Product: Isosorbide
+ 2 H2O
Sorbitol Isosorbide
Name Empirical Formula Mol. Weight
Sorbitol C6H14O6 182 Liquid
Isosorbide C6H10O4 146 Solid
Water 2H2O 36 Liquid
Product: Isosorbide Flow Diagram
2.5 kg Sorbitol 70% solution 1.08 kg Isosorbide
0.02 kg p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid 1.1 kg water to ETP
0.01 kg Sodium acetate anhydrous 0.35 kg distillation residue to CHWTSDF
5000 L SS, 170-220 C
1.08 kg Isosorbide 1 kg Isosorbide (Product)
0.05 litres Methanol 0.12 kg ML to ETP
48” SS Centrifuge Equipment Washing: 2 litres per kg
dehydration
p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid
Dehydration Distillation
Washing Centrifuging
Production capacity: 5 MT/month
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in KL per month
Quantity in KL per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 3.22 kg 16.1 0.536 To ETP
Distillation Residue Solid 0.35 kg 1.75 0.058 To CHWTSDF
Gaseous emissions Water vapour 0.10 kg 0.5 0.017 To atmosphere
Equipment and Utilities:
1. 5000 L SS Distillation Unit 2. Thermopack: 250000 kcal/hr 3. 48” SS Centrifuge
Product: Diluted Isosorbide Dinitrate
+ 2 H2O
Sorbitol Isosorbide
2HNO3
Lactose
+ 2 H2O Diluted Isosorbide Dinitrate Blending
Isosorbide Dinitrate
Name Empirical Formula Mol. Weight
Sorbitol C6H14O6 182 Liquid
Isosorbide C6H10O4 146 Solid
Nitric Acid HNO3 63 Liquid
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 98 Liquid
Isosorbide Dinitrate C6H8N2O8 236 Solid
H2SO4
dehydration
p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid
Product: Diluted Isosorbide Dinitrate Flow Diagram (Pure
Product- 6 MT/M)
2.5 kg Sorbitol 70% solution 1.08 kg Isosorbide
0.02 kg p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid 1.1 kg water to ETP
0.01 kg Sodium acetate anhydrous 0.35 kg distillation residue to CHWTSDF
5000 L SS, 170-220 C
1.08 kg Isosorbide 1 kg Isosorbide
0.05 litres Methanol 0.12 kg ML to ETP
48” SS Centrifuge
1 kg Isosorbide 0.1 kg vapor loss to scrubber
2 kg HNO3 70% + 0.25 kg HNO3 98%
4 kg Sulphuric Acid Reaction Mass
800 L SS, 5-15 C
36.05 kg Sulphuric Acid + 30 litres water Unreacted isosorbide and Su Nitric Acid + Water to ETP
2500 L SS, 10-15 C 1.1 kg ISDN Crude
1 kg ISDN pure
0.66 kg Acetone 10.76 kg Effluent to ETP
10 litres water
2500 L SS, Ambient, 50 C
ISDN pure Diluted Isosorbide
Lactose Dinitrate
SS Pulverizer and Mixer
Equipment washings: 10 litres per kg of product
Dehydration Distillation
Washing Centrifuging
Nitration
Precipitation Washing &
drying
Purification & Drying
Pulverizing Blending
Production capacity: 15 MT/month of Diluted Isosorbide Dinitrate (6 MT/M Pure Product)
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in KL per month
Quantity in KL per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 58.03 kg 348.18 11.60 To ETP (15% TDS)
Distillation Residue Solid 0.35 kg 2.1 0.07 To CHWTSDF
Gaseous emissions Water vapour + reaction vapours
0.10 kg 0.6 0.02 To scrubber
Equipment and Utilities: 1. 5000 L SS Distillation Unit 2. Thermopack: 250000 kcal/hr 3. 48” SS Centrifuge 4. 800 L SS Reactor 5. 10 TR Chiller (Glycol) 6. 2500 L SS Reactor 7. SS Dryer 8. SS Pulverizer 9. SS Mixer 10. Steam boiler: 200 kg/hr 11. Nutch filter
Product: Diluted Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate
+ 2 H2O
Sorbitol Isosorbide
CH3COONa (CH3CO)2O
HNO3 (CH3CO)2O
Isosorbide-2-Acetate-5-Nitrate + CH3COOH Isosorbide-2-Acetate
+ CH3COOH
NaOH CH3ONa
Lactose Diluted Blending Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate + CH3COONa
