Pollution, congestion and transport planning in urban areas

Michael Cramer (MEP)

Donostia, 15 October 2015

Cycle logistics from every angle

My theses

• We need a shift in mobility patterns to stop climate change.

• Emission free/Low-­emission transport has to play a key role.

Where we want to go: the EU targets for 2020

• 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

• 20% of EU’s energy from renewable resources

• 20% improvement of energy efficiency

CO2 emissions by sector (2011)

Evolution of EU GHG emissions and EU targets

Source: European Commission, 2015, transport data excludesInternational Bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU)

The CO2 footprint of transport modes

020406080100120

truck inlandnavigation

freight train

CO2 emissions by transport mode

kg CO2 per t-­‐km

So far no europe-­wide numbers for cargobikes

Mandatory rail charge in Europe

Track access charges vary broadly across the EU.

Source: ECMT (2005)

Non-­mandatory road charge for lorriesroad charge for lorries in Europe

EUR-­cents per km

Source: International Transport Forum (2012)

Toll: On rail network: 100%on road network: 0.9%

9

Source: Eurostat, ASECAPstatistical bulletin 2010

Taxation of rail services

• No kerosene tax (14 bn. EUR subsidies per year)

• No Value Added Tax on international flights (16 bn. EUR/year)

• Integration in EU Emissions Trading Scheme suspended

• No charges on air corridors (with the exception of Siberia)

Priviliges for aviation

Inland navigation• No fuel taxation• No charges on most of the waterways

Maritime transport• Using heavy oil (hazardous waste incinerators without filters)• Not integrated into emission trading system

Priviliges for Waterborne Transport

600

800

480

260

470

300

200

40

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

China

Romania

Russia

Berlin

EU

Spain

Germany

USA

Cars per 1 000 inhabitants

• in 2050 84% of the EU population will live in cities

• in cities, transport is responsible for:

Ø 40% of all CO2 emissions

Ø 70% of all emissions which are harmful to the climate

• by 2060, 30% of alle EU citizens will be older than 60 years (today: 17%)

• More than 90% of all car rides in German cities are shorter than 6 km(Peter Ramsauer)

Both problems and solutions are concentrated in urban areas

Atlanta – Barcelona

• almost the same size of population• the area covered by Atlanta is 26 times larger

The importance of space development

Space development shoud allow to

• avoid unnessary traffic (example: mix functions)

• shift to sustainable modes of transport (ex.: sufficient density)

• make every mode more efficient (ex.: less traffic jams)

30 km/h makes a real difference

The European Parliament’s position

“Strongly recommends the responsible authorities to introduce speed limits of 30 km/h in residential areas and on all one-­lane roads in urban areas which have no separate cycle lane, with a view to protecting vulnerable road users more effectively;;”

In: European Parliament resolution of 27 September 2011 on European road safety 2011-­2020

Example: in Berlin, a speed limit of 30 km/h already applies to 80% of all roads

Tempo 30: Big advantages

More Safety…• Brake path: 28 m instead of 13 m • 42 % less accidents• Risk to be killed: 80% instead of 10%• Acceptance increased

Environment protection an lower costs• Emissions: -­ 12%• Noise: -­3 db(A) = feeling is 50 %• Forest of traffic signs: more clear andlower costs

Hardly no loss of time…• Only 10-­20 Sek. per km• Berlin: Average speed of cars 19 km/h

Higher quality of life…• Space for children, pedestrians, cyclists and public transport

• Less stress

Tempo 30: Big Success

Actuel Success…

• From Graz in Austria and Pontevedra in Spain via the network in France „Ville 30“ to Liverpool in the UK

• Big interest also in German cities

• New York City creates „New Walk City“

The EU & space development

The EU

• respects subsidiarity: towns, cities and regions are in charge

• co-­funds projects – but needs to be more selective!

• supports „Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans“

Declaration EU transport ministers: Cycling as climate friendly Transport ModeInnovation:• Bicycle innovation will boost jobs and growth and support EU industry through new technology and services.

Environment• In growing urban centres, cycling is an essential tool against traffic jams

• More than half of all motorized cargo trips in EU cities could be shifted to cargo bikes

Declaration EU transport ministers: Cycling as climate friendly Transport ModeHealth:• The health benefits of switching from car to bicycle amply outweigh the safety risks.

• Through congestion easing, emissions and noise reduction, public health and infrastructure cost savings, cycling benefits even those who don’t practice it.

Declaration EU transport ministers: Cycling as climate friendly Transport ModeFinancing:• Demand mainstreaming of the promotion of cycling into existing EU policy instruments:– (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans in the 2013 Urban Mobility Package, Policy Orientations on Road Safety 2011-­2020, CIVITAS 2020, ELTIS, URBACT and the European Mobility Week)

– and relevant funding instruments (including European Structural and Investment Funds, COSME and Horizon 2020)

Declaration EU transport ministers: Cycling as climate friendly Transport ModeAction plan (I):1. Integrate cycling into multimodal transport 2. Develop an EU level strategic document 1. list all the goals within EU competence 2. identify EU policy and funding instruments 3. include cycling in the above EU policies and funding instruments.

Declaration EU transport ministers: Cycling as climate friendly Transport ModeAction plan (II):3. Set up a European focal point for cycling1. to serve as a one-­stop-­shop for cycling2. exchange of best practices among Member States3. monitor the implementation and the impact of the EU strategy for cycling.

Member States can contribute by:4. Designating a national focal point for cycling 5. Infrastructure projects aim to strengthen (inter)national, regional and local networks.

Declaration EU transport ministers: Cycling as climate friendly Transport ModeAction plan (III):Welcome initiatives by urban, local and regional authorities to:6. Include cycling in urban, local or regional projects, both as an efficient transport mode and as a recreational activity.7. Draw on national and international best practices, co-­funding opportunities and guidelines by working with national and European focal points for cycling and with other stakeholders.

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