Power Plant capacity - 2,49,488 MW
1950
2014
183 fold increase
Electricity generation - 959 BU
1950
2014
235 fold increase
Transmission lines - 2,86,500 ckmPOWER MAP OF INDIA
POWERGRID LINES BY 2011-12
Indian Power Sector
Increase in Voltage Level
400 kV
1977 1990 2000 2014 2015/16
765kV AC
±800 kV HVDC 1200kV UHVAC
±500 kV HVDC
• Generation resources located in few pockets
Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR
Coal reserves mainly in Central India
Large coast line – imported coal based projects (AP, TN & Gujarat)
•
• Transmission of power is economical
• Renewables (solar, wind etc.) like hydro resources can not be transported
Necessitate establishment of large nos. long distance lines
Energy Resource Map
4
Transmission Domain in Indian Context
Inter-State Transmission System
Transmission – A Vital link between Generation and Load
Intra-State Transmission System
POWERGRID
Private Transmission Licensee
Present Transmission Network
• POWERGRID -1,08,000 ckm; STUs Network -1,70,000 ckm; Private/JV-8,500 ckm
State Transco
Private Licensee
ONE NationGridFrequency
POWERGRID Overview
A ‘NAVRATNA’ ENTERPRISE
CENTRAL TRANSMISSION
UTILITY
LISTED COMPANY since
2007
GOVT. SHAREHOLDING
57.90%
World Class, Integrated, Global Transmission Company With Dominant Leadership in Emerging Power Markets Ensuring Reliability, Safety and Economy
Vision
Tr. Lines (as on 30 Jun-2014)
108,276 ckm
Availability 99.92%
S/S & MVA (as on 30 Jun-2014)
186 S/S
209,274 MVA
(*)- Based on 30.06.14 Closing Price of 139.20 on NSE
5
POWERGRID – Central Transmission Utility
6
Role as CTU
• To undertake transmission of electricity through inter-State Trans. System (ISTS)
• To discharge all functions of planning and coordination relating to ISTS
• To ensure development of an efficient, co-ordinated and economical system of ISTS lines for smooth flow of electricity from Generating Stations to the load centres
• To provide non-discriminatory open access to its transmission system
Transmission Addition
8th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan (envisaged)0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
3792146138
59074
108000
CAGR : 9.05 %
Ckm
ONE NationGridFrequency
8
Central Grid
S
W
N
E
NE
NEW* Grid
SouthGridOctober 1991
East & North-East synchronized
March 2003West synchronized
With East & North-East
August 2006North synchronized
with Central Grid
Dec’2013South
synchronized with
NEW Grid
Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies
One NationOne Grid
One Frequency
Existing I-R Capacity
38,550MW
National Grid - Evolution
Transmission Growth
XI PLAN START
XI PLAN END
XII PLAN ADDITION
XI IPLAN END
ER-NR 3430 12130 5800 17930
ER-WR 1790 4390 8400 12790
ER-SR 3130 3630 0 3630
ER-NER 1260 1260 1600 2860
WR-NR 2120 4220 12700 16920
WR-SR 1720 1720 6400 7920
NER-NR 0 0 6000 6000
132kV 600 600 0 600
TOTAL 14050 27750 40300 68050Inte
r-Re
gion
al T
rans
. Cap
acity
(MW
)
National Grid – Present and Envisaged
Planned IR Capacity: 68,050 MW
6000MW HVDC
2500 MW HVDC
Transmission System – As of Today
• Strong back bone of 400 kV – Overlay of 765 kV & high capacity HVDC under Implementation
• All India synchronous grid – One of the largest in the World
• Under new concept of planning, 10 nos. of high capacity corridors evolved - to reduce the dependency on a particular generation
• These corridors shall facilitate about 40,000MW power transfer
• No congestion in LTA, Congestion only in STOA & MTOA : Total congestion in 2013-14, about 5.6 BU (0.6%) as against annual generation of about 950 BU
Transmission Planning - Consideration
11
• It is directional and to be known in advance.
