PLANTS: A SPACED LEARNING LESSON
1st Presentation – No paper or pencils!!
By: Andrea Kirk
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Nonvascular: These plants lack vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients. They rely on simple diffusion to move water,
and must live in a moist environment. Cannot grow very tall because they lack
vascular tissue. Lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Some
have root-like structures called rhizoids Includes Mosses, Liverworts, and
Hornworts
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Life Cycle: The gametophyte is the dominant
generationDoes not utilize seeds, but uses wind
blown spores to disperse the offspring.Flagellated sperm requires water to
reach and fertilize the egg; another reason why they must live in a moist area.
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
VASCULAR PLANTS
VASCULAR PLANTS
Vascular plants have specialized structures:Roots, stems, and leavesDifferentiated tissues: meristematic,
ground, vascular, and dermal tissues. Can grow much taller than nonvascular
plants due to their vascular structures. The life cycle has a dominant sporophyte
generation, in contrast to the dominant gametophyte in nonvascular plants
TISSUES Vascular plants have differentiated tissues
that perform separate but important functions. Meristematic Tissue: consists of cells that
grow and divide repeatedly. Vascular Tissue: these cells form the xylem
and phloem that transport water and nutrientsGround Tissue: has cells that are rich in
chloroplasts and conducts photosynthesisDermal Tissue: these cells protect the
vascular structures of the plant.
TISSUES IN VARIOUS PLANT PARTS
MAIN PLANT PARTS
Roots Stems Leaves
All of these parts contain dermal vascular and ground tissues.
THE ROOTS
Functions: Anchoring Absorption Storage
Structure: Root Hairs – increase the surface area for more
absorption Zone of Elongation Meristematic Zone – part of the root tip where
cells grow and divide to extend the root. Root Cap – protects the root tip
STRUCTURE
STEM
Function: Connects the roots to the leaves and acts as the plumbing for the plant
Structure: Xylem:
One way Transports water and minerals upward Stiff, thick walls
Phloem Two way Transports products of photosynthesis and water up
and down Perforated walls
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
LEAVES
Function: Capture the sunlight and are the main area of photosynthesis for the plant.
Structure: Leaf Margins:
LEAVES
Leaf Types
LEAF STRUCTURE
Cuticle – waxy and water repellent. Excreted by the epidermis
Epidermis - outer layer of cells Palisade Mesophyll – elongated cells that
contain a lot of chlorophyll Spongy Mesophyll – Round irregular cells that
allow for gas exchange Stoma – opening in the leaves for water and
gas movement (more on the bottom of leaf) Guard Cells – “Guard” the stoma to open and
close it. Vein – contains the xylem and phloem for the
leaf.
LEAF STRUCTURE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Reactants Products
TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS
Seed: Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Seedless: Ferns Whisk ferns Horsetails
SEED VASCULAR PLANTS
Gymnosperms: Ginkgos, Gnetales, cycads, and
conifers“naked seeds” that are not enclosed in a
protective structure. The ovule normally develops on the surface of a scale (cone) or at the tip of a modified leaf.
Conifers are the most abundant gymnosperms and include pine trees
Life Cycle: The Sporophyte is the dominant portion of the life cycle.
GYMNOSPERMS
Ginkgo
Conifer
Gnetales
Cycad
SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Gymnosperms:
SEED VASCULAR PLANTS
AngiospermsThe most diverse group of land
plants.“Flowering plants” - the ovule
develops inside a protective ovary. The mature ovary becomes a fruit.
Life Cycle: The sporophyte is dominant. Double fertilization occurs to produce an endosperm, the food supply, and a zygote.
SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Angiosperms
SEED VASCULAR PLANTSAngiosperms
Two main divisions of flowering plants.Monocotyledon: Monocots
One cotyledon (seed leaf) Flower parts in threes Parallel leaf veins Scattered vascular bundles
Dicotyledon: Dicots Two cotyledons Flower parts in fours and fives Net-like leaf veins Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Seed structure
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Include whisk ferns, ferns, club
mosses, and horsetails.Life Cycle: The sporophyte is
dominantUse windblown spores, not seeds, to
disperse their offspring.The sperm is flagellated and requires
water to reach the egg. These plants are limited to moist areas
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
Sorus = cluster of sporangia that can be located on the underside of a fern leaf.
Sporangia = enclosure of spores
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS: FERN
Fiddlehead:An uncurling frond
BRAIN BREAK
Stretch! 2 minutes
Push-up/sit-ups Grab a partner Do as many push ups or sit ups as you can while
your partner counts for you 4 minutes
Switch and count your partners push ups and sit ups! 4 minutes