as the concept thatthe Earth is stationary, and all the other planets and stars rotate around it.

There are numerous examples of such verses, such as the description of the formation of humanlife. The sperm of man is referred to as a 'mixture of liquids' (76:2), since the sperm is composed ofvarious secretions from the testicles, the seminal vesicles, the prostate and other glands. From the

literally millions of sperms produced and ejaculated, only one sperm is actually used in the fertilizationprocess - a very small quantity. This is referred to in a number of verses by the word 'nutfah' (75:37)

which signifies a small quantity of mixed fluid. the sperm then hoins the female egg and forms thezygote. This occurs in the mother's womb, a 'safe lodging' (23:13). (see Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 - WebEd.). ...

During the delivery process, the passage of the baby from the mother's womb to the outside world

occurs through the birth canal. Typically, this canal is extremely narrow and tight. However, shortlybefore the birth, certain changes occur, including the release of certain hormones, the contractions ofthe uterus, and the breakage of the 'bag of water' surrounding the baby, all of which contribute tomaking the canal loose. This is referred to in 80:20, "then We made the passage (though the birthcanal) easy."

Perhaps the best way to appreciate the beauty of the above verses is to see pictures of the humanembryo as it goes through the various stages of development...(see Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 - WebEd)

The vivid yet simple descriptions given in these verses (i.e. 22:5) were unknown to the people of theProphet's time, demonstrating the i'jaaz of the Qur'aan in Science.

Other facts that are given in the Qur'aan include the description of the formation of milk (16:66),the notion oforbits for the planets (21:33 and 36:40), and the description of the water cycle(15:22, 35:9 and more). Every verse that discusses nature and the creation falls into this category. Inmany verses, Allah Himself commands mankind to ponder over the creation, and mentions these as anindication of His Existence and Power. (3:190-191)

One final note on the concept of science as an i'jaaz of the Qur'aan: There can never be a realcontradictions between the Qur'aan and the Laws ofAllah concerning the creation (i.e. actual science).The Qur'aan is the Book ofAllah, and since it is from Allah "there is no doubt in it" (2:1)

Likewise, the laws that govern the creation are also from Allah. What is studied as 'science', on theother hand, is the attempt by man to understand the creation and laws ofAllah. Therefore it is possiblefro a scientific assumption to be incorrect, and this is clearly demonstrated by historically scientific 'facts'

as the Earth being flat, or the orbiting of the Sun around the Earth. These concepts were believed to in sostrongly by the 'scientists' of their time that, on occasion, those who opposed them were harassed andeven killed. Yet, later scientists discovered the inaccuracy of these concepts.

Therefore, when there is a conflict between the meaning of a clear, explicit verse (meaning qat'ee ad-dalaalah) of the Qur'aan and 'modern' science. a Muslim must take the verse of the Qur'aan - without

hesitation - over any scientific 'fact'. A rejection of such a verse, or even the apparent meaning of such averse, would be tantamount to a rejection ofAllah's knowledge. For example, the theory of evolution is,for the most part, agreed upon by the majority of non-Muslim scholars. Whether there is strong proof toback up the theory or not is irrelevant - the Qur'aan is clear that Allah created Adam from His own

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Hands, and "From him He created his mate, and from these two He spread forth many men andwomen" (4:1)

Therefore a Muslim can never believe in the theory that men are descendants of apes, no matter what"proof" might seem to exist.2 Neither is it allowed, as some Muslim rationalists have done, to try tointerpret clear Qur'aanic texts to suit modern theories. Following the above example, to try to interpretthe story of the creation of Adam and Eve as actually having been the creation of some Neanderthalneo-human species is almost as blasphemous as rejecting the verse in the first place!

