© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
John HalliwellPrincipal Project Manager – Electric
Transportation
NERC-DOE FIDVR WorkshopSeptember 30, 2015
Washington, D.C.
Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging
Characteristics
2© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Outline
Electric Vehicle Supply EquipmentCharging System TopologiesCharging CharacteristicsVehicle Voltage Response
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Some Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Samples
Level 1 AC - Cord Set
120V charging
Level 2 AC
208/240V charging
DC Fast
208/480V 3phase input
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Plug-in Vehicle On-board System Topology
J1772™ Charge Port
Traction Battery
PEV
Battery Management
System
Charger AC/DC
DC
AC
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Topology and Nomenclature – AC Charging
1-ph AC Service
120/208/240V
J1772 Charge Port
Charger AC/DC
ACTraction Battery
PEV
EVSE
Battery Management
System
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DC Charging
3-ph AC ServiceDC
EVSE 208/480V
DC Charge Port
PEV
BMS
Traction Battery
DC
Charger AC/DC
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Wireless Charging
1-ph AC Service208/240V
Charger AC/DC
Traction Battery
PEV
BMS
Wireless EVSE
DC
85kHz AC
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No Matter the Charging Technology…
Regulation is at the battery (DC load side)– V and I controlled by Battery
Management System– From AC input, generally looks
like a constant power load with a current limit
Standards, wire sizing, etc..– Based on input current
Response to off-normal conditions mix of:– OEM designed charge
management– Third party charge station design
(AC, DC Wireless)
REGULATION at DC
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Power versus Time
DC “FAST” CHARGING
AC Level 2 CHARGING
AC Level 1 CHARGING
Wireless CHARGING
Up to 100+ kW
Up to 19.2 kW
Up to 2 kW
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Hits current limit of ~18A around 208V
Roughly Constant Power down to
208V
EPRI 2011 Nissan Leaf Data
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Portion of curve highlighted with RED line is the expected typical operational region
Roughly constant power down to
208V
EPRI 2011 Chevy Volt
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This Sample Waveform was Used
13© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.6727W
6700W 6745W
6730W
Cur
rent
(A)
Volta
ge (V
)P
ower
(W)
46.3s
2013 Nissan Leaf – Response to FIDVR Voltage Profile
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2013 Nissan Leaf – Response to FIDVR Voltage Profile - 2C
urre
nt (A
)Vo
ltage
(V)
Voltage Reduction
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Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity