Privacy & Twitter in Qatar
May 22, 2016 WebSci 2016, Hannover, Germeny
Traditional Values in the Digital World Norah Abokhodair @norahak [email protected]
Sofiane Abbar @sofianeabbar [email protected]
Sarah Vieweg @velofemme [email protected]
Yelena Mejova @yelenamejova [email protected]
researchteam
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YelenaMejovaRussia
SarahViewegUSA
NorahAbokhodairSaudiArabia
SofianeAbbarAlgeria
definingprivacyDanielSoloveclassificaGonsystemforinterpreGngprivacy:
1. Therighttobeletalone2. Limitedaccesstotheself3. Secrecy4. ControloverpersonalinformaGon5. Personhood6. InGmacy
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Solove, Daniel J. "Understanding privacy." (2008).
privacybeyondwesternworld
• Growth• Religion• Culture• History
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rule-basedvsrelaGonship-basedculture
Western• Rule-based• IndividualisGc• Trustthesystem• Dealsintheformsof
contracts/agreements
TheArabGulf• RelaGonship-based• CollecGvisGc• Trustthehuman• Honor/Friendship
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Hooker, John. "19 Cultural Differences in Business Communication." The handbook of intercultural discourse and communication 29 (2012): 389.
WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar
h9p://www.mideastmedia.org/survey/2014/online-and-social-media/social-networks.html
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menGonsofprivacyintheQur’an
“Do not spy on one another”
“Do not enter any houses except your own homes unless you are sure of their occupants' consent”
“O believers! Enter not the houses other than your own, until you take permission and salute the residents thereof. This is better for you, haply you may be heedful”
“…ask leave of you three times before the morning prayer, and when you put off your clothes at the noon and after the night prayer. These are three times of privacy for you.”
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threedomainsofprivacy
1)HomePrivacy
2)Genderexclusivespaces
3)Individualprivacy
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Muhammad Aslam Hayat. 2007. Privacy and Islam: From the Quran to data protection in Pakistan. Information & Communications Technology Law 16.2: 137-148.
home
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AliS.Bahammam.1987.Architecturalpa-ernsofprivacyinSaudiArabianhousing.UnpublishedElectronicThesis.McGillUniversity.
gender
TwotypesofrelaGonshipsacrossgenders:
Mahram:- unmarriageablekin(e.g.father,son,brother)
Non-mahram:- menandwomenwhocanmarry
eachother
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individual
Awra:Things,likethepartsofthebody,thatmustbecoveredorhiddenHurma:HolinessandsancGty.• Thelawthatprotectsanythingthatisunlawfultoobtainorlookatwithoutpermission
TheprotecGonofawrafallsunderthehurmarule
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Hurma-حرمة
Awra-عورة
privacyregulaGontheory(altman,1975)
Privacyismanaginginterpersonalboundaries
• DialecGc(ownexperience)• Dynamic(conGnuous
management)
• Temporaldynamicprocess
• Culturallyuniversal• behaviorsareculturally
specific
• Bi-direcGonal
Actuallevel
Desiredlevel
12/6/16 WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar 16Irwin Altman. 1975. The Environment and Social Behavior: Privacy, Personal Space, Territory, and Crowding.
privacyfromarab-gulfpov
• Privacythatdoesn’tsolelyfocusoninterpersonalboundaries
• TheroleofIslam&theculturaltradiGons
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whatdoQatarissayaboutprivacyonTwi9er?
publicdiscussionnotasurvey
witnesstheconversaGonprivacy-relatedbehavior
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researchquesGons1 HowdoQatarisexpress/referto
privacyinTwi9ercommunicaGons?