It is possible, however, for there to be an apparent conflict between a verse and a scientific fact, whenno such conflict exists. This occurs when some scholars take one of the possible linguistic meanings of a

vers, such that this meaning conforms with the verse, but is not the only meaning that may be derivedfrom it (basically, the verse is dhannee ad-dalaalah). For example some scholars have understood certainverses of the Qur'aan (e.g., "And it is He who has spread out the Earth" (13:3), and (15:9)) toindicate that the Earth is flat, since the phrase 'madd' occurs, which means 'to spread out'. However, thisverse is not explicit in stating taht the Earth is flat, and to conclude this from the above verse requires adegree of interpretation. Since there exists clear proof that the Earth is not flat, this interpretation mustbe rejected. The meaning of the verse, therefore, is that Allah has created this Earth as a very vast placefor mankind, and not that the Earth is flat (This principle may also apply to the verse 'baynas sulbi wattaraaib" in soorah At-Taariq referring to semen and interpreted as "coming forth from between thebackbone and the ribs or breastbone" - Web Ed).

Also, it is essential that scientific facts are not read in where they do not exist. Unfortunately, this has

become an all too common trend among 'modernistic' Muslims who have specialised in science, but arenot very familiar with the interpretation of the Qur'aan.3 Once again, the Qur'aan "...is a book ofguidance...and not a book of science, nor a mine of cryptic notes on scientific facts."4

For example, many people interpret the following verse as a prediction of space travel by man:

O assembly of Men and Jinns! If you have opower to pass through the zones of the Heavensand Earth - then pass! But you will never be able to pass them except with authority (fromAllah) (55:33)

However, a look at the next verse, and the authentic tafseers of Ibn Katheer and At-Tabaree, willshow that this verse is in reference to the jinns listening to the whispers of the angels in the Heaven (orto the Resurrection of the creation on the Day of Judgment), and not to inter-galactic travel!

In conclusion, although the scientific aspect of the Qur'aan is one of the aspects of it's i'jaaz, it mustbe put in its proper place, and a proper methodology needs to be followed in order to extract examples ofsuch verses. It does more harm than good when certain verses int he Qur'aan are 'bent overbackwards,' so as to say, to seek to prove that they contain certain implied scientific facts. One onlyneeds to read works in which this methodology was followed to see how ludicrous the conclusions are.(For example, Muhammad Rasheed Ridaa (d. 1935), one of the founders of the 'Modernist' movement,claimed that the 'Jinns' that the Qur'aan was referring to actually alluded to the discovery of disease-arraying microbes!) When such facts are clear and explicit from the verse, they should be mentioned(such as the examples quoted above - and in this book, inshaa-allah), but when they go against the

intent and meaning of the verse, they should be abandoned.

Edited excerpt from "An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'aan" by Abu Amaar Yasir Qhadhi

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H o w t o B e co m e M u s l im

I f a n y o n e h a s a r e a l d e s i r e t o b e a M u s l i m a n d h a s f u l l c o n v i c t i o n a n d s t r o n g b e l i e f t h a t I s la m i s t h e t r u e r e l i g i o n o r d a i n e d b y A l la h ( SW T ) f o r

a l l h u m a n b e i n g s , t h e n , o n e sh o u l d p r o n o u n c e t h a t " Sh a h a d a " ( T h e

t e s t i m o n y o f f a i t h ) w i t h o u t f u r t h e r d e l a y .T h e Sh a h a d a c a n b e d e c l a r e d a s f o l lo w s :

' ' A SH - H A DU A N LA A I L A H A I LLA A L LA H , W A A SH H A DU A N N A

MUHAMMADA N A B DUHU W A R A SUU LUH . " T h e En g l i sh t r a n s l a t i o n i s :

" I b e a r w i t n e ss t h a t t h e r e is n o d e i t y w o r t h y t o b e w o r s h ip p e d b u t

A l l ah , an d I b e a r w i t n e ss t h e M u h am m a d i s H is s er v a n t a n d m e s s e n g e r . ' '

H o w e v e r , i t w o u l d n o t b e s u f f i ci e n t f o r a n y o n e t o u t t e r o n l y t h i s

t e s t im o n y o r a l ly e i t h e r i n p r i v a t e o r i n p u b l ic , b u t r a t h e r , o n e s h o u l d

b e l ie v e i n i t b y h e a r t w i t h a f i rm c o n v i c t i o n w i t h t h e t e a c h i n g s o f I s la m

i n a l l h is l i f e h e w i l l f in d h im s e l f a n e w b o r n p e r s o n , ( o r n e w m a n ) .

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