• System to be planned for peak power transfer
• (N-1-1/G-1-1) reliability criteria
• Conservation of Right of Way
• To fit into long term perspective
• The transmission system should have enough ‘controllability’ features (in addition to wires)
Earlier• Generation is licensed• Regional self sufficiency
with limited inter-regional allocation
• Predictable Transmission
Change in Paradigm
Now• De-licensed/Uncertainty in
generation• Connectivity to Generators
without PPA/Direction• Open access across the
nation• Long term Access on Target
Region• Economic despatch of
generation
Challenges
1. Co-ordinated development of Transmission and Generation• Uncertainty in generation
Delay in implementation, change in destination, Fuel Shortage, Cost/Economic Despatch of Generation
• Delay in transmission capacity addition (RoW, Forest) in some corridors may require longer gestation period.Severe RoW in Kerala, Karnataka, Western UP, West Bengal & Sikkim
• Delay due to regulatory issues for tariff based transmission projectsSuitable provision needs to be made to take undertake transmission
projects under long litigations.
2. Matching development of intra-state transmission & distribution• State transmission system not keeping pace to meet growing power
demand• Even though high capacity corridors are being constructed on target
allocation basis, down below network to be developed by states matching with PPA
Challenges
3. Integration of renewable energy resources• Low gestation period of renewable generation than transmission• Grid Stability and Security
4. Skewed power flow due to market forces• CLP Jhajjar (1320MW), Aravali, Jhajjar(1500MW), Kayankulam in Kerala, Gas projects
etc. planned as load centre based generation from stability point of view. On price consideration, they are not in operation putting extra burden on transmission.
5. Secured operation of large grid• Large Frequency Excursion• Wide variation of system parameters• Multiple tripping due to protection failure
6. Appropriate institutional and regulatory mechanism at state level• Generation, Transmission and Distribution at State level is under same holding
company• Conflict of interest prevents prudent actions towards safe and reliable grid
operation
Solution
1. Co-ordinated development of Transmission and Generation : Transmission to lead Generation• Long term Demand-Supply profile projection of each state for all time
horizon (generation addition in the state, load, requirement of import / export)
• Pre-defined Pocket-wise generation development plan to be firmed up for each plan with focused development
• Long term perspective plan (say 15 - 20 years) needs to be developed.• Transmission needs to start on the basis of above plan without waiting for
generation to materialize. This will also address issue on integration of RES.
2. Matching development of intra-state transmission and distribution• Intra-state transmission and distribution need to be planned beforehand at
least 5-7 years in advance for each state according to load profile projection alongwith planned inter-state transmission as well as capacity addition
• Innovative financing and institutional arrangement for implementation of intra-state transmission and distribution
Solution ….contd..
3. Secured operation of large grid• Implementation of Primary and Secondary response• Protection along with augmentation and upgradation.• Ancilliary services• Reliability Standards• Compliance to Grid Code and Standards
4. Skewed power flow due to market forces• Commercial mechanism for optimal generation from load centric generators (grid stability point of
view)
5. DISCOMs commercial viability
6. Suitable tariff mechanism along with security of payment: Need to be evolved like General Network Access so as to assure development and payment to the transmission licensee.
7. Appropriate institutional and regulatory mechanism• Strong regulatory measures at central/state level to ensure commercial viability and discipline.• Institutional development of STUs and proactive role of SERCs.• STUs /SLDCs need to be ring fenced from generation and distribution.