dehydration
p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid
Name Empirical Formula Mol. Weight
Sorbitol C6H14O6 182 Liquid
Isosorbide C6H10O4 146 Solid
Acetic Anhydride (CH3CO)2O 102 Liquid
Isosorbide-2-Acetate C8H12O5 188 Soid
Acetic Acid CH3COOH 60 Liquid
Nitric Acid HNO3 63 Liquid
Isosorbide-2-Acetate-5-Nitrate
C8H11O7N 233 Solid
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH 40 Solid
Sodium Methoxide CH3ONa 54 Solid
Sodium Acetate CH3COONa 82 Solid
Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate
C6H9O6N 191 Solid
Product: Diluted Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate Flow Diagram
3.25 kg Sorbitol 70% solution 1.4 kg Isosorbide
0.026 kg p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid 1.42 kg water to ETP
0.013 kg Sodium acetate anhydrous 0.469 kg distillation residue to CHWTSDF
2500 L SS, 170-220 C 1.4 kg Isosorbide 1.29 kg Isosorbide
0.05 litres Methanol 0.15 kg ML to ETP 48” SS Centrifuge
1.29 kg Isosorbide 1.29 kg Isosorbide-2-Acetate
0.95 kg Acetic Anhydride 0.26 kg Acetic Acid (by-product) to sale
0.086 kg Sodium acetate anhydrous 0.77 kg distillation residue to CHWTSDF
2500 L SS, 100-170 C
Dehydration Distillation
Washing Centrifuging
Acetylation Distillation
1.29 kg Isosorbide-2-Acet 1500 L SS, 5-15 C 0.2 kg vapor loss to scrubber
1.43 kg Acetic Anhydride
0.57 kg Nitric Acid 98% 3.09 kg Reaction Mass
8.18 kg Effluent to ETP 0.45 kg Methylene Chloride + 4.9 kg recycled MeCL2 0.04 kg Spent charcoal to CHWTSDF 7.1 litres water + 0.04 kg charcoal 7.36 kg Reaction mass
MeCl2 Extract
4.9 kg MeCl2 (reuse) 40-50 C, 8 hrs
2.01 kg Reaction Mass & 0.45 MeCl2 loss to scrubber
2.23 kg Methanol (reuse for 10 batches ) 2.4 kg Methanol + 0.04 kg Charcoal 0.04 kg Spent Charcoal to CHWTSDF 0.035 kg Sodium Methoxide 1.75 kg Reaction Mass + 0.465 kg to scrubber 12.1 kg Toluene (reuse) + 0.2 kg losses 0.15 kg Reaction 12.3 kg Toluene 70 C , 3 hr Waste
1.6 kg ISMN Crude
2.2 kg Water to ETP
1 kg ISMN 2.4 kg Water 0.8 kg evaporation loss to scrubber SS Crystallizer, SS Centrifuge, SS Dryer, SS Pulverizer, SS Mixer
Lactose Diluted Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate
Blending
Equipment washings: 25 litres per kg of product
Nitration
Extraction 3000 L SS, 10 C
Distillation 2000 L SS
Extraction 2500 L SS
Recrystallization Drying
Distillation 2000 L SS
50-60 C,8Hrs
Production capacity: 13 MT/month of Pure Isosorbide Mononitrate
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in MT per month
Quantity in MT per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 36.95 kg 480.35 16.01 To ETP
Distillation Residue Solid 1.239 kg 16.1 0.536 To CHWTSDF
Solid Hazardous Waste
Solid 0.15 kg 1.95 MT 0.065 To CHWTSDF
Gaseous emissions Water vapour + Solvents +
reaction vapours
1.315 kg 17 0.569 To scrubber
By products Acetic Acid 0.26 3.38 0.1126 Sale to authorized
dealer
Equipment and Utilities:
1. 5000 L SS Distillation Unit 2. Thermopack: 250000 kcal/hr 3. 48” SS Centrifuge 4. 2500 L SS Distillation Unit 5. 1500 L SS Reactor 6. 10 TR Chilling Unit (Glycol) 7. 3000 L SS Reactor 8. 2000 L SS Distillation Unit 9. 2500 L SS Distillation Unit 10. 1000 L SS Reactor 11. SS Crystallizer 12. 36” SS Centrifuge 13. SS Dryer 14. SS Pulverizer 15. SS Mixer 16. Sparkler filter/Nutch filter 17. Steam boiler: 400 kg/hr
Product: Dimethyl Isosorbide
+ 2 H2O
Sorbitol Isosorbide
2NaOH (CH3)2SO4
Dimethyl Isosorbide
+ Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
Name Empirical Formula Mol. Weight
Sorbitol C6H14O6 182 Liquid
Isosorbide C6H10O4 146 Solid
Dimethyl Sulphate (CH3)2SO4 126 Liquid
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH 40 Solid
Dimethyl Isosorbide C8H14O4 174 Liquid
Sodium Sulphate Na2SO4 142 Solid
dehydration
p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid
Product: Dimethyl Isosorbide Flow Diagram
2.5 kg Sorbitol 70% solution 1.08 kg Isosorbide
0.02 kg p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid 1.1 kg water to ETP
0.01 kg Sodium acetate anhydrous 0.35 kg distillation residue to CHWTSDF
5000 L SS, 170-220 C
1.08 kg Isosorbide 1 kg Isosorbide
0.05 litres Methanol 0.12 kg ML to ETP
48” SS Centrifuge
1 kg Isosorbide 0.1 kg losses to scrubber 1.26 kg Sodium Hydroxide 3 kg Dimethyl Sulphate 2500 L SS 2.05 kg water 70 C (ETR) Reaction Mixture
12.11 kg ML to ETP 6 kg water 3.6 kg Methylene Chloride 4.7 kg Extract in MeCl2 2500 L SS, 25-30 C 3.3 kg MeCl2 for reuse + 0.3 losses to scrubber 2500 L SS 40-50 C 10 hrs 1.1 kg Crude Dimethyl Isosorbide
1 kg Dimethyl Isosorbide 0.1 kg Distillation Residue 1500 L SS, 120-130 C 6 hrs
Equipment washings: 7 litres per 1 kg of Dimethyl Isosorbide
Dehydration Distillation
Washing Centrifuging
Methylation
Extraction
Distillation
High Vacuum Distillation
Production capacity: 5 MT/month of Dimethyl Isosorbide
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in MT per month
Quantity in MT per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 20.33 kg 101.65 3.38 To ETP
Distillation Residue Solid 0.45 kg 2.25 0.075 To CHWTSDF
Gaseous emissions Water vapour and reaction
vapours
0.4 kg 2 0.06 To scrubber
Equipment and Utilities: 1. 5000 L SS Distillation Unit 2. Thermopack: 250000 kcal/hr 3. 48” SS Centrifuge 4. 2500 L SS Distillation Unit 5. 1500 L Distillation Unit
Diluted Nitroglycerin
Product: Diluted Nitroglycerin (1.5 MT Pure)
+ 3H2O
Name Empirical Formula Mol. Weight
Glycerin C3H8O3 92 Liquid
Nitric Acid HNO3 63 Liquid
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 98 Liquid
Nitroglycerin C3H5N3O9 227 Liquid
Product: Diluted Nitroglycerin Flow Diagram
0.75 kg Glycerin 1 kg Nitroglycerin
1.31 kg HNO3 70 % + 0.56 kg HNO3 98% 0.05 kg Losses to scrubber
2.8 kg Sulphuric Acid 104.57 kg ML to ETP
100 kg Water Washing
0.2 kg CaCl2
Blending with Lactose
Equipment: 5 L Glass Reactor, 5-10 C
Equipment washings: 2 litres per kg of Nitroglycerin
HNO3 / H2SO4
Glycerin
5 - 10ºC
Nitroglycerin
Nitration
Production capacity: 25 MT/month of Diluted Nitroglycerin
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in MT per month
Quantity in MT per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 106.57 kg 159.85 5.32 To ETP
Gaseous emissions Reaction vapours
0.05 kg 0.075 0.0025 To scrubber
Equipment and Utilities: 1. 5 L Glass Reactors 2. Chilling Unit: 5 TR (Glycol) 3. SS Mixer
Product: Carbimazole
CH3OH, Soda ash
+ Br2 + CH3COOCH3 + CH3OH Vinyl acetate Bromoacetaldehyde Dimethyl acetal
CH3OH CH3NH2
KOH
+ CH3OH
(Methylamino)acetaldehyde Dimethyl acetal
Acetone NH4SCN
Mercazole (Methimazole)
Pyridine ClCOOC2H5 Acetone
Carbimazole
Name Empirical Formula Mol. Weight
Vinyl acetate monomer C4H4O2 86 Liquid
Bromine Br2 159.8 Liquid
Methanol CH3OH 32 Liquid
Bromoacetaldehyde Dimethyl Acetal (BAMA)
BrCH2CH(OCH3)2 169 Liquid
Methyl Acetate CH3COOCH3 74 Liquid
Monomethyl Amine CH3NH2 31 Gas
(Methylamino)acetaldehyde Dimethyl Acetal (MAMA)
CH3NHCH2CH(OCH3)2 119 Liquid
Potassium Bromide KBr 89.9 Solid
Ammonium Thiocyanate NH4SCN 76 Solid
Mercazole (Methimazole) C4H6N2S 114 Solid
Ethyl Chloroformate ClCOOC2H5 108.5 Liquid
Carbimazole C7H10N2O2S 186 Solid
Pyridine C5H5N 79.1 Liquid
Acetone CH3COCH3 58 Liquid
Product: Carbimazole Flow Diagram
6.64 kg Vinyl Acetate Monomer 5.64 kg BAMA 12.5 kg Bromine 3 kg Methyl acetate 12.1 kg Methanol 8 kg Methanol recycle 2.14 kg Soda Ash 81.14 kg Aqueous Effluent to ETP
71.4 kg Water 7 kg Sodium Bromide to ETP
5.64 kg BAMA 1.975 kg MAMA 10.78 kg MMA 40% solution 10.23 kg Methanol recycle 6.32 kg Methanol 25.83 kg Effluent to ETP 8.3 kg KOH 3 kg Potassium Bromide to ETP
10 kg water
1.975 kg MAMA 0.98 kg Mercazole 0.93 kg Acetone 1.18 kg Ammonium Thiocyanate Distillate Acetone ML for product
recovery
0.98 kg Mercazole 1.25 kg Carbimazole crude 1.16 kg Ethyl chloroformate 12.71 kg effluent to ETP 0.86 kg Pyridine 3.10 kg Acetone
7.86 kg Water
1.25 kg Carbimazole crude 1 kg Carbimazole 0.18 kg charcoal Spent Charcoal 0.18 kg 7.14 kg Acetone Acetone ML for recovery
Equipment washings: 15 litres per kg of carbimazole
Bromination
Amination
Cyclization
Esterification
Purification
Production capacity: 2.5 MT/month of Carbimazole
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in MT per month
Quantity in MT per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 145 kg 362.5 12 To ETP
Solid Waste Spent Charcoal
0.18 0.45 0.015 To CHWTSDF
Equipment and Utilities: 1. 50 L Glass Distillation Units – 15 Nos. 2. Thermopack: 50000 kcal/hr 3. Chilling unit: 5 TR (Glycol) 4. 24” SS Centrifuge 5. SS Dryer 6. SS Pulverizer 7. SS Mixer
Product: Methimazole
CH3OH, Soda ash
+ Br2 + CH3COOCH3 + CH3OH Vinyl acetate Bromoacetaldehyde Dimethyl acetal
CH3OH CH3NH2
KOH
+ CH3OH
(Methylamino)acetaldehyde Dimethyl acetal
Acetone NH4SCN
Mercazole (Methimazole)
Product: Methimazole Flow Diagram
7.75 kg Vinyl Acetate Monomer 6.58 kg BAMA 14.58 kg Bromine 3.5 kg Methyl acetate 14.2 kg Methanol 9.33 kgMethanol recycle 2.5 kg Soda Ash 94.7 kg Aqueous Effluent to ETP
83 kg Water 7.92 kg Sodium Bromide
6.58 kg BAMA 2.30 kg MAMA 12.58 kg MMA 40% solution 11.93 kg Methanol recycle 7.375 kg Methanol 28.46 kg Water to ETP 9.67 kg KOH 3.51 kg Potassium Bromide
10 kg Water
2.30 kg MAMA 1.15 kg Methimazole crude 1.08 kg Acetone 1.38 kg Ammonium Thiocyanate Distillate Acetone ML for product
recovery
1.15 kg Methimazole crude 1 kg Methimazole 0.21 kg charcoal Spent Charcoal 4.6 kg Acetone Acetone ML for recovery
Equipment washings: 15 litres per kg of methimazole
Bromination
Amination
Cyclization
Purification
Production capacity: 2.5 MT/month of Methimazole
Waste Type Quantity/kg Quantity in MT per month
Quantity in MT per day
Treatment
Effluent Liquid 124.59 kg 311.4 10.38 To ETP
Solid Waste Spent Charcoal
0.2 0.5 0.016 To CHWTSDF
Equipment and Utilities: 8. 50 L Glass Distillation Units – 12 Nos. 9. Thermopack: 50000 kcal/hr 10. Chilling unit: 5 TR (Glycol) 11. 24” SS Centrifuge 12. SS Dryer 13. SS Pulverizer 14. SS Mixer
Other utilities:
1. Cooling towers: 100 TR x 1, 150 TR x 1, 50 TR x 1
2. Process Scrubbers – As and where required
3. RO Water Systems: 2 x 2000 litres/hour
4. Air Handling Units (with temperature and humidity control): Section-wise for each production block
5. Generator(s)
6. Backup chilling system: 10 TR (Glycol)
7. Fire fighting system with main pump, booster pumps and diesel powered backup pump
Storage Tanks:
1. Underground Storage tanks for Methanol and Toluene-
2. Water tank for fire fighting system-
3. Process Water tank
4. Domestic Water tank