2 Whattopicsorcontextsdotheyrefertointheirdiscussions/discourse?
3 ArethereanyindicaGonsofgenderdifferences?Isgenderatopicthatisdiscussedregardingprivacy?
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data
1. dicGonaryoflocaGonsinQatar2. matchto45daysampleofTwi9erDecahose3. collectfollowersofallusers4. keepuserswhoseprofilesmenGonQatar5. collectfollowersoftheseusers6. (repeat)7. unGlnonewusersareidenGfied100KuserswhoclaimtobeinQatar12/6/16 WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar 21
dicGonaryofcommonfamilynamesinQatarinArabicandEnglish(85)h9ps://Gnyurl.com/qatarinames
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بنيحماد احلمادي
letstalkprivacy
menGonsofprivacyrelatedtohonor,reputaGon,andindividualsancGty
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takingintoaccounteightpartsofspeech(nouns,pronouns,verbs…)
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cleaning
manual
examinetop100wordsforeachgroupremovesereyah,sharaf,andozladuetoambiguitymergehurma,hayat-khasah,andkhososyahduetosimilarity
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cleaning
algorithm-assisted
for‘ird(9Ktweets)useLDAtodisambiguatemeaningsexamineeachofthe50topics’top10wordsassigntoptopictoeachtweetmanuallyselecttopics+tweetsrelevanttoprivacy
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theprivacy
privacy
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People
Life
Private/personal
Picture
Hurma
Seings
ProgramApplicaGon
Culture
ثقافة ) العيب ( أشد علينا من ) احلرام ( ومبدأ ) اخلصوصية ( ألزم من مبدأ ) نصرة املظلوم ( نحن مجتمع نخاف من اخللق أكثر من اخلالق
God
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Picture
OngoingHonor
Yourmorals
Ambassador
honor
Tocover
Awra
sins
YouridenGtyAnger
Hideandcover
Muslims
Others
Don’tAppropriate
CMDAcomputer-mediateddiscourseanalysisIndividual:ContentreferstopersonalprivacySociety:Discussionofsocietyasawholevis-à-visprivacyFamily:Referencetofamilymembers,tribesTechnology:Technology-relatedmenGonsofprivacy,i.e.technologycompanies,cellularcarriers,and/orapplicaGonsLaw:InformaGonaboutthelegalaspectsof,orrightsto,privacyNews:CommunicaGonaboutmediacoverageofprivacyandtechnologyuseandtheirimpactinthecountry/regionReligion:FocusonreferencestoGod,theamerlife,orsinCulture:Culturalaspectsandreferences,incontrasttoreligion,e.g.,referencetonon-religiousproverbsPersonalIdenGfiableInformaGon(PII):Whenthesubjectma9erisrelatedtosomekindofpersonaldatathatisstored,transferredorotherwiseusedviatechnologicalmeansOpinion:Personalviewsaboutprivacy.Including(butnotlimitedto):opinions;jokes;poetry;praiseforprivacyasasocietalneed;criGcismofthemodernitythatischangingviewsofprivacy;rhetoricalquesGonsWarning:WarningsorcauGonarystatementsregardingthemaintenanceofpersonalandothers’privacyRecommendaMon:InstrucGonsandsuggesGonsonhowtoprotectprivacyforoneselfandothersConcern:ExpressionofworryorconcernoverprivacyviolaGonsorlaxa9enGontowardprivacy
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privacyinvasionwarnings
Whoreadsamessage/personalnotethatismeanttobeforsomeoneelsewithouttheirconsentthentheyhaveassaultedthesancBty(hurma)ofthatindividual’slifeandcangetuptooneyearinprisonasperthelaw.Sobeware..
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privacyinvasionwarnings
DoyouthinkyourprivacyisprotectedwhenyouarewithyourwifeintherestaurantfamilysecBonparBBonedwith
frostedglassbarriers?h-p://t.co/q7pUmKo6ll
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privacyinvasionwarnings
People,weappreciateyourconcernduringthecurrentevents,however,familiessBllhavetheirprivacyandhurmathatneedtoberespected
anditisbe-ertostayawayfrompeople’sbusiness.
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privacyinvasionwarnings
What[companyname]isdoingtowardstheircustomersbysellingtheirPIIneedstostopandwehavetostandagainstthiscompany
thatdoesn’trespecttheirclient’sprivacy
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honor
Violatesyourprivacyinyourgrave:Facebookupdatesitsprivacypolicytoallowyourfriendsandfamilytoaccess
yourprofileinformaBonandpicturesaWerdyingupontheirrequest
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honor
DeathhasitssancBty,pleaserespectitbyrefrainingfromsendingphotosofdeadpeople.IseethatsomeofthembegantocirculateonTwi-er.#Fire[mallname].
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photos
Yourdisplayphotoispartofyourpersonalityandistheambassadorofyourmorals.Therefore,donotupsetGod
withaninappropriateprofilepicture.
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photos
Displaypicturesofwomenisoneoftheongoingsins.Soifyoudonotcreateyourselfanongoingsourceof
gooddeedsthendonotcreatetheopposite.
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exposedvsexposing
Onthelackofmodestyamongstexpatriatewomenandmen,
andthelackofrespectofourArab-Islamicsocietyprivacy[link].
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isprivacygendered?
manuallylabeledforgenderuser’sname,screenname,profile47%femalecontributed1.367tweets(men1.445tweets)
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1. Privacyisgendered2. Privacyiswhatoneisexposedto3. PrivacyisalsoaOerdeath4. Privacyismoralinreligioussense
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privacyinGCC
NorahAbokhodair@Norahak
SofianeAbbar@SofianeAbbarQCRI,HBKU
SarahVieweg@velofemmeQCRI,HBKU
YelenaMejova@yelenamejovaQCRI,HBKU
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READFULLPAPERHERE:h9ps://Gnyurl.com/QatarPrivacy