Thank You
ONE NationGridFrequency
Mumbai
Hyderabad
ChennaiBangalore
Thiruvananthapuram
Delhi
Jaipur
Ahmadabad
Bishwanath Chariali
Agra
Gwalior
Mumbai
Hyderabad
ChennaiBangalore
Thiruvananthapuram
Delhi
Jaipur
Ahmadabad
Bishwanath Chariali
Agra
Gwalior
Evolving Voltage Landscape
Transmission Addition
8th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan (envisaged)0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
1193720000
35000
5500025984
26138
24074
53000
State Central
37921
46138
59074
55000 MW
Ckm
19000 MW 108000 MW
108000
• Slippage in NR, SR, ER & NER changed the load flow requirement. • ER & NER not in position to export to NR which was planned.• SR became importing region due to non-commissioning of projects (Actually
with Krishnapatnam UMPP, it envisaged to export)
S No RegionTarget for 11th plan Achieved during
11th plan Slippage
1 Northern 20,928 13,984 6,9442 Western 21,380 20,367 1,0133 Southern 14,920 9,241 5,6794 Eastern 17,211 11,230 5,9815 North East 4,261 142 4,119
Total 78,700 54,964 23,736
Uncertainty in Generation
Uncertain Destination
• In the absence of PPA, transmission schemes planned on the basis of target destination regions given by IPPs
• For example in Chhattisgarh :-– LTA given to IPPs : 16,300MW– Proposed destination region :
Western Region :10,900 MW Northern Region: 5,200 MW Southern Region: 200 MW
– Now on commissioning, most of the IPPs proposing to transfer power to SR
REGION TARGET IN XI PLAN (MW)
IPPS PROPOSED TO ADD IN XI PLAN (MW)
NORTHERN REGION 4,472 6239
WESTERN REGION 5898 31107
SOUTHERN REGION 2524 11505
EASTERN REGION 3099 17052
TOTAL 15993 65903
• Against plan of 15,993 MW under IPPs, 65,093 MW proposed by IPPs to add in XI Plan
• State IPPs like Tiroda(3300 MW), Ideal Energy(270 MW) came up without adequate State tr. System; burdened ISTS
• Above mislead the transmission plan.
Proposal by IPPs in Uncoordinated Manner
Jul/11 Nov/11 Mar/12 Jul/12 Nov/12 Mar/13 Jul/13 Nov/13 Mar/1410.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00
13.50
14.00
23.48
24.42
25.40
25.4425.74
25.90
27.62 27.62
Average Rate for transmission (Paise/unit)
ONE NationGridFrequency
Large Capacity seeking Connectivity only
190
104
No. of Applications
Connectivity LTA
183000 MW
62600 MW
Quantum in MW
Connectivity LTA
ONE NationGridFrequency
NR
NER
ER
SR
WR
Uncoordinated Generation Addition
• Inter-regional flow depends on demand and generation addition
• Any mismatch causes skewed power flows
Generation delay of about 14,000 MW
Generation delay of about 10,000 MW
Generation addition of about 14,000 MW in
last 2 years
Heavy power rush on WR-NR corridor
Severe RoW Issues
28
HIGH CAPACITY CORRIDORS
Uncoordinated Generation Development
• ER & NER– Delay in Generation Addition : 14,000 MW in ER & 4,000 MW in NER
• SR– Delay of 10,000 MW generation addition resulting in deficit– Lines planned for export being used for import
• Chhattisgarh (WR)– Large quantum for transfer through LTA in WR about 16000 MW in last 2 years– Earlier Target beneficiaries : WR-11000MW, NR-5000MW, SR-200MW only– Now destinations shifted to SR– Many State generations already commissioned (like Tiroda, IEPL etc. ) now
seeking inter-State transfer
• Non-Signing of Long term PPAs– Only about 8400 MW (i.e. 20%) of about 45000 MW ISGS capacity to be added
by IPPs is tied up in long term PPA– Merchant power should be limited to about 15-20%
Long term PPAs
• Long term PPA not materialising – About 2600 MW (12%) from IPPs Projects commissioned
in 12th plan and 5800 MW (27%) from IPP projects to be commissioned in 12th plan (overall 20%)
31
Maximum and Minimum Frequency – 1998 Onwards
ER/NEW Grid Frequency
32
Maximum and Minimum Frequency – 2008 Onwards
ER/NEW Grid Frequency
33
Frequency Variations (Maximum - Minimum ) – 1998 Onwards
ER/NEW Grid Frequency
34
Frequency Variations (Maximum - Minimum ) – 2008 Onwards
ER/NEW Grid Frequency
Nathpa-Jhakri gate
Fog gate
Gomati Gate Ganga Gate
Birpara-Salakati Gate
Silchar Gate
Eastern Region Gate
Mahanadi Gate
W3-W2 Gate
W3-W1 Gate
W3-ER Gate
Bhilai Gate
Godavari Gate
Mundra Gate
Golden GateKaveri Gate
Stanley Gate
Flowgates
Congestion Flowgates in Europe
Source: 10 year network development plan 2012, ENTSOE
Transfer Capability Assessment by System Operators
X Plan XI Plan XII Plan (Proposed) XII Plan (Estimated)0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
57080
69458
180000
200000
Investment Trend in Transmission Sector
Private State
Central Total
Rs. i
n Cr